侵染菜豆的番茄不孕病毒的研究简报

从北京田间表现系统花叶的菜豆上分离到一个病毒,繁殖在普通烟上,将接种后3～4周发病叶片,加0.5M柠檬酸缓冲液(pH6.5),内含0.5%巯基乙醇,捣碎,经氯仿乳化,低速离心后加10%PEG(M.W6000)和4%NaCl沉淀过夜,低速离心收集沉     

The effects of the supplementation of multi‐strain probiotics on intestinal microbiota,metabolites and inflammation of young SPF chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

This study assessed the effect of probiotics on cecal microbiota, cecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the gene expression of cytokines in young specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) chickens infected with S. enterica subsp. enterica. One‐day‐old SPF chickens (n = 105) were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups: control (Cont) group, Salmonella‐infected (Sal) group, and a Salmonella‐infected group treated with multi‐strain probiotics (ProSal group). All chickens except those in the Cont group were challenged orally with 1 × 10⁸ cfu/ml of Salmonella 4 days after hatching. Chickens in the Sal group exhibited more abundance of Proteobacteria than those in the Cont and ProSal groups. At the genus level, chickens in ProSal group exhibited increased numbers of Lactobacillus and Oscillospira compared with those in the other groups. Chickens in the ProSal group exhibited a significant increase of cecal SCFAs compared with chickens in the Sal group. Chickens in the ProSal group exhibited increased gene expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐10 and TGF‐β4, and decreased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, IFN‐γ, in the cecal tonsil compared with those in the Sal group. The results of this study indicated that the administration of probiotics can modulate microbiota, SCFAs, and immunomodulatory activity in SPF chickens.     

Genetic diversity in Polish hounds estimated by pedigree analysis

Data from 247 litters of Polish hounds born at 105 kennels between 1960 and 2004 was analysed in order to evaluate the genetic variability of the breed. The breed originated from 19 founders and the founder genome equivalent ranged from 2.043 to 1.287 over the span of forty-four years of breeding. The high imbalance of founder contributions to the gene pool was noted, with the dominant contribution of four founders. The low number of the founders and the high disproportion of particular dogs in breeding use resulted in the increasing value of inbreeding coefficient which ranged from 0.0771 to 0.370. The poor gene pool seems to be strictly connected to the deteriorating health of the population which draws into question the future of the breed.     

Genomic and phylogenetic characterization of Shewanella xiamenensis isolated from giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) in Taiwan

Shewanella xiamenensis is an emerging pathogen causing intra‐abdominal infection and intestinal colonization. Epidemiologic clues suggest its role as a potential food‐borne zoonotic agent. To date, four genome sequences of S. xiamenensis have been made publicly available. All of them were isolated from water samples. In this study, we characterized the genome of a S. xiamenensis strain isolated from a giant grouper in Taiwan. The genome of S. xiamenensis ZYW1 is 4,827,717 bp in length and encodes 4,239 open reading frames. Its genomic sequence shares high homology with other S. xiamenensis strains. bla_OXA‐416 was identified. This is the first detection of S. xiamenensis in Taiwan. These genomic data and analyses contribute to our understanding of S. xiamenensis and may help to elucidate disease‐causing mechanisms in future studies.     

杜仲组织培养的研究

以杜仲无菌苗的幼茎为外植体接种于MS培养基上,并附加相应的植物生长调节剂进行杜仲愈伤组织的诱导和增殖的研究;另外,对不同培养基、光照条件、pH值等理化因子对杜仲愈伤组织增殖的影响进行了研究。结果表明,MS培养基(0．8％琼脂 3％蔗糖)附加2．0 mg／L NAA 0．5 mg／L6-BA有利于杜仲愈伤组织的诱导。B5培养基(0．8％琼脂 3％蔗糖)附加1．0mg／LNAA 1．5mg／L6-BA,并控制pH值为6．5,12 h／d光照有利于愈伤组织的增殖。     

