皮下包埋两性霉素B对兔真菌性皮肤病治疗效果研究

兔真菌性皮肤病是一类传染性极强的人畜共患接触性皮肤病。试验选取体重相近,已感染真菌性皮肤病的吉戎兔15只,分为3组,每组5只,试验组Ⅰ为对照组,注射生理盐水,组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ皮下分别包埋5mg和10mg的两性霉素颗粒剂。给药前和给药后第10天、第20天和第30天分别称重,并观察测定兔皮毛生长及秃斑恢复情况。结果表明,试验组兔增重均高于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05),试验末期组II和组Ⅲ秃斑恢复分别达95%和90%。因此,采用皮下包埋的给药方式有效地延长了两性霉素B的药效时间,可有效治愈兔真菌性皮肤病。     

Comparison of morphology, viability, and function between blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats

The morphological features of blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats were compared using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry in order to investigate the cytological changes of neutrophils after migration into the mammary gland. The kinetics of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generation and gelatinase release of blood and milk neutrophils, with or without stimulation of phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate ester (PMA), were used to characterize their responses to inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils isolated from goat milk were highly segmented and contained multi-lobed nuclei. Ultrastructurally, milk neutrophils were more ruffled on the surface compared to blood neutrophils. Approximately 30% of milk neutrophils were undergoing cell death, either necrosis or apoptosis, in contrast to 8% of blood neutrophils. The ROI production of activated milk neutrophils peaked earlier than blood neutrophils, but the duration and the intensity were much less. Neutrophils from both sources augmented the release of gelatinase in response to PMA (1 ng/mL). However, the amount of gelatinase released from milk neutrophils was lower (P < 0.05) than that of blood neutrophils. In summary, more neutrophils become apoptotic and necrotic in the mammary gland, presumably due to spontaneous aging, the process of diapedesis, and the interaction with milk components. Milk neutrophils have impaired functionalities in comparison with blood neutrophils. The information is relevant when studying mammary gland immunity and related diseases, such as mastitis.     

Intramammary infusion of an Enterococcus faecium SF68 preparation promoted the involution of drying off Holstein cows partly related to neutrophil‐associated matrix metalloproteinase 9

A problem for dairy cows following milk stasis is to cope with a high risk of intramammary infection and there is a need to initiate an extensive renewal of secretory modules in mammary glands so that milk production in next lactation may be optimized. We recently reported that ultrasonicated Enterococcus faecium SF68 (SF68) is compatible with cow mammary glands and an enhancer of innate immunity during the immediate post‐milk stasis period. The current study further examines the concomitant effect of ultrasonicated SF68 on mammary tissue remodeling. Four Holstein cows each received intramammary infusions of regular antibiotic dry‐cow formula (positive control) and two different doses of SF68 in different quarters. Analyses of individual quarter secretion samples showed faster neutrophil infiltration, earlier modifications in protein composition, including caseins and lactoferrins, as well as more prompt elevation of the specific unit of 92‐kDa matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in SF68‐infused quarters compared to the positive controls. Intramammary infusion of ultrasonicated SF68 seems able to accelerate the regression of mammary synthetic capacity and potentiate the breakdown of glandular extracellular matrix, indicating a more efficient mammary gland involution. Correlation analyses imply that the ability of ultrasonicated SF68 to induce faster neutrophil chemotaxis and the associated MMP9 release is partly responsible.     

花卉培育温室大棚换气调温系统——基于变频调速技术

换气调温是花卉培育的关键因素之一。变频调速技术以其高可靠性及优良的控制性能，可以作为自动换气调温系统应用在花卉培育温室大棚中。为此，详细叙述了换气调温系统的设备组成和工作原理；重点介绍了变频调速器的选择和控制；给出了测温电路图、运行模式图和变频调速器的接线图。应用结果表明：该系统调温控制稳定，节能效果显著、保护功能充实，具有很好的应用前景和推广价值。     

威提特东非狼尾草种子生产技术的研究

比较了4种土壤类型和3种留茬高度对威提特东非狼尾草(Pennisetum clandestinum cv. Whittet)种子产量和质量的影响。结果表明:以单因素而言,生土处理和0.05 m留茬高度处理所获得的平均种子产量最高;两因素处理的结果表明,以生土和0.05 m留茬高度互作后所获得的种子产量最高,其种子产量达447kg/hm2;各土壤类型和不同留茬高度的处理对种子的质量影响差异不显著。     

