Effects of whey protein concentrate (WPC) on the distributions of lymphocyte subpopulations in rats with excessive alcohol intake

To investigate the effects of whey protein concentrate (WPC) on antioxidant statuses and the lymphocyte subpopulations in the rats with alcohol intake, the antioxidant statuses in the peripheral blood (PB) and the lymphocyte subpopulations in the PB, spleen, and bone marrow (BM) of the rats fed with WPC (0.334 g/kg) and alcohol (6 g/kg) for 3 months were analyzed. Results showed that the effects of WPC on the glutathione peroxidase and glutathione in the PB, the T and B cells in the spleen, and the B cells in the BM were more apparent in the rats with alcohol intake; however, they are not apparent in the controls. Taken together, our results indicated that the immunity of rats might be enhanced by the increased antioxidant ability after WPC supplementation and the effects of WPC on the lymphocyte subpopulations were mainly in the spleen and BM and not in the PB.     

Ursolic acid induces allograft inflammatory factor-1 expression via a nitric oxide-related mechanism and increases neovascularization

Ursolic acid (UA), a triterpenoid compound found in plants, is used in the human diet and in medicinal herbs and possesses a wide range of biological benefits including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic effects. Endothelial expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) mediates vasculogenesis, and nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO (eNOS) represents a mechanism of vascular protection. It is unclear whether UA affects the neovascularization mediated by AIF-1 and eNOS expression. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of UA on angiogenesis in vivo in hind limb ischemic animal models and in vitro in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCECs). This study explored the impact of UA on endothelial cell (EC) activities in vitro in HCECs, vascular neovasculogenesis in vivo in a mouse hind limb ischemia model, and the possible role of AIF-1 in vasculogenesis. The results demonstrate that UA enhances collateral blood flow recovery through induction of neovascularization in a hind limb ischemia mouse model. In vitro data showed that UA increases tube formation and migration capacities in human endothelial cells, and exposing HCECs to UA increased AIF-1 expression through a NO-related mechanism. Moreover, UA administration increased capillary density and eNOS and AIF-1 expression in ischemic muscle. These findings suggest that UA may be a potential therapeutic agent in the induction of neovascularization and provide a novel mechanistic insight into the potential effects of UA on ischemic vascular diseases.     

三位液压换向滑阀对中性对其内泄漏量的影响

在试验基础上，提出了三位换向滑阀对中误差概念，得出了对中误差与内泄漏量的关系，并与理论计算进行了比较，据此提出了按配合间隙划分对中误差的要求及元件生产中的改进意见，以提高液压元件成批生产合格率和拓宽元件维修思路。     

Genomewide association analysis of salt tolerance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Salinity is a common abiotic stress causing soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield loss worldwide. The use of tolerant cultivars is an effective and economic approach to coping with this stress. Towards this, research is needed to identify salt‐tolerant germplasm and better understand the genetic and molecular basis of salt tolerance in soybean. The objectives of this study were to identify salt‐tolerant genotypes, to search for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and QTLs associated with salt tolerance. A total of 192 diverse soybean lines and cultivars were screened for salt tolerance in the glasshouse based on visual leaf scorch scores after 15–18 days of 120 mM NaCl stress. These genotypes were further genotyped using the SoySNP50K iSelect BeadChip. Genomewide association mapping showed that 62 SNP markers representing six genomic regions on chromosomes (Chr.) 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 18, respectively, were significantly associated with salt tolerance (p < 0.001). A total of 52 SNP markers on Chr. 3 are mapped at or near the major salt tolerance QTL previously identified in S‐100 (Lee et al., 2014). Three SNPs on Chr. 18 map near the salt tolerance QTL previously identified in Nannong1138‐2 (Chen, Cui, Fu, Gai, & Yu, 2008). The other significant SNPs represent four putative minor QTLs for salt tolerance, newly identified in this study. The results above lay the foundation for fine mapping, cloning and molecular breeding for soybean salt tolerance.     