The effect of biostimulators on the content of crude oil and total protein in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the experimental factors on the seed quality of three winter oilseed rape cultivars. The following factors were studied: I-three winter oilseed rape morphotypes: population, hybrid restored characterised by a semi-dwarf growth pattern, hybrid restored characterised by a conventional growth pattern; II-two sowing methods: a spacing of 22.5?cm, a spacing of 45.0?cm; III-four types of biostimulants: control-no biostimulants, the biostimulant Tytanit^®, Asahi^®SL, Silvit^®. Seed samples were subjected to chemical analysis to determine: crude oil, total protein and crude fibre. Natural stimulants of plant growth and development contributed to an increase in crude oil ranging from 7.4 to 9.5?g?kg^–1 d.m., on average, compared with control. The biostimulants applied did not affect total protein content which was, however, affected by meteorological conditions in individual study years as well as the genetic factor. Biostimulants increased crude fibre content compared with control.     

粉垄耕作改良盐碱地效果及机理

在重度盐碱地上,采用粉垄专用机械2 a内耕作3次,并以拖拉机旋耕为对照,比较了两种耕作方式0～20、20～40、40～60 cm土层土壤容重、含盐量以及作物产量,探讨了粉垄耕作改良盐碱地的效果及其机理。结果表明:粉垄耕作3次,0～20 cm土壤容重由试验前的1.27 g/cm³降至1.06 g/cm³,降幅达16.54%;而对照土壤容重降至1.12 g/cm³,降幅为11.81%,粉垄耕作比对照降低29.1%。第1次耕作后,粉垄耕作土壤0～20、20～40和40～60 cm土层全盐量分别为8.6、5.7和4.4 g/kg,对照分别为9.2、4.9和4.2 g/kg,粉垄耕作较对照的变化幅度分别为–6.52%、16.32%和4.54%,第3次耕作种植夏玉米,粉垄耕作玉米产量(鲜重)为12 150 kg/hm²,比对照(7 020 kg/hm²)增产73.0%。试验结束时,0～20、20～40、40～60 cm土壤全盐含量粉垄耕作分别为4.3、7.2和4.9 g/kg,比对照(分别...     

Kinetics of the response of four positive acute phase proteins in pigs experimentally infected with toxigenic Pasteurella multocida

In the present study, acute phase proteins (APP) responses in pigs after infection with toxigenic strain of Pasteurella multocida (Pm) were evaluated. Twelve piglets from a herd free from toxigenic Pm were used. Six of them were infected intranasally with Pm. CRP, Hp, SAA and Pig-MAP concentrations were measured using commercial ELISA tests. CRP and Hp were significantly induced from 2 days post inoculation (dpi). The concentration of Hp in inoculated pigs remained elevated until the end of the study. The concentrations of SAA and Pig-MAP increased significantly from 3 dpi, and remained elevated to 5 or 7 dpi, respectively. Strong correlations were observed between concentration of Hp or SAA and changes in the lungs. No correlations were found between levels of APP in serum and changes observed in the turbinates. On the basis of our investigation, we cannot state that evaluation of APP concentrations in serum may provide useful information about severity of atrophic rhinitis. However, the concentration of all investigated APP increased after inoculation. Thus, APP-measurements may reveal ongoing infection. Monitoring of APP concentrations in the pig herds may help to pinpoint infected animals even before clinical signs are present. If found, these "APP-high" animals may be chosen next for pathogen-specific diagnostics. Early diagnosis and therapy may prevent the infection from spreading in the herd. Moreover, monitoring of APP concentrations in serum may be useful for selecting clinically healthy pigs before integration into an uninfected herd. Future studies should focus on the possibility of distinguishing infected and non-infected pigs under field conditions.     

海口市城市道路绿地景观特色探析

以文献和实例结合的方式简述海口市城市道路绿地建设概况、形成历程及主要特点,探析其绿地景观特色,以期对城市道路绿地建设有所帮助.