Biological Pretreatment Processes of Nitrilon Wastewater

The nitrilon wastewater was pretreated with aerobic activated sludge, suspended carrier expanded bed and anaerobic biological reactor. The results showed that the aerobic activated sludge was unfit for treating nitrilon wastewater due to its CN - toxicity and high concentration of difficult degraded organic matter. With the increase of operational time, the activity of sludge lost gradually and a lot of microbe died. The effect of suspended carrier expanded bed treating nitrilon wastewater was worse and the removal efficiency of contaminated matter was under 15%. The anaerobic biological reactor was good at treating nitrilon wastewater and the removal efficiency of contaminated matter was up to 35%. Meanwhile the wastewater quality was improved and the biochemical performance of nitrilon wastewater was enhanced, which were beneficial for advanced treatment to nitrilon wastewater by sequential biological treating processes.     

京沪穗三地近十年夜间热力景观格局演变对比研究

城市热环境是城市生态环境的重要方面,它与城市气候、城市生态、城市灾害有着重要的联系.以北京、上海、广州三地为研究区,选取近10年MODIS的夜晚地表温度(LST)产品MOD11A2,分别采用质心迁移、景观格局指数、空间自相关方法研究京沪穗三地近10年的不同等级热力景观质心迁移演变、格局变迁和空间集聚特征.主要结论为:三地热力景观随郊区向市中心趋近,体现了由低温区、次中温区向中温区、次高温区、高温区过渡的趋势;三地的中温区所占比例最大,城市热力景观破碎度三地中上海市最高,5种热力景观比较,次中温区和高温区的破碎度最高;城市热力景观离散度三地中北京市最高,低温区和高温区的离散度较高.热环境空间自相关分析表明三地均以高温-高温区,低温-低温区集聚为主,北京、广州高温-高温区分布于南部,且集中成片分布,而上海市高温-高温区分布比较离散,相对较为复杂.从分布面积来说,10a中北京、上海表现为先减少后增加,而广州则持续减少.总体而言北京热环境恶化,而广州、上海热环境有所好转.     

吉林省西部重点农业开发区水田发展灰色预测与对策

本文通过该区水田发展中的投资、水田开发面积、水稻单产与总产、化肥用量等主要因分的灰色量化动态关联分析和GM(1,N)协调分析,论证了今后应注重调控的因子——提高亩产与化肥用量。通过GM(1,1)残差模型、非等维新息增长模型、GM(2,1)模型等预测了1992—1995年该区水田开发面积、水稻总产、化肥用量等,为政府决策与管理提供依据。     

NaHCO3对小麦种子萌发特性的影响

本文研究了NaHCO3对小麦种子萌发的影响，结果表明NaHCO3对小麦种子萌发有明显的抑制作用。NaHCO3浓度为0．3mol/L时，萌发抑制率为54％，0．4mol/L是，抑制萌发率可达90％以上，当NaHCO3浓度达到0．5mol/L时，可完全抑制麦种的萌发，NaHCO3对小麦胚根的抑制高于对胚芽的抑制，胚芽生长为对照长度的0－36％，而胚根生长只为对照长度的0％－17％，处理后96h，对照发根数已经具有5条，而NaHCO3不同处理的发根只有0到4条，随着NaHCO3浓度的增加，主胚根长度，牙长度，发根数和α－淀粉酶活性均呈下降趋势。     

应用心电图分析肉鸡腹水症

对两批肉鸡（一批１２０只，另一批６０只）进行心电图监测，每周测１次，每次每批１５只，最后对确定为腹水症的肉鸡心电图进行统计分析。结果表明，腹水症病鸡心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ导联的平均组合向量（ＭＲＶ）、心功能指数（ＣＩ）和Ⅱ导联Ｓ波振幅（Ⅱ－Ｓ）极显著地高于心扩张病鸡和对照组肉鸡（Ｐ＜０．０１）；心扩张病鸡亦极显著地高于对照组肉鸡（Ｐ＜０．０１）。因此，肉鸡心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ导联的ＭＲＶ、ＣＩ和Ⅱ－Ｓ可作为诊断肉鸡     

25%啶菌恶唑乳油及其复配制剂对灰霉病的防治效果

对25%啶菌恶唑EC及其与乙霉威、福美双复配后的制剂30%啶菌恶唑·乙霉威SC、40%啶菌恶唑·福美双SE防治灰霉病的效果进行了评价,两年的试验结果均表明,25%啶菌恶唑EC防治灰霉病效果明显,最高防效达80.80%,且复配后的两种制剂均具有明显增效作用,是蔬菜上防治灰霉病的优良杀菌剂。     

