Optical chlorophyll measurements as predictors of total nitrogen,nitrogen fractions and in vitro ruminal nitrogen degradability in tropical grass forages

This study evaluated whether the FieldScout CM 1000 NDVI and Yara N–Tester models can produce accurate and reliable estimates of nitrogen (N), buffer-soluble nitrogen (BSN), buffer-insoluble nitrogen (BISN), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and in vitro ruminal nitrogen degradability after 3, 12 and 24?h incubation (ND3, ND12 and ND24) in three tropical grasses: Brachiaria hybrid, Megathyrsus maximus and Paspalum atratum. Correlation between the Yara N-Tester and N, BISN and in vitro ruminal N degradability of the Brachiaria hybrid and M. maximus were high (r 0.67–0.83). The Yara N-Tester accounted for 81% and 86% (p 0.000) of N variability in the Brachiaria hybrid and M. maximus, respectively. The Yara N-Tester prediction models explained 72% and 70% (p 0.000) BISN variability in the Brachiaria hybrid and M. maximus, respectively. In vitro ND24 of the Brachiaria hybrid (R?2 0.75) and M. maximus (R?2 0.75) was also best predicted with the Yara N-Tester. Model validation showed generally low (≤0.90) concordance correlation coefficients except for Yara N-Tester N and ND24 in M. maximus. Random error was the main source of error. We conclude that the accuracy of the Yara N-Tester prediction models was superior to that of the FieldScout CM 1000 NDVI models, and that the Yara N-Tester can produce accurate and reliable estimates of Brachiaria hybrid and M. maximus N and M. maximus ND24.     

体外酶解法研究玉米的不同加工处理方式对过瘤胃淀粉小肠消化率的影响

本试验以体外酶解法来研究不同加工处理的玉米12 h瘤胃非降解残渣在小肠中的消化率。试验结果表明,不同加工处理方式对小肠淀粉消化率的影响不同,膨化加工可以显著提高过瘤胃淀粉的小肠消化率(P<0.05);烘烤、制粒、压扁以及焙炒加工处理对过瘤胃淀粉的小肠消化率没有显著影响(P>0.05)。     

Adaptation characteristics of mitochondria in plateau pikas at different altitudes

AIM: To investigate the adaptive characteristics of mitochondria in plateau pikas at different altitudes. METHODS: According to the altitudes of the capture area, plateau pikas were divided into 4 300 m group (Mado Star Sea, n=6) and 2 900 m group (Laoji Mountain South, n=6). The red blood cells and hemoglobin of the animals in 2 groups were measured. The levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver and skeletal muscle, and mitochondrial H₂O₂ production level in the skeletal muscle were determined by high-resolution mitochondrial respirometer. RESULTS: The hemoglobin of the plateau pika in 4 300 m group was significantly lower than those in 2 900 m group. The liver state 4 respiration rate of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (CI-LEAK), mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I state 3 respiration rate (CI-OXPHOS) and respiratory chain complex I+Ⅱ state 3 respiration rate(CI+Ⅱ-OXPHOS), electron transfer capacity of respiratory chain complex I+Ⅱ (CI+Ⅱ-ETS), the electron transport capacity of the respiratory chain complex Ⅱ (CⅡ-ETS) in 2 900 m group were increased, and the coupling efficiency was decreased compared with 4 300 m group (P<0.05). The skeletal muscle CI-LEAK,CI+Ⅱ-OXPHOS and CI+Ⅱ-ETS were higher than those in 4 300 m group. Mitochondrial state 4 respiration rate with palmitic acid carnitine and malate as substrates (FAO-LEAK) of liver and skeletal muscle in 2 900 m group were increased compared with 4 300 m group. The skeletal muscle with palmitic acid carnitine as a substrate for fatty acid metabolism state 3 respiratory rate (FAO-OXPHOS) was increased in 2 900 m group compared with 4 300 m group. The H₂O₂/O₂ flow ratio (ΔH₂O₂) in 2 900 m group was lower in state 4 respiration rate of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (LEAK), state 3 of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (OXPHOS), state 3 of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I+Ⅱ (OXPHOS*) and electron transfer capacity of respiratory chain complex I+Ⅱ (ETS) than 4 300 m group. CONCLUSION: Plateau pikas with different altitudes have different mitochondrial adaptation characteristics.     

H2O2对离体小麦叶片中蛋白质含量下降的影响

H2O2能氧化修饰离体小麦叶片蛋白质分子中的-SH基团,使蛋白质分子更容易被蛋白水解酶降解,表现为蛋白水解酶活力升高,蛋白质含量下降加快。随着H2O2浓度的增大,这一现象更加明显。     

不同温度挤压膨化玉米在泌乳奶牛瘤胃内干物质和淀粉降解规律的研究

本试验选用3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳前期荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,在精粗比为55∶45的日粮条件下,采用尼龙袋法测定了不同温度挤压膨化加工处理的玉米在奶牛瘤胃内干物质和淀粉的降解规律。试验结果表明,玉米经过挤压膨化加工处理,能明显提高干物质和淀粉在泌乳奶牛瘤胃中的降解率(P<0.05)。随着挤压膨化温度的不断升高,干物质和淀粉的瘤胃降解率线性下降。     

Femoral component failure in canine cemented total hip replacement: a report of two cases

Femoral stem fracture is reported as an uncommon late complication of cemented total hip replacement in two dogs. In each case surgical salvage was achieved by extirpation of the proximal unstable component of the femoral stem, resulting in acceptable limb function. To the authors' knowledge, intramedullary femoral stem failure has not been previously reported after cemented total hip replacement in the dog. Factors believed to have contributed to implant failure in these dogs are discussed and compared with the same complication in humans.     

