Imaging characteristics of the eyes of cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus): morphology and comparative biometric measurement

The aim of this study is to describe radiographic, ultrasonographic, and computed tomographic appearance of normal cinereous vulture’s eye and to determine normal biometric values of intraocular structures. Twenty-six eyes of thirteen healthy cinereous vultures were examined. Under general anesthesia with isoflurane, ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and skull radiography were performed. Differences between both eyes as well as between US and CT measurements were investigated and correlation of measurements between both eyes as well as correlation between CT and US measurements of the various ocular structures were calculated. Most of paired data did not show any significant differences between both eyes and the CT and US measurements, while there were significant differences (P<0.05) between CT and US measurements of depth of both vitreous and anterior chambers, and axial length of the lens in right eyes. There was also a significant difference (P<0.05) between both eyes in depth of vitreous measured by CT. All the measurements had strong correlations between both eyes and between US and CT. In conclusion, ocular imaging techniques provided useful data of biometry and morphology, showing good correlation between CT and US in cinereous vulture’s eye. Especially, when ophthalmoscopic examinations would not be available due to opaque anterior segment, imaging techniques could be essential for diagnosing and managing of the eye.     

14C-多菌灵在棉苗植株内的吸收、传导、分布和代谢研究

本研究采用~(14)C 标记的多菌灵,通过棉苗的叶部和根部两个途径分别给药处理,结果说明:多菌灵象其它许多内吸杀菌剂一样,在植物体中随蒸腾流可以在木质部内迅速传导,而在韧皮部内传导是相当微弱的。多菌灵在棉苗各个部位的代谢速度是不相同的。通过根部给药处理后14天,根部、茎部及叶部母体化合物(MBC)的含量分别为25.3%,32.3%和56.7%。多菌灵在棉苗根部降解速度最快,茎部次之,叶部最慢。多菌灵在棉苗中的整个代谢速度较缓慢,14天后仍有48.5%的原药留在棉苗中。其主要代谢产物是2-氨基-苯并咪唑(2-AB)和水溶性轭合物。     

黃瓜霜霉及白粉病的药剂防治試驗

 在馬連洼及肖家河两个试验中分别比较了热制铜皂液、波尔多液及代森锌对防治黄瓜霜霉病及白粉病所起的作用。试验中肯定了铜皂液(1:4:800,1:6:800)对霜霉病及白粉病都有一定的抑制作用,波尔多液(1:1.5:200-300)对霜霉病的抑制作用稍强于铜皂液,但对白粉病的抑制稍弱于铜皂液。苗期用铜皂液,后期用波尔多液可以获得很好的防治效果。在一个观察区中发现,冷制铜皂液有替代热制铜皂液的希望,因其药效及增产作用都不亚于后者。在多雨的情况下波尔多液中加入1:200的甲松皂可以增加其药效。     

山葡萄种内和种间杂交F1 ～F4 代果实酸和糖含量的遗传分析

 1973～2005年对我国东北地区山葡萄抗寒的种质资源(品种、品系) 进行种内杂交, 并与果实高糖低酸、不抗寒的欧亚种酿造葡萄品种进行种间杂交、回交和重复杂交(8种杂交模式) , 共73个组合, 杂种苗成活10 544株。共分离出低酸高糖3 049株, 占杂种苗总株数2819%。8种杂交模式果实总酸含量(低→高) 排列顺序是: (山—欧) F2 ×欧亚种→ (山—欧) F1 ×欧亚种→山葡萄×欧亚种→ (山—欧) F1 × (山—欧) F1 → (山—欧) F2 × (山—欧) F2 → (山—欧) F2 ×山葡萄→ (山—欧) F1 ×山葡萄→山葡萄×山葡萄。果实糖含量(高→低) 排列顺序是: (山—欧) F2 ×欧亚种→ (山—欧) F1 ×欧亚种→ (山—欧) F2 × (山—欧) F2 → (山—欧) F1 × (山—欧) F1 →山葡萄×欧亚种→ (山—欧) F1 ×山葡萄→ (山—欧) F2 ×山葡萄→山葡萄×山葡萄。遗传规律是: 山葡萄种内和种间杂交后代( F1 ～F4 )果实总酸和糖含量性状分离, 表现为连续分布, 趋向于高酸和低糖亲本, 杂交组合中高酸低糖亲本越多,分离出的高酸低糖单株越多, 为多基因控制的数量性状遗传。已从(山—欧) F1 ×山葡萄、(山—欧) F1× (山—欧) F1和(山—欧) F2 × (山—欧) F2 杂交模式中选育出酿造干红山葡萄酒新品种‘左优红’、品系94-7-75、94-8-168、98-17-121和酿造冰红酒新品系2002-1-135。     

Electroacupuncture at the Zusanli and Baihui acupoints ameliorates type-2 diabetes-induced reductions in proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts in the hippocampal dentate gyrus with increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels

