Biological Control of Sclerotinia Diseases of Rapeseed by Aerial Applications of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of applying the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to the aerial parts of rapeseed plants at the flowering stage to control sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Under controlled conditions, a petal inoculation technique was used to determine the effect of conidial suspensions of C. minitans on suppression of sclerotinia leaf blight. Results showed that C. minitans was effective in inhibiting infection initiated by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on flower petals by restricting mycelial growth of the pathogen. Suppression of lesion development was related to the conidial concentration of C. minitans, with larger lesions at low concentration (5×10³conidia ml⁻¹), but smaller lesions at high concentration (5×10⁴ conidia ml⁻¹ or higher). When C. minitans-treated rapeseed leaves were inoculated with mycelia of S. sclerotiorum, C. minitans failed to prevent infection of leaves, but caused a significant reduction in number of sclerotia produced on the diseased leaves. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between the two isolates of C. minitans, LRC 2137 and Chy-1, on the two rapeseed cultivars, Westar (spring type) and Zhongyou 821 (winter type). Results of field trials showed a significant reduction of stem rot of rapeseed in four (1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004) out of five years by aerial application of C. minitans, compared with controls. No significant difference in suppressive efficacy was observed between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + benomyl (50 μg ml⁻¹) and benomyl (100 μg ml⁻¹) in 2003, and between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + vinclozolin (100 μg ml⁻¹) and vinclozolin (500 μg ml⁻¹) in 2004. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum collected from diseased plants in plots treated with C. minitans in 1999, 2000 and 2003, or with C. minitans + benomyl in 2003 were infected by C. minitans at frequencies ranging from 21.3 to 54.5%. This study concludes that aerial spraying of C. minitans is an effective method for controlling sclerotinia diseases of rapeseed.     

深圳红火蚁蚁巢密度、社会型研究及防治效果评价

本文报道了深圳红火蚁生境类型与蚁巢密度的关系,社会型的鉴别以及应用茚虫威对多后型和单后型、多后型共存地区的防治效果。红火蚁的蚁巢密度（巢/100 m2）与生境类型密切相关,在所调查的5类生境中,待建地的蚁巢密度最高,为3.81巢/100 m2,公路边的次之,为2.95巢/100 m2,城市绿地的最低,为0.63巢/100 m2。应用多元PCR技术对6个行政区社会型进行鉴别的结果表明,福田、龙岗、南山区为多后型与单后型共存,单后型与多后型的比仅为1∶(3~4)。罗湖、宝安、盐田3区全部为多后型;多后型地区的蚁巢密度（2.2巢/100 m2）比单后型地区（1.9巢/100 m2）的为高,但没有显著差异;应用茚虫威进行防治60 d后的调查结果表明,多后型地区的防治效果（97.8%）比单后型地区（96.7%）的要好,但没有显著差异。最后,本文对这些结果产生的原因及应用价值进行了讨论。     

东莞森林公园建设与管理对策思考——以大岭山森林公园为例

文章根据东莞森林公园建设的背景,从东莞发展森林公园建设的特殊条件（经济发展和城市建设特点）出发,分析存在的主要问题,提出东莞森林公园建设和管理的对策。     

保幼激素类似物对红火蚁的作用研究进展

我国发现红火蚁已有4年,但防治技术、产品依然匮乏。为了改善、提高我国红火蚁的防治技术水平,本文就保幼激素类似物(JHA)对红火蚁的作用表现和防治效果进行了总结分析。JHA可以造成蚁后卵巢萎缩、产卵量减少,导致发育畸形和蚁群等级比例失调,如工蚁数量减少、生殖型幼虫比例以及处女蚁后数量增加等,并最终导致整个蚁群死亡。JHA杀虫剂活性高、低残毒、对环境污染小,在田间防治红火蚁效果彻底,并可有效地防止防治区红火蚁种群的再入侵（re invasion）,但JHA毒饵也存在着防治效果缓慢等问题。本文就克服此类问题作了初步的探讨。     

Exploring the effectiveness of in ovo feeding of vitamin C based on the embryonic vitamin C synthesis and absorption in broiler chickensOA

Background: Many researches about in ovo feeding(IOF) of vitamin C(VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems.Results: Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during p...     

低温逆境下喷施氯化钙与热激对不知火杂柑果实生理生化的影响

果实钙含量与低温伤害有着密切的关系,主要机制在于钙能防止果实的细胞膜损伤和渗漏,稳定膜结构和维持膜的完整性。胞外Ca^2＋功能通过保护质膜的稳定性,使质膜具有较好的离子选择通透性,还可能对一些胞外酶或膜蛋白起调节作用。近年的研究表明,热激（非致死温度的热锻炼）处理能提高多种植物抗低温逆境的能力,还能引起胞内Ca^2＋浓度迅速（1分钟之内）升高,因此可以认为,Ca^2＋可能是启动热激反应的胞内关键因子。不知火杂柑品质优良,已有多篇文章对其进行研究。     

两种除草剂对紫背浮萍的生长抑制活性研究

本文以叶状体数为测试指标,在实验室条件下研究了除草剂草甘膦、二甲戊灵对紫背浮萍生长的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内,两种除草剂均对紫背浮萍的生长具有明显的抑制作用,抑制率都随浓度的增加而增大,处理168h后,草甘膦、二甲戊灵对紫背浮萍叶状体的EC50分别为12.817、0.483mg/L。     

乙氧氟草醚原药及其主要杂质的气质联用分析研究

本文采用气-质联用(GC—MS)法对乙氧氟草醚原药及其原药中的杂质进行分析鉴定，了解乙氧氟草醚原药中的杂质情况和质量状况，并结合合成路线，分析产生杂质原因，用以指导工业生产。     

铅胁迫对澳洲坚果幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

为探究澳洲坚果（Macadamia integrifolia）对土壤铅胁迫的耐受性,以3年生澳洲坚果实生苗为材料,研究不同浓度铅处理下（0、200、400、800、1 200、1 600和2 000 mg/kg）澳洲坚果幼苗生长及生理特性的变化。结果表明,除地径增量和可溶性糖含量外,铅浓度对澳洲坚果幼苗生长及生理特性均影响极显著。随铅浓度升高,幼苗株高和地径增量、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量及SOD和POD活性均呈先升后降的趋势;可溶性糖含量呈先降后升的趋势;MDA含量逐渐上升。澳洲坚果幼苗对1 200 mg/kg以下的铅胁迫有一定抗性;1 200 mg/kg以上会对其造成毒害,抑制其生长。     

堵源截流的先锋贩毒分子的克星——前进中的临沧警犬缉毒工作

在滇西南边陲临沧290.79公里的中缅边境线上,常年活跃着一支能征善战的缉毒专业队伍——临沧市公安局禁毒支队缉毒警犬防暴大队。他们在长期的禁毒斗争中取得了令人瞩目的成绩,以每年侦破数起万克以上特大案件的辉煌战绩,成为临沧边疆堵源截流的先锋,贩毒分子的克星,为减少毒品的内流,减轻毒品对社会的危害做出了突出的贡献。2000年,刑侦犬“双刮”代表云南省参加在南京举行的第一届全国警犬技术大赛,