基于温度植被干旱指数的曲靖市干旱监测研究

本研究利用MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(Ts)产品数据,构建Ts-NDVI特征空间,计算温度植被干旱指数(TVDI),分析评价云南曲靖市2010—2012年的干旱时空分布状况。结果表明,2010年曲靖市遭遇了非常严重的干旱灾害,受灾面积高达研究区总面积的80%以上,基于TVDI指数的旱情动态监测方法适合云南省曲靖干旱监测。本研究建立的温度植被干旱指数模型提高了干旱监测的实用性,在曲靖市干旱监测上具有很好的适应性,可以广泛应用到该地区干旱监测研究中,为曲靖的农业防灾减灾能力和可持续发展提供科学保障。     

稻田养鸭对稻飞虱的控制作用

为了探明稻田养鸭对水稻病虫害的控制作用,于2003年4至11月在湖南省桃江县建立稻田养鸭试验示范区．研究结果表明,在中稻田,放鸭区第四代、第五代稻飞虱百蔸虫量较空白区虫量下降70．2％和72．4％;晚稻田养鸭区第四代、第五代稻飞虱虫量较空白区下降56．2％和64．7％,表明稻鸭共栖对稻飞虱起到了稳定、持久的控制作用．放鸭区不需用药防治稻飞虱,经济效益明显．     

Hypertonic NaCl-NaAc improves the microcirculation in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock

AIM: To study the effects of hypertonic NaCl-NaAc on microcirculation in hemorrhage-shocked rats.METHODS: SD rats were randomized into three groups of 7.5% NaCl(hypertonic saline, HS), 5% NaCl-3.5% NaAc(hypertonic sodium acetate, HSA) and 0.9% NaCl(normal saline, NS). 4 mL/kg HS, HSA or NS was given intravenously following hemorrhagic shock. The microcirculation of spinotrapezius muscle was observed.RESULTS: HS increased mean aortic pressure more significant than HSA. Variables including arteriolar and venular diameter, velocity and volumetric flow rate and open capillaries were increased and erythrocyte aggregation was decreased in 5 min after resuscitation with both HS and HSA solutions.5 min later, variables were deteriorated in HS group.After local treatment, arteriolar and venular diameters were dilated significantly in HSA group.CONCLUSION:HSA had superior effects to HS in improving microcirculation of hemorrhage-shocked rats.     

宁夏经济的亚"中心-周边"结构与区域可持续发展

在当今全球经济一体化的大趋势下，如何抓住历史机遇、迎击挑战、缩小区域内部及区域之间的差距，促进区域经济协调发展，是区域经济学等学科研究的重要课题之一。以全国大的中心、周边关系为背景，运用亚“中心-周边”结构理论、可持续发展理论等，采用规范和实证的方法、区域比较法、个量与总量结合法、定性与定量结合法，从市县域层次分析了宁夏经济的亚“中心-周边”结构、“中心-周边”关系的发展变化及未来发展趋势，接着从自然条件、区位、资源、政策等方面剖析了造成宁夏当今及未来的中心、周边差异及两极分化趋势存在并进一步恶化的原因。最后，提出了消散周边地区、促进宁夏可持续发展的对策。     

电喷雾萃取及电离质谱法分析大豆水提液快速鉴别种子活力

为快速评价大豆种子活力,该文以人工加速老化后的大豆种子为原料,采用电喷雾萃取电离质谱（extractive electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry,EESI-MS）直接检测不同活力大豆种子水提液,获得其正离子模式下指纹图谱,结合主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）、聚类分析（cluster analysis,CA）和判别分析（discriminant analysis, DA）,建立鉴别大豆种子活力的方法。结果表明,在正离子模式下,电喷雾萃取电离质谱结合多变量分析方法可以有效鉴别不同活力大豆种子。主成分分析提取了前3个主成分因子,累计贡献率达到94.80%,聚类分析和判别分析的正确率都为100%,对外部验证样本进行判别分析,正确率为95%。电喷雾萃取电离质谱能快速鉴别不同活力大豆种子,为种子活力检测提供了一种快速、准确、高效的新方法。     

充分灌与调亏灌溉条件下苹果树微喷灌的耗水量研究

田间试验设置有两个处理：整个生育期以蒸发量的80％灌溉的充分灌处理；6月中旬到7月中旬以蒸发量的40％灌溉，而其它季节恢复以蒸发量的80％灌溉的调亏灌溉处理（RDI）。 试验得出了苹果树微喷灌在上述两种灌溉条件下不同生育期的日均耗水量与蒸发皿系数。与充分灌比较，调亏灌溉处理的产量基本上没有受到影响，而灌水量减少了17%～20％，耗水量减少了10.2%～11.2%，并有效地抑制了枝条生长。