Landscape Ecology - To analyze the scales at which landscape structure influences ecological processes, two approaches with different underlying ecological assumptions exist; the usual threshold... 相似文献
The mechanism of gluten network development is still unclear and remains difficult to study since gluten network formation in bread dough is a rather quick process. In order to better characterize this dynamic event, we slowed down its kinetics by increasing the dough water content. During mixing, performed with a planetary mixer at variable mixing speeds and flour/water ratios, the torque was recorded. Common flours from wheat cultivars Orvantis, Caphorn and Isengrain, similar in composition and Farinograph parameters, were studied. 相似文献
? Eperua grandiflora, which is widely distributed in the French Guiana forest region, shows high variability in decay resistance. Further information concerning this wood quality parameter is necessary, but standard testing methods are complex and time-consuming. We assessed the use of colorimetry to determine durability in heartwood samples from a range of trees.
? Eperua grandiflora colour parameters were measured using a CIELAB system, revealing that the tree effect was greater than the radial position and height effects.
? The wood samples were exposed to Coriolus versicolor and Antrodia sp. according to two European standards (En 350-1 and XP CEN TS 15083-1). Eperua grandiflora is more susceptible to brown rot. These two standards did not give the same durability classes. The high variation in natural durability was due to the tree effect.
? These two properties were found to be correlated and the assessment also distinguished the extreme durability classes but they are not sufficient to classify the class of durability of this species.
Cypermethrin is highly toxic to the honeybee Apis mellifera ligustica. The action of the chemical is rapid (within 2 days) and it has no long-term effects. The sensitivity of the bees increases with decrease in breeding temperature and with increasing age of the insect. The commercial formulation ‘QCymbush’ is repellent to bees: the effect appears to be due to the formulation ingredients because cypermethrin itself is not repellent. A floral odour lost its natural attractiveness in the presence of ‘Cymbush’. The repellency appears to persist for some 2 days after treatment, during which time the bees learnt to avoid the crop. No residues of cypermethrin were found in the hive products (pollen, wax or honey), nor in the oilseed rape at harvest. 相似文献
A cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2015 and January 2016 to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in cattle raised under communal, fenced farms and tethering systems and the associated factors. Seven hundred twenty-eight bovine sera were collected and tested with rose Bengal test as a screening test and the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a confirmatory test. Animal- and herd-level data were collected and binary logistic regression was used to assess the potential risk factors. True animal- and herd-level prevalence was highest in the fenced farms (4.5% (95%CI, 2.3–6.9) and 19.5% (95%CI, 8.2–32.7) respectively). The risks for natural brucellosis infection were sharing water with wild animals (OR = 0.21, 95%CI, 0.104–0.83), herd size (medium: OR = 0.089, 95%CI 0.017–0.449; large: OR = 0.024, 95%CI 0.003–0.203), fenced farms (OR = 3.7, 95% CI, 1.7–7.9), sex (OR = 0.03, 95%CI, 0.01–0.079), and lactation (OR = 0.013, 95%CI, 0.004–0.049). Changes in rangeland tenure and the shift towards intensive cattle production have influenced brucellosis epidemiology. Future studies should aim at identifying the infecting Brucellae and examining the role of wildlife in brucellosis epidemiology.