Validation of the accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort: a Fijian case study

Abstract  The accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort and seafood consumption on the Fijian island of Ono-i-Lau was studied. A creel survey was carried out concurrently to validate the household survey data. Reported estimates of fishing participation, effort, and fish consumption were not significantly different to the creel survey estimates. Householder's appeared to overestimate the number of fish from the most abundant family Lethrinidae, and underestimate rarer fish. However, there was no significant difference between the reported and observed contribution of the majority of finfish families and invertebrate taxa. The reported and observed catch rate estimates were not significantly different, indicating that Ono-i-Lau villagers are relatively accurate in their estimation of the number and size of fish from recalled catches.     

5%高渗腈菌唑乳油气相色谱分析方法研究

采用毛细管柱气相色谱法对腈菌唑和氮酮进行定量分析。该方法简单、快速、准确、实用。标准偏差分别为0.027、0.024，变异系数为0.52%、1.15%，回收率分别为99.85-99.90%,99.5-99.9%之间，线性相关系数分别为0.9996、0.9994。     

Verification by polymerase chain reaction of vertical transmission of Theileria sergenti in cows

To evaluate the transplacental transfer of Theileria sergenti infection in cattle, we used DNA probes to detect T. sergenti in 6 pregnant cows and their calves. All the animals were monitored by parasitologic, serologic, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for a predicted 875-base-pair (bp) DNA product and a 684-bp amplicon detected by nested PCR in the blood and spleens of aborted fetuses. An open reading frame (ORF) starting at nucleotide 170 and terminating at position 1021 was shown to code for a polypeptide of 283 amino acid residues. All 6 dams and 5 calves were positive for T. sergenti in all tests. One calf was positive only with nested PCR. We conclude that transplacental transmission of T. sergenti is a significant problem. The relevance of the data in the programmed introduction of new (especially pregnant) animals into established clean herds needs serious consideration with regard to control of theileriosis and other tickborne diseases.     

高温环境如何影响母猪的泌乳性能(续完)

高温环境对甲状腺素值的影响还不清楚。在泌乳期间 ,饲养于 30℃的母猪与饲养于 2 0℃和 2 2℃的母猪相比 ,观察到甲状腺素的分泌不受影响(Prunier等 ,1997) ,降低不显著 (Barb等 ,1991)或显著降低 (MessiasdeBraganca等 ,1998)。刚断奶时 ,饲养于 30℃和饲养于 2 0℃的母猪 ,甲状腺素的浓度相近 ,而以后 (断奶后 8～ 12天 )则以饲养于30℃条件下者的甲状腺素浓度较低 (Prunier等 ,1997;MessiasdeBraganca等 ,1998)。高温对三碘甲状腺素浓度的影响比较明显 ,而在热应激期间 ,无论是泌乳母猪还是断奶后母猪 ,三碘甲状腺素的浓度都降低 (P…     

太阳黑子活动与森林病虫害暴发成灾的分析

本文对太阳黑子活动与当地森林病虫害暴发成灾的相关关系进行了分析，在太阳黑子峰年和谷年前后，常引起病虫害的大发生。     

Leishmaniasis phytotherapy. Nature's leadership against an ancient disease.

The use of phytotherapy to treat human diseases has its roots in pre-historical times. Despite the modern advances achieved in the field of synthetic chemistry, the most efficient drugs available have their genesis directly or indirectly related with the vegetal kingdom. Indigenous communities have long used plant extracts to treat illnesses. Many of these extracts have shown effective action, with new bioactive compounds being extracted and screened every year. These extracts have also proven to be good sources of therapeutic agents to the treatment of Leishmaniasis. This work highlights some of these agents, while trying to emphasize the importance of plants as a source of new and powerful drugs against this widespread disease.     

Fireblight situation in Bulgaria and measures undertaken by the NPPO1

Fireblight disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora was first detected in Bulgaria on quince in the region of Plovdiv in 1989. The disease was initially localized in that area but, during 1995/1997, due to favourable climate conditions, it became epidemic. Infected trees were grubbed out and destroyed. The main hosts are quince and pear (over 40% of affected trees), then apple, medlar and Cotoneaster. Containment measures undertaken by the Bulgarian NPPO are laid down in the Plant Protection Law, in Phytosanitary Regulation no. 1 for phytosanitary control, and in Phytosanitary Regulation no. 5 of 1996 (amended 1997) for containment of fireblight. Phytosanitary control is mainly focused on fruit‐tree nurseries and on the distribution of healthy plants for planting. In 2003, 41 protected zones and 29 protected sectors within infested areas have been established.     

An evaluation of the pesera soil erosion model and its application to a case study in Zakynthos, Greece

Abstract. The Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (pesera ) model was evaluated using existing soil erosion data collected under various types of climate, vegetation, landscape and soil conditions. The data used represent a variety of typical Mediterranean land uses such as winter wheat, vines, olives and bare, stony land prevailing in hilly areas. Using this data, the model was calibrated for sediment transport by overland flow and results compared to measured soil erosion values from runoff plots and a watershed on a monthly basis. The performance of the model was assessed statistically, showing that it can be satisfactorily used for predicting soil erosion rates under the conditions included in the study. The overall model estimate including all the available experimental data was 0.69 t ha^?1 yr^?1 with a maximum error of 1.49 t ha^?1 yr^?1. After validation, the model was applied to a small watershed (60 ha) of great ecological importance for the sea turtle Caretta caretta. For this purpose, soil and vegetation maps were compiled from all the necessary data for applying the model. The model was run for three years using daily data from an existing nearby meteorological station. The predicted and measured soil erosion rates for a 7‐month period were 0.31 t and 0.18 t, respectively. Application of the model to each mapping unit showed the over‐riding importance of land use for sediment generation under the given climatic conditions. Bare land, occupying 5.5% of the watershed area, generated up to 69% of the total sediments estimated for the watershed. It is concluded that the pesera model can be used as a regional diagnostic tool under a range of soil, topographic and climatic conditions for identifying the best land use type and vegetation cover to protect hilly areas from soil erosion. The calculated overall root mean square error for the model is 0.06 t ha^?1 yr^?1, compared to a soil erosion rate of 0.04 t ha^?1 yr^?1, which can be tolerated for protecting the area for the sea turtle.