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991.
Eiko Touno Makoto Kaneko Sunao Uozumi Hidenori Kawamoto Shin Deguchi 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(1):46-52
Twelve sheep were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to evaluate the effect of substituting wheat bran with forage soybean silage in the diet on apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance. Forage soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) was cultivated in a no‐till, no‐herbicide cropping system with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as a living mulch. Forage soybean and Italian ryegrass were wilted and ensiled in round bales without additives, respectively. The experimental diets were based on corn silage supplemented with protein sources (tow silages or wheat bran). The crude protein and the acid detergent insoluble protein contents of forage soybean silage were the highest among the protein sources. The apparent digestibility of crude protein and the nitrogen balance did not significantly differ among the diets. In addition, the phytoestrogen content of forage soybean silage was below the level at which animal reproductive performance would be negatively affected. These results suggest that forage soybean silage has comparable feeding value to wheat bran, and can be given at an inclusion level of 17% (dry matter basis) as an alternative protein source to wheat bran without adverse effects on digestion or nitrogen balance in sheep fed a corn silage‐based diet. 相似文献
992.
Shin Sukegawa Takeshi Miyake Takayuki Ibi Yoichi Takahagi Hiroshi Murakami Fumiki Morimatsu Takahisa Yamada 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):193-197
Marbling in beef, measured by Beef Marbling Standard (BMS) number, is an economically important trait for beef cattle breeding and markets in Japan. We previously detected three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMS number of Japanese Black in Oita prefecture: c.*188G>A in AKIRIN2, g.1471620G>T in EDG1 and g.3109537C>T in RPL27A. Here, we carried out single and multiple marker association analyses for the three SNPs in a different commercial Japanese Black population of 892 genotyped animals. The single marker analyses with the model including a single SNP showed significant associations of all SNPs with BMS number. The multiple marker analysis with the model including the main effects of the three SNPs and their interactions detected only significant main effects of g.1471620G>T and g.3109537C>T and a significant interaction between c.*188G>A and g.1471620G>T. These findings suggest the presence of inter‐allelic interactions among genes affecting the development of beef marbling. For effective marker‐assisted selection for BMS number, interactions among these markers need to be considered. 相似文献
993.
994.
The rate of oxygen consumption of minced whole body was determined volumetrically, as an indication of metabolic rate in vitro (M
in vitro
), at 20°C in porgy Pagrus major ranging from 0.0002 g (just after hatch) to 2.9 g (67 days old) in body mass. A triphasic relationship was found between M
in vitro
of individual fish (l.min–1) and wet body mass W (g). During the prolarval stage accompanied with the transitional period to the postlarval stage (0.00020–0.00023 g, 0–6 days old), the mass-specific metabolic rate in vitro (M
in vitro
/W in l.g–1.min–1) increased with age (D in days) as expressed by an equation M
in vitro
/W = 3.88 + 0.74/D. During the postlarval stage (0.00031–0.003 g, 8–22 days old), M
in vitro
/W remained almost constant, independent of body mass following an equation M
in vitro
/W = 5.24 W–0.085. During the juvenile and adolescent stages (0.0047–2.9 g, 30–67 days old), M
in vitro
/W decreased with increasing body mass following an equation M
in vitro
/W = 1.66 W–0.235. These results correspond with the triphasic relationship between metabolism in vivo and body mass observed in intact porgy of 0.0002–270 g (Oikawa et al. 1991). It is concluded, therefore, that the dependence of mass-specific metabolic rate on body size exists in vitro as well as in vivo, during the early stages in the porgy. Based on these results, factors controlling the metabolism-size relationship are discussed. 相似文献
995.
996.
The use of forest biomass as a renewable energy source has received much attention as a response to climate change and the
increasing global demands for energy. Local availability and conversion into secondary energy carriers with a lower capital
investment shows more weights on its interests. The substitution of fossil fuel by biomass fuel can have a strong effect on
the mitigation of climate change through reducing greenhouse gases, which can be an important consideration for CDM projects
in Bangladesh. This study uses literature review to analyse the legal framework of carbon trading under CDM, CDM additionality,
CDM and bioenergy promotion, land availability and technology for biomass production, and sustainability of CDM projects in
Bangladesh. The barriers to CDM projects in Bangladesh are explained as well as measures for promoting biomass production.
Biomass and bioenergy-based CDM projects can be attractive and support sustainable development in Bangladesh. The study suggests
capacity building and policy changes needed in order to comply with CDM modalities. The study can be useful to the climate
change mitigation and development policy makers in Bangladesh. 相似文献
997.
