杂交水稻夷优180的选育与应用

夷优180系福建省南平市农业科学研究所用自主选育的三系不育系夷A与恢复系南恢180配组而成的杂交中稻新品种。经多年在福建省各地试验、试种表现群体整齐、适应性广、产量高、抗性好等特点,2014年通过福建省农作物品种审定。简述了杂交水稻夷优180的选育及应用。     

中稻大田机插与手工插秧简比试验

水稻机械化插秧能够大幅度提高劳动生产率,减轻劳动强度,降低生产成本,达到增产增收的效果。试验结果表明:水稻机插栽培有效穗数多,有利于形成较为合理的群体结构,从而穗粒数较多,结实率提高,产量高,增产效果明显。     

海水倒灌农田水稻栽培技术示范小结

通过对2014年"威马逊"超强台风造成海水倒灌农田后的修复改良水稻栽培技术,包括品种筛选、整地、育秧、水肥管理等试验。摸索出一套海水倒灌农田的水稻高产栽培技术,解决了海水倒灌农田灾区农民的口粮问题,为今后海南沿海地区台风造成海水倒灌农田后的水稻恢复生产储备相应技术。     

福建北部山区中稻浸种催芽技术

介绍了闽北山区水稻生产的现状,种子发芽基本条件,中稻浸种催芽技术及种子催芽过程中常见问题及解决办法。     

优质稻钱优3301在闽清县种植表现与高产栽培技术

高产优质杂交稻新品种钱优3301系福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所与浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所用钱江1A/闽恢3301联合培育的,2014年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2016年引入闽清县种植,平均产量达9 127.9 kg/hm~2,具有株型适中、群体整齐、综合性状好、稻米品质优等特点。总结了钱优3301在闽清县种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

粳型水稻品种特征特性及高产栽培技术

通过多个粳型水稻品种与籼型品种的对比栽培试验,分析其生物学特性,表明粳型品种分蘖力弱,有效穗少,但穗粒数多,茎秆粗壮,抗倒。粳型品种高产栽培策略是合理密植,创建最优群体结构,增加有效穗,提高结实率,及时预防稻曲病。     

政和县糯玉米新品种(系)比较试验

对引进的11个糯玉米新品种(系)进行比较试验,结果表明:京科糯2000综合性状表现好,具有产量高、抗性好等特点,适宜在政和县推广种植。总结了表现较好玉米品种的产量表现及主要农艺性状。     

Effects of genes increasing the number of spikelets per panicle,TAW1 and APO1, on yield and yield-related traits in rice

The genes TAWAWA1 (TAW1) and ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION1 (APO1) increase the number of spikelets per panicle (SN). In the present study, we examined the effects of these genes on morphological traits, yield, and yield-related traits including yield components using the near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the genetic background of a japonica rice variety, Koshihikari – NIL-taw1, NIL-apo1-D3, and NIL-apo1-D4 – in a field experiment. The SN and total number of spikelets per area of the three NILs were larger than those of Koshihikari. However, the yield of the three NILs did not exceed that of Koshihikari due to their low filling ability. Interestingly, our field experiments indicated that TAW1 did not affect the diameter of internodes and the PN, whereas APO1 decreased the PN and increased the diameter of internodes. These results suggest that TAW1 and APO1 differently affect yield-related traits.     

Irrigation of paddy soil with industrial landfill leachate: impacts in rice productivity,plant nutrition,and chemical characteristics of soil

Treated industrial effluents have high levels of nutrients and dissolved organic matter. The irrigation of rice by flooding can increase nutrient uptake and grain yield. Therefore, this study evaluated the nutrient contents in the shoots and grain of the rice crop and also the chemical of the soil after irrigation of the crop with leachate of the treated industrial effluent. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using pots filled with 20 kg of soil in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of control (irrigation with distilled water) and four concentrations of the leachate (25, 50, 75, and 100 %) for irrigation. At the end of the experiment, the nutrient contents in tissues of rice plants, sterility of spikelets, and grain mass were evaluated. Results showed that irrigation with the leachate at 25 % content increased the macro- and micronutrients’ concentrations in the shoot biomass and grain, except for potassium and iron. Irrigation with the industrial leachate decreased tillering and grain yield; however, it increased chlorophyll content, sterility of spikelets, and sodium intake at this leachate concentration. The potassium and sodium levels and the electrical conductivity values of soils irrigated with treated industrial leachate were increased. The use of the treated leachate from industrial effluents is an alternative that reuses the nutritional load, but the volume of leachate should be limited and monitored to prevent the sodicity in the soil and problemsdue to eutrophication.     

A GIS-aided two-phase grey fuzzy optimization model for nonpoint source pollution control in a small watershed

A method for allocating allowable ranges of total nitrogen (TN) load to nonpoint (diffuse pollution) sources in a watershed has been developed by adopting the two-phase grey fuzzy optimization approach. Competing goals of water quality management authorities and TN load dischargers at nonpoint sources such as paddy field, upland crop field, and residential area are described with linear imprecise membership functions including interval numbers. TN load discharged from each cell of the nonpoint sources is assumed to be transported along with surface, subsurface, and river flow under the conventional first-order kinetic removal with respect to distance. The travel length of the load is estimated with a digital elevation model in a geographic information system (GIS). Uncertainty of river discharge and self-purification coefficients appearing in the TN transport model is also expressed with interval numbers. The GIS-aided grey fuzzy optimization model developed here is applied to the Seimei River watershed, Japan. By solving the optimization model, the allowable load represented by an interval number at each cell is procured, which would be a scientific base for effluent control regarding nonpoint sources in the area.