The effect of drying techniques on formononetin concentration in red clover

Oven-drying at 60°, 80° or 105°C was compared with microwave and freeze-drying as a method of preparing samples for the estimation of formononetin, the major oestrogenic factor in red clover. There was no significant difference in the formononetin concentration of clover samples either oven-dried at 60°C or freeze-dried. The formononetin concentration was reduced by drying at higher temperatures and by microwave-drying but was not affected by wilting for up to 8 h after harvesting. The routine determination of formononetin in ten varieties of red clover showed no significant differences between samples cold stored at – 18°C prior to oven-drying at 60°C and samples freeze-dried.     

The repair of humeral condylar fractures in the dog: a review of seventy-nine cases

The method of fixation of lateral condylar, medial condylar and intercondylar fractures of the humerus in 79 dogs is described. Follow-up examinations were carried out to evaluate the success of fracture repair.     

Synovial Fluid and Clinical Changes After Arthroscopic Partial Synovectomy of the Equine Middle Carpal Joint

Changes in synovial fluid and clinical variables after arthroscopic partial synovectomy of the middle carpal joint were studied in 12 normal horses. A 7 mm motorized synovial resector was inserted into each middle carpal joint; one middle carpal joint of each horse was randomly selected to have arthroscopic synovectomy (treated) and the opposite joint was lavaged (control). Lameness examinations and synovial fluid analyses were performed before operation and at 8, 14, 21, and 28 days after operation. Lameness variables did not differ between treated and control legs. Middle carpal and carpometacarpal joint circumference measurements were increased for 4 weeks. Synovial fluid specific gravity, pH, total protein, albumin concentration, and alpha-1-, beta- and gamma-globulin concentrations, at 8 and 14 days were significantly higher than before operation in both treated and control middle carpal joints. No significant differences were found between treated and control middle carpal joints at any time for color, clarity, pH, mucin clot formation, total protein, albumin, and globulin fractions. Arthroscopic partial synovectomy and lavage did not cause significant lameness and resulted in a synovitis indistinguishable from synovitis related to arthroscopic lavage alone.     

Mycoparasite-like behaviour of the plant pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum in vitro

Pythium aphanidermatum antagonized several other fungi after hyphal contact on films of water agar, recorded by video microscopy. It sometimes coiled round, penetrated and caused cytoplasmic coagulation of hyphae of the mycoparasites P. oligandrum, P. acanthophoron, P. mycoparasiticum and P. periplocum , but was not affected by them. It also coiled round, penetrated and coagulated P. ultimum, P. vexans, P. catenulatum, P. dissotocum and (infrequently) P. graminicola. It caused cytoplasmic coagulation of Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma aureoviride after contact, but without coiling. Six isolates of P. aphanidermatum behaved similarly, with a mode of action like that of the mycoparasite P. oligandrum but less rapid and consistent than this species. The results are discussed in relation to possible ecological roles of P. aphanidermatum.