In the current study, we investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) can inhibit pathological reductions in neurogenesis. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats at 7 weeks of age were anesthetized with zoletil, and sham-acupuncture or EA at the Zusanli (ST36) and Baihui (GV20) acupoints was administered once a day for 5 weeks. In the ZDF group that received sham-EA (ZDF-Sham group), the blood glucose level was significantly increased together with age as compared to the control littermates [Zucker lean control (ZLC) rat]. In contrast, proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts were significantly decreased in the ZDF-Sham group compared to the ZLC group. Although EA treatment decreased blood glucose levels, this was not statistically significant when compared to blood glucose levels changes in the ZDF-Sham group. However, proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts were significantly increased with EA in ZDF rats as compared to those in the ZDF-Sham group. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were significantly decreased in hippocampal homogenates of ZDF-Sham group compared to those in the ZLC group. The EA treatment significantly increased the BDNF levels compared to those in the ZDF-Sham group, and BDNF levels in this group were similar to those in the ZLC group. These results suggest that EA at ST36 and GV20 can ameliorate the reductions in proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus induced by type-2 diabetes without significantly reducing blood glucose levels with increasing BDNF levels.     

松辽黑猪血液蛋白质多态性的研究

本研究采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)法检测了松辽黑猪28个样本的13个血清蛋白(酶)位点。结果表明:除Alb、Pa2、Cp为单态外,Pa1、Po1、Po2、Tf、Ptf、Akp、Hpx、Am1、Am2、Es均存在多态性,分别受2～4个等位基因控制。卡方检验结果表明,Pa1、Pa2、Ptf、Akp不处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,其余的Po1、Po2、Tf、Am1、Am2、Hpx、Es都处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。松辽黑猪群体内有效等位基因数、遗传杂合度、以及遗传均质度分别为2.077 9、0.508 3和0.128 8。     

两个双矮地方种质中新矮生基因的遗传和等位性分析

对黔农和特矮两个双矮地方种质株高性状的遗传分析结果表明,黔农和特矮的矮生性均由2对隐性矮生基因控制,其中各有1对矮生基因与sd-1等位,另1对与sd-1不等位。黔农中两对矮生基因降低株高的效应不同,与sd-1不等位的矮生基因控制的株高比sd-1略矮;而特矮的两对矮生基因具有相同的降低株高效应。将分别来自黔农和特矮的携带新半矮生基因的材料命名为“新黔矮”和“新特矮”,各携带新的半矮生基因sd-q(t)和sd-e(t);其中新黔矮携带sd-q(t)与sd-g(t)等6个矮秆半矮秆基因均不等位。新黔矮在每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重等农艺性状上表现较好,有希望应用在育种和生产上替代sd-1。     

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of shrimp chitosan against some intestinal bacteria

ABSTRACT:   The effects of shrimp chitosan with deacetylation degrees (DD) of 50%, 70% and 95% (DD50, DD70, DD95) on the growth of the intestinal bacteria were investigated in vitro in the laboratory media, and in vivo by an oral feeding test using hamsters as the animal model. The antibacterial activities of these chitosan products against one strain of pathogenic Clostridium perfringens and 13 strains of probiotics, including seven strains of Lactobacillus , and six strains of Bifidobacterium were evaluated. In vitro , the antibacterial activities of DD95 and DD70 were much higher than that of DD50. The strains of probiotics were more resistant to chitosan than the pathogen of C .  perfringens . The minimal lethal concentration for DD95 against C. perfringens was 250 p.p.m., whereas the survival percentages for most probiotics tested were above 90% for DD95 at 500 p.p.m. The animals were fed on either a control diet, or diets containing powdered chitosan instead of 5% cellulose in the control diet for 4 weeks. The cecal bacterial counts of total aerobes, total anaerobes, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and clostridia were similar for the control and experimental groups. The reasons for the differences in the antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo are discussed.     

马铃薯晚疫病中心病株形成的观察

 自从1953年以来,我们注意到马铃薯晚疫病的流行无例外地是以少数的中心病株的出现并逐步往周围传染而开始的^[1]。去年许多地区应用观察中心病株的方法作为预测预报的根据也都获得了成功^[3]。     

Overexpression of OCT4A ortholog elevates endogenous XIST in porcine parthenogenic blastocysts

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an epigenetic process that equalizes expression of X-borne genes between male and female eutherians. This process is observed in early eutherian embryo development in a species-specific manner. Until recently, various pluripotent factors have been suggested to regulate the process of XCI by repressing XIST expression, which is the master inducer for XCI. Recent insights into the process and its regulation have been restricted in mouse species despite the evolutionary diversity of the process and molecular mechanism among the species. OCT4A is one of the represented pluripotent factors, the gate-keeper for maintaining pluripotency, and an XIST repressor. Therefore, in here, we examined the relation between OCT4A and X-linked genes in porcine preimplantation embryos. Three X-linked genes, XIST, LOC102165544, and RLIM, were selected in present study because their orthologues have been known to regulate XCI in mice. Expression levels of OCT4A were positively correlated with XIST and LOC102165544 in female blastocysts. Furthermore, overexpression of exogenous human OCT4A in cleaved parthenotes generated blastocysts with increased XIST expression levels. However, increased XIST expression was not observed when exogenous OCT4A was obtained from early blastocysts. These results suggest the possibility that OCT4A would be directly or indirectly involved in XIST expression in earlier stage porcine embryos rather than blastocysts.