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51.
52.
ABSTRACT: A new practical growth model through the partial reconstruction for the von Bertalanffy function (VBF) has been proposed. In numerous studies on various species, VBF has been recognized as an appropriate function to describe growth. Here the difference in growth dynamics between soft and hard tissues is considered using VBF. A differential equation in which the growth rates of these two tissue types are described, gives a four parameter model. This advanced model showed characteristics such as: (i) S-shape curve similar to the Gompertz model; (ii) unfixed point of inflection; and (iii) definition as an implicit function. The characteristic indicated in (iii) makes it impossible to apply the method of least squares to data analysis. Therefore, a solution was introduced combining Lagrange's method of indeterminate coefficients and the Newton method. Data analysis for verifying the performance of the advanced model was conducted on published data on growth of the bivalve Spisula sachalinensis . As a result of the comparison among the existing growth models, the advanced model produced the minimum value of Akaike information criterion (AIC). 相似文献
53.
Hikaru Komatsu Yuka Onozawa Tomonori Kume Kenji Tsuruta Tomo’omi Kumagai Yoshinori Shinohara Kyoichi Otsuki 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
In western Japan, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forests have been expanding by replacing surrounding vegetation such as coniferous plantation forests and natural broadleaved forests. It has been speculated that the replacement of surrounding vegetation by bamboo forests could alter the vegetation water cycle and available water resources. We quantified stand-scale transpiration (E) in a bamboo forest on the basis of sap-flux measurements and compared the E value with values for coniferous forests. The annual E was estimated to be 567 mm. Seasonal trends in E primarily corresponded to seasonal trends in the vapor pressure deficit. Annual E for the bamboo forest was higher than that for the coniferous forests by 12% of annual precipitation (P). This difference in annual E is comparable with the difference in annual interception evaporation (I) relative to P between bamboo and coniferous forests; previous studies reported lower I for bamboo forests by ∼10% of P. Thus, the sum of E and I was comparable for bamboo and coniferous forests. As this study is the first measuring E of bamboo forests, further studies are required to examine the generality of our results. 相似文献
54.
Biogeography of small odontocetes in relation to wide‐scale oceanographic structure in the North Pacific Ocean
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Information regarding the distributional patterns of top predators is undoubtedly important for the monitoring and management of marine ecosystems. Nevertheless, previous knowledge on the distributional patterns of cetacean species in relation to physical oceanography is usually limited to a small fraction of each species' range because of their vast distribution and infrequency of encountering many species. We carried out comprehensive analyzes on the distributions of small odontocetes covering almost the entire North Pacific Ocean. Using data from over 300 000 nautical miles (≈ 555 600 km) of dedicated sighting surveys and 7000 school sightings of 14 small odontocete species, which have accumulated for approximately a quarter of a century, we describe interspecific habitat differences in small odontocetes with respect to physical oceanography. Multivariate analyzes were used to discriminate the 14 species into four ecological groups: (i) Subtropical Domain species; (ii) Subarctic Boundary species; (iii) Transitional Domain species; and (iv) Subarctic Domain species. By comparing environmental variables in their habitats with variables indicative of water mass and frontal structures, the four species groups were further divided into several subgroups. Groups at higher latitudes comprised fewer species than those at lower latitudes, while species diversity was maximal at lower and intermediate latitudes. Our findings indicate that large‐scale oceanographic structures are important determinants for the present patterns in biogeography and species diversity of small odontocetes. 相似文献
55.
Sheikh M. Masum Mohammad Amzad Hossain Hikaru Akamine Jun‐Ichi Sakagami Prasanta C. Bhowmik 《Weed Biology and Management》2016,16(3):119-131
A series of experiments was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Subtropical Field Science Center, University of the Ryukyus, Japan, from April to October 2015 to assess the allelopathic potential of 50 indigenous Bangladeshi rice varieties by using the donor–receiver bioassay, equal compartment agar method (ECAM), plant residue extract method and pot culture method. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus‐galli L. Beauv.) and jungle rice (Echinochloa colona L.) were used as the test plants. The highest inhibition effect was given by Boterswar, while the stimulating effect was given by Kartikbalam and Panbira in the donor–receiver bioassay and ECAM tests. Boterswar, Goria, Biron and Kartiksail were selected as the highest allelopathic‐potential varieties by the donor–receiver bioassay and ECAM. In the methanol extract test, Boterswar gave the strongest inhibitory effect on both barnyard grass and jungle rice, while Kartiksail gave the highest inhibitory effect on the jungle rice shoot. The growth parameters and total dry matter of barnyard grass in the greenhouse pot experiment were significantly reduced as a result of the application of aqueous extracts of the selected rice varieties, which was similar to the results of the laboratory experiments. The varieties of Boterswar, Goria, Biron and Kartiksail were selected as the most allelopathic among the 50 indigenous Bangladeshi rice varieties. These rice varieties could be used for the isolation and identification of allelochemicals and to further develop new varieties that are tolerant to weeds. 相似文献
56.