Won Ho Lee Seok Won Lee Tae Jin Kang Kwansoo Chung Jae Ryoun Youn 《Fibers and Polymers》2002,3(4):159-168
Polyurethane foams were produced by using a homogenizer as a mixing equipment. Effects of stirring speed on the foam structure
were investigated with SEM observations. Variation of the bubble size, density of the foam, compressive strength, and thermal
conductivity were studied. A hybrid foam consisting of polyurethane foam and commercial polystyrene foam is produced. Mechanical
and thermal properties of the hybrid foam were compared with those of pure polyurethane foam. Advancement of flow front during
mold filling was observed by using a digital camcorder. Four types of mold geometry were used for mold filling experiments.
Flow during mold filling was analyzed by using a two-dimensional control volume finite element method. Variation of foam density
with respect to time was experimentally measured. Creeping flow, uniform density, uniform conversion, and uniform temperature
were assumed for the numerical simulation. It was assumed for the numerical analysis that the cavity has thin planar geometry
and the viscosity is constant. The theoretical predictions were compared with the experimental results and showed good agreement. 相似文献
998.
Biodegradable nanocomposites were prepared by mixing a polymer resin and layered silicates by the melt intercalation method.
Internal structure of the nanocomposite was characterized by using the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission
electron microscope (TEM). Nanocomposites having exfoliated and intercalated structures were obtained by employing two different
organically modified nanoclays. Rheological properties in shear and extensional flows and biodegradability of nanocomposites
were measured. In shear flow, shear thinning behavior and increased storage modulus were observed as the clay loading increased.
In extensional flow, strain hardening behavior was observed in well dispersed system. Nanocomposites with the exfoliated structure
had better biodegradability than nanocomposites with the intercalated structure or pure polymer. 相似文献
999.
Fusarium graminearum species complexes (FGSCs), such as Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum, are important pathogens that cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) in several cereal crops worldwide. In this study, we collected 342 gramineous weed samples in the proximity of rice fields from May to June 2018 in Korea. Among the 500 Fusarium isolates from the weed samples, 13 species of Fusarium were identified, and F. asiaticum (41.2%), F. avenaceum (18.0%), F. acuminatum (16.4%) and F. graminearum (14.8%) were the most frequently isolated. The trichothecene genotype analysis showed that 206 F. asiaticum strains consisted of the nivalenol (NIV) genotype (n = 195, 94.7%) and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) genotype (n = 11, 5.3%), whereas 74 F. graminearum strains consisted of the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) genotype (n = 58, 78.4%) and 3ADON genotype (n = 16, 21.6%). Geographical differences were observed in the FGSC and trichothecene genotype compositions, which appeared host-dependent between the southern provinces and mid-eastern provinces. The aggressiveness assessment of FHB showed that the 3ADON chemotype was most aggressive followed by the 15ADON and NIV chemotypes in wheat, while the NIV chemotype was most aggressive followed by the 3ADON and 15ADON chemotypes in rice. The F. asiaticum strains grew slowly and produced fewer conidia and perithecia than the F. graminearum strains, regardless of their chemotypes. The results of this study suggest that F. asiaticum with the NIV chemotype has a host preference for rice, and FHB-causing pathogens can be harboured in gramineous weeds, which play a role in the dispersal of FHB pathogens to rice and other cereal crops. 相似文献
1000.
Alizarin-series dyes (alizarin, alizarin red S, alizarin yellow GG, or mordant orange) are grafted onto shape memory polyurethane (PU) through an allophanate bonding, and the photoluminescence and the low-temperature flexibility of the resulting PUs are tested. The PU is mainly composed of 4,4′-methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) (MDI), poly (tetramethyleneglycol) (PTMG), and 1,4-butanediol (BD), and the dye is connected, through another MDI, to the carbamate moiety of the PU chain. The PUs with different dye contents are characterized, and their shape recovery and photoluminescence properties are compared. With respect to the tensile mechanical properties, the maximum stress increases up to 50 MPa, and the strain remains above 1000 % even after the dye is grafted onto the PU. The shape recovery is as high as 99 %, and the shape retention improves as the dye content increases. Finally, the photoluminescence of the PUs is demonstrated by the luminescent light emission test, and the dye-grafted PU shows excellent low-temperature flexibility compared with that of linear PU. 相似文献