Does the Amount of Progesterone in Intravaginal Implants Used to Synchronise Oestrus Affect the Reproductive Performance of Brahman Heifers Artificially Inseminated at a Fixed Time

The study tested the hypothesis that reduced intravaginal implant progesterone (P₄) concentration to synchronise oestrus would increase pregnancy rates to fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Bos indicus heifers. Brahman heifers (n = 294; 2 year) were body condition scored (BCS), weighed and scanned for presence of a corpus luteum (CL). Only cyclic heifers were selected and allocated randomly within BCS and 25 kg bodyweight category to one of three P₄ treatment groups. On day 10, heifers received a P₄ implant (CueMate‐1‐pod, 0.78g P₄; CueMate‐2‐pod, 1.56g P₄; or CIDR‐B, 1.9g P₄), 2 mg oestradiol benzoate (ODB) intramuscularly (IM) and 250 ug cloprostenol IM. At day 2, the implant was removed, 250 ug cloprostenol was injected IM and tail paint applied. The heifers received 1 mg ODB 24 h later and were FTAI 48–54 h after implant removal (day 0). Ten randomly selected heifers per group were blood sampled and scanned at days 10, 2, 0 and 6 to define the P₄ profiles pre‐ and post‐FTAI. Heifers were heat‐detected 18–20 days post‐FTAI and oestrous heifers AI’d by the AM/PM rule. Bulls joined the heifers on day 27 post‐FTAI. Transrectal ultrasonography estimated conception date on day 72. Statistical analysis examined the effects of treatment, technician, semen, ovarian status, BCS and liveweight, on pregnancy rate (PR) to FTAI. There was no significant difference (p = 0.362) in PR between treatment groups (CueMate 1‐pod, 36.4%; CueMate 2‐pod, 39.6%: CIDR‐B, 28.3%), but PR was higher in those heifers with increased BCS between FTAI and pregnancy diagnosis (p = 0.005). Thirty‐three per cent of monitor heifers had plasma P₄ concentrations of <1 ng/ml on day 6 after FTAI; only 20% of these conceived vs 60% of heifers with P₄ ≥ 1 ng/ml. In summary, no significant difference in PR was identified between treatments but good BCS and a rising plane of nutrition were critical to PR of these pure grade Brahman heifers in northern Australia.     

欧拉羊杂交改良山谷型藏羊杂交F_1代与对照组羔羊生长发育效果观察

引进欧拉羊杂交改良甘南州的山谷型藏羊,跟踪测定杂交F1代与对照组羔羊初生、3月龄、6月龄的体尺、体重,对所测数据进行统计分析,并进行差异显著性检验。结果表明:杂交F1代羔羊初生、3月龄、6月龄的体尺、体重极显著的高于对照组(P0.01),管围差异不显著(P0.05)。     

低温在诱导油桃芽解除休眠过程中对代谢的影响

果树温室栽培时常出现萌芽率低，萌芽开花延迟，花器官发育差，座果率低等问题。调查了分批移入人工气候室的“NJ72”油桃萌芽率，以确定其休眠解除时间，试验结果表明“NJ72”油桃于1月中旬结束休眠，不同温度处理对“NJ72”油桃休眠期代谢的影响不同，低温促进花芽内H2O2的积累，同时促进过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性的提高，低温处理使花芽呼吸速率增加，其中磷酸戊糖途径（PPP）代谢增加，糖酵解（EMP）降低，而三羧酸循环（TCA）代谢波动较小，葡萄糖－6－磷酸（G－6－PDH）脱氢酶活性也有所增加。     

腹腔注射N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸对母鼠发情率、早期胚胎及胚子数的影响

为研究腹腔注射N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)对母鼠发情率和早期胚胎及胚子数的影响,试验选取40只昆明小鼠[(26±1.37)g],随机分为对照组和试验组(每组各20只),对照组腹腔注射0.2mL生理盐水,试验组腹腔注射0.2mLNMDA溶液,采用棉签蘸取母鼠阴道黏液,涂片后用苏木精(HE)染色,判定母鼠发情情况。随后在发情母鼠与公鼠合笼后第3天,每组随机取10只颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠,冲胚后在体视镜下捡胚观察胚胎个数;第9天处死剩余小鼠,取出子宫统计胚子数。试验结果显示,腹腔注射NMDA试验组母鼠发情率、胚胎数和胚子数分别比对照组提高28.57%、18.18%和12.94%。该试验表明腹腔注射NMDA可促进母鼠的发情,提高早期胚胎和胚子数,为NMDA在动物繁殖中的应用提供了理论基础。