玉米立茬与粉碎秸秆覆盖对生长季土壤呼吸的影响

农田土壤呼吸(Rs)是全球CO_2循环的重要组成部分,生长季土壤呼吸对于作物的产量有巨大的影响,同时,作物残茬的覆盖模式会影响土壤呼吸。该文应用了粉碎秸秆覆盖地表(SH)和立茬覆盖地表(ST)是两种主流的作物残茬覆盖地表模式,自2000年起,玉米收获之后,在试验地块施用这2种作物残茬覆盖地表的模式。自2013年开始,在试验地块测量每年冬季的土壤结冻深度,积雪的厚度与CO_2通量,土壤温度与湿度。总土壤呼吸分为异养呼吸(HR)和根际呼吸(RR),该文使用放射性碳标记技术和数学方程计算异养呼吸和根际呼吸的CO_2通量。试验结果显示,与SH处理相比,ST处理地表平均积雪厚度可以增加44%,最大土壤冻深降低18%,并且冻土完全融化的时间将提前10到27 d。ST与SH的平均CO_2通量分别为16.55和14.02 mmol/m~2h。对于整个生长季,SH与ST的土壤呼吸差别在生长季开始和结束时期较小,在生长季的中期较大。ST的平均Rs比SH多3.3 mmol/m~2h,在ST中,HR是Rs的主要构成部分,而RR只约占总土壤呼吸10%。冗余分析结果显示,Rs和HR与土壤温度和积雪厚度呈正相关,与冻土深度呈负相关。该文的研究结果显示相比较于粉碎秸秆残茬覆盖,立茬覆盖地表有利于提高生长季的土壤呼吸,可为玉米的光合作用提供较多CO_2,这将有利于作物增产。     

Miscibility,Crystallization Behaviors and Toughening Mechanism of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends

Blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were prepared by melt compounding. The miscibility, crystallization behaviors and toughening mechanism of the PBT/TPU blends were studied. Dynamic mechanical analysis results demonstrated that PBT was immiscible with TPU. Differential scanning calorimetry and wide angle X-ray diffraction results showed that the crystallinity of PBT decreased with increasing TPU content. Furthermore, blending with TPU did not modify the crystal structure of PBT. The small angle X-ray scattering results indicated that the crystal layer thickness decreased and the amorphous layer thickness increased with increasing TPU content, indicating that TPU mainly resided in the interlamellar region of PBT spherulites in the blends. An obvious improvement in toughness of PBT was achieved with addition of TPU. Neat PBT had elongation at break and impact strength of about 15 % and 2.9 kJ/m², respectively. However, the elongation at break and impact strength of the 70/30 PBT/TPU blend reached 410 % and 62.9 kJ/m², respectively. The morphology of the PBT/TPU blends after tensile and impact tests was investigated, and the corresponding toughening mechanism is discussed. It was found that the PBT showed obvious shear yielding in the blend during the tensile and impact tests, which induced dissipation of energy and, therefore, led to the improvement in toughness of the PBT/TPU blends.     

非淀粉多糖对肉鸡生长和发育的影响

本研究评估了低水平水溶性、碱提取戊聚糖和木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能、器官发育和肠道内容物黏度、pH和微生物数量的影响。试验选择平均体重一致的1日龄肉仔鸡504只,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复18只。对照组饲喂基础日粮、处理组饲喂基础日粮+40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖、基础日粮+80 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖、基础日粮+40 mg/kg碱提取戊聚糖、基础日粮+80 mg/kg碱提取戊聚糖、基础日粮+2 mg/kg木聚糖酶、基础日粮+4 mg/kg木聚糖酶。结果:从第5~15天,对照组和处理组的体重、法氏囊、肌胃和肠道重量逐渐增加。与对照组相比,40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖组体重、法氏囊、前胃和肠道重量的均值显著提高(P<0.05)。4 mg/kg木聚糖酶组法氏囊和肌胃平均重量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2 mg/kg木聚糖酶组较40和80 mg/kg碱提取物戊聚糖组显著降低了5~15 d回肠内容物黏度(P<0.05),2 mg/kg木聚糖酶和对照组5和10 d回肠和盲肠内容物pH最低(P<0.05)。40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖组及2和4 mg/kg木聚糖酶组直肠乳酸杆菌数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),同时40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖组直肠链球菌和大肠杆菌数量最低(P<0.05)。结论:在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加水溶性戊聚糖或木聚糖酶可以改善肉鸡体重,其中40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖可以促进肉鸡器官发育。     

Fabrication of superhydrophobic cellulose/chitosan composite aerogel for oil/water separation

Superhydrophobic cellulose and chitosan composite aerogel (SCECS) is fabricated through a novel and simple approach for the first time. During the preparation of cellulose and chitosan composite aerogel (CECS), chitosan is selfassemble into number micron-diameter particles on the surface of aerogel, which is similar to the micromorphology of a lotus leaf. Based on the rough surface, CECS is modified by sodium stearate through electrostatic interaction and ion exchange. Water contact angles of 156° are obtained for superhydrophobic aerogel. SCECS can remove various oils from water and with absorption capacities of 10 g/g for oil. Furthermore, the special structure of a non-porous of surface and porous layer of internal is benefit to separate surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions under gravity.