不同代谢能、粗蛋白和粗纤维水平对太湖鹅生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

为探索不同能量、蛋白和粗纤维水平对太湖鹅生长发育和屠宰性能的影响,将3种营养成分在不同饲养阶段均采用单因子设计,分为高、中、低3种水平。育雏期(0~4周龄)粗蛋白为17%、19%和21%;代谢能为10.5、11.0和11.5 MJ/kg;粗纤维为3.5%、5.0%和6.5%。育肥期(5~11周龄)粗蛋白为15.5%、16.5%和17.5%;代谢能为10.00、10.65和11.75 MJ/kg;粗纤维为5.0%、6.5%和8.5%。每种营养成分在分成3种水平时,其它营养成分为中等水平,营养成分相同的3个中等水平组合并为一组。将刚出壳雏鹅随机分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复100只,公母各半。每组饲喂不同营养水平的日粮,观测各组增重、饲料转化比和屠宰性能。结果表明:在育雏期中等蛋白组增重显著大于其它组(P0.05),低蛋白组饲料转化比显著大于高蛋白组(P0.05);不同代谢能水平增重和饲料转化比差异均不显著(P0.05);不同粗纤维水平增重差异不显著(P0.05),高粗纤维组的饲料转化比显著大于其它组(P0.05)。在育肥期不同蛋白水平增重差异不显著(P0.05),各组间饲料转化比差异均显著(P0.05),低蛋白组最低,中等蛋白组最高;中等代谢能组增重显著高于其它组(P0.05),高代谢能组饲料转化比显著小于低代谢能组(P0.05);不同粗纤维水平的增重和饲料转化比差异均显著(P0.05),且均为中等粗纤维组最好,高粗纤维组最差。屠宰测定结果显示,仅见低能组的胸肌率显著高于高、中能组(P0.05),其它指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。建议太湖鹅育雏期日粮采用19%粗蛋白质、10.50 MJ/kg代谢能和3.5%粗纤维为宜;育肥期日粮采用15.5%粗蛋白、10.65 MJ/kg代谢能和6.5%粗纤维为宜。     

Influence of Delipation on the Energy Metabolism in Pig Parthenogenetically Activated Embryos

This study was designed not only to measure the effect of delipation on the developmental viability of pig parthenogenetically activated (PA) embryos, but also to evaluate the changes of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and gene (Acsl3, Acadsb, Acaa2, Glut1) expression level at different stages after delipation. Results showed that no effect was observed on the cleavage ability, but significant lower blastocyst rate was obtained in delipated embryos. Copy number of mtDNA decreased gradually from MII to four‐cell stages and subsequently kept consistent with blastocyst stage both in delipated and control embryos, but the copy number of mtDNA in delipated embryos was similar to that in the control groups no matter at which developmental stage was observed. Both in delipated and control embryos, ATP content progressive decreased from one‐cell to blastocyst stages, while just at one‐cell stage, a significant decrease of ATP level was observed in delipated embryos compared with that of control. The level of ROS increased obviously after delipation at cleavage stage, but no difference was seen at blastocyst stage. Finally, the expression level of genes related to fatty acids beta‐oxidation (Acadsb and Acaa2) was decreased, while the expression level of genes related to glucose metabolism (Glut 1) was upregulated after delipation. In conclusion, the reduction of lipids in pig oocytes will affect the developmental competence of pig PA embryos by disturbed energy metabolism and ROS stress.     

Experimental study on the effect of horizontal waves on netting panels

The effect of horizontal waves on flexible netting panels is examined in this study, to evaluate the testing method of pretensioned mooring, radial systems, and flexible netting structures. The netting was suspended at a specific hanging ratio for six polyethylene panels with different characteristics. The aim was to evaluate the calculation method for horizontal wave forces on flexible netting panels. A regular wave was used in the experiment, with wave period 0.8–2.0 s and wave height 50–250 mm. The force on the netting structure was recorded by a tension transducer and digital signal recorder, and was simulated by a cubic spline in terms of the wave experiment under different wave conditions. The horizontal wave force on the netting panel changed periodically and asymmetrically, which was similar to the surface wave elevation. The horizontal wave force was related to the netting panel height and width (l), wave height (H) and wave length (L), twine diameter (d) and bar length (a) of the mesh. Using dual series relations, least-squares approximation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis, the following formula was obtained for the horizontal wave average apex value (F) on the netting panel: F=0.13ρgl(H/2)²(d/a)(H ^0.64 L ^0.77/0.9a ^0.44).