Akamine EK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1963,140(3572):1217-1218
The production of ethylene by fading blooms of Vanda Miss Agnes Joaquim, determined quantitatively by the perchlorate manometric procedure, was correlated with the degree of fading. A peak production of over 3400 microl per kilogram hour was obtained when 97 percent of the blooms were faded. 相似文献
57.
Chen-Wei Chiu Tomonori Kume Hikaru Komatsu Han Tseng Tsong-Huei Wey Kyoichi Otsuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2016,21(4):151-160
Stand transpiration (E) estimated using the sap flux methods is affected by the azimuthal, radial, and tree-to-tree variations of sap flux. Although several studies have examined the relative importance of the three variations in estimating E, the seasonality of the three variations remains unknown. In the current study, we attempted to clarify whether the relative importance of these three variations could show seasonal changes. Using sap flux data measured in a subtropical cloud forest from August 2010 to July 2011, we calculated the differences resulting from omitting the three variations in estimating E. The effects of the three variations in estimating E showed seasonality. The azimuthal and tree-to-tree variations were more pronounced during winter, whereas the radial variation was more pronounced during summer. However, the effect of tree-to-tree variation was consistently much larger than the other two variations throughout the study period. The tree-to-tree variation is more important in estimating E monthly, seasonally and annually than both the azimuthal and radial variations, although all three variations have shown seasonality. In addition, the sensor allocation for summer would be acceptable for the practical estimation of E if aiming at the long time scale. 相似文献
58.
Wood Science and Technology - The effects of wet–dry and moist–dry cycling on the mechanical properties of reed (Arundo donax L.) were investigated. Because water-soluble extractives... 相似文献
59.
Yuka Onozawa Masaaki Chiwa Hikaru Komatsu Kyoichi Otsuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(2):111-116
In recent years, moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest areas in Japan have rapidly expanded, and bamboo is now invading nearby natural or plantation forests. To date, only
one study has examined the rainfall interception of a moso bamboo forest. In that study, it was reported that the interception
ratio (interception/rainfall) of the bamboo forest did not exceed the interception ratios of other natural and plantation
forests (n = 4) in Japan. To expand the current state of knowledge about rainfall interception of bamboo forests, we measured throughfall
and stemflow at another bamboo forest site. Annual rainfall (Rf), throughfall (Tf), and stemflow (Sf) during the measurement period were 2,105, 1,556, and 322 mm, respectively. Annual rainfall interception at the plot (I) was 228 mm. Tf/Rf, Sf/Rf, and I/Rf were 73.9, 15.3, 10.8%, respectively. I/Rf was less than 20% throughout the year except in October, the month with lowest rainfall. We also summarized rainfall interception
data from 19 other natural and plantation forests. The I/Rf value of our site did not exceed the I/Rf values of these natural and plantation forests (n = 19). Our data will be useful for assessing changes in water resources that result from replacement of natural or plantation
forests by bamboo forests. 相似文献
60.
In several autogamous and vegetatively propagated crops, DNA markers have been used for cultivar identification. However,
allogamous crops such as bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) are recalcitrant to marker-aided cultivar identification, as well as hybrid seed purity tests, due to the high degree
of genetic heterogeneity within each cultivar. To aid cultivar identification and ensure its accuracy in bunching onion, we
proposed the “SSR-tagged breeding” scheme in our previous study. The feasibility of this scheme was investigated here using
a landrace of bunching onion with two populations tagged with two or four selected SSR markers. Compared with a control population,
no significant differences were detected in the agronomic traits of the SSR-tagged populations. The targeted SSR loci were
genetically uniform within each population whereas other loci maintained high heterogeneity. These results demonstrate that
the SSR-tagged breeding scheme, even with a very small number of markers, is efficient for the identification of newly bred
cultivars, and consequently for F1 purity tests, in allogamous crops in which inbreeding depression is as severe as in bunching onion. 相似文献