菜豆萎蔫病菌的血清检测鉴定技术研究

本研究对我国一类检疫性有害生物菜豆萎蔫病菌（Ｃｕｒｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｆｌａｃｕｍｆａ－ｃｉｅｎｓｐｖ．ｆｌａｃｕｍｆａｃｉｅｎｓ，Ｃｆ）进行血清检测鉴定技术的研究。试验中制备了抗Ｃｆ的血清，应用抗００２０，０２３７，０２３８菌株的抗血清及其ＦＩＴＣ标记的抗体进行间接和直接免疫荧光染色试验（ＩＦ／ＩＦ）。通过对１９个Ｃｆ菌株和其它６个属１４个种的植物病原细菌２０个菌株的测定，结果发现约５０％的Ｃｆ菌株为强阳性反应，且与Ｃｆ种下致病变种也有强阳性交叉反应。由于单个血清检测易产生假阴性反应，故将三种血清１∶１∶１混合后进行ＩＦ试验，结果表明与所有的Ｃｆ菌株反应，且与Ｒｆａ和Ｃｍｔ有弱阳性反应。对含１０４～１０７ｃｆｕ／ｍｌ细菌及３０ｇ种子含１粒人工接种种子的种子抽提液均能检测到典型的阳性细胞，血清检测的灵敏度为４．５×１０４ｃｆｕ／ｍｌ，可用于种子的检测。本研究还进行了初步的免疫荧光菌落染色（ＩＦＣ）试验     

Changes in the content of steroidal glycoalkaloids in potato tubers grown in the field and in the greenhouse under different conditions of light, temperature and daylength

Differences in the content of steroid glycoalkaloids (SGA) were noted in the peels of potato tubers cultivars Alpha, Cara, Désirée and LT-7. Cultivar LT-7 had always the highest SGA content, Désirée was intermediate and Alpha and Cara had the lowest SGA content, regardless of growing conditions, tuber ageing and tuber treatments. Tubers grown during the summer developed the highest SGA content as compared to those grown in the spring and winter seasons, respectively. Tubers grown during winter showed an increase in SGA toward the end of the storage period. Similar results were obtained with tubers of LT-7 grown in a greenhouse under cool temperatures in combination with short days (which imitate the winter conditions in Israel). A decrease in SGA content was observed in tuber slices treated with a fungal cell-wall preparation fromPhytophthora citrophthora. This decrease was much stronger in the pith than in the peel, indicating a possible role for SGA in the defence mechanism because peels are the first part of the tuber to be invaded by pathogens. The above results were observed in tubers of all cultivars regardless of the growing season or tuber ageing.     

Abscisic acid is a potent inhibitor of growth and sporidial formation inneovossia indica cultures: Dual mode of actionvia loss of polyamines and cellular turgidity

The inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis inNeovossia indica (Mitra) Mundkur by D,L— α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) caused an effective reduction of mycelial growth and sporidial production underin vitro conditions, which was reversed by ornithine application. Abscisic acid proved to be similarly effective, not only in inhibiting mycelial growth and sporidial formation but also the germination of teliospores, which constitute the primary inoculum of the pathogen. ABA-mediated inhibition resulted in decreased polyamine levels and loss of cellular turgidity of mycelial cultures. Scanning electron microscopy of ABA-treated cultures revealed extremely shrunken hyphae, in marked contrast to the turgid controls. It is suggested that the manipulation of ABA levels and/or tissue sensitivity in wheat could be a strategy to combat ‘Karnal’ bunt, the disease caused byN. indica.     

Effects of the host, the pathogen, the environment and their interactions, on fusarium wilt in carnation

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi causes severe wilting in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) worldwide. The pathogen is present in the soil profile in which carnation roots are distributed and may infect the plants at any time during the growing season. To minimize the losses induced by Fusarium wilt, growers use carnation cuttings free ofFusarium spp. and fumigate the soil with methyl bromide prior to planting. The severity of epidemics and the resulting losses are governed by the main and interacting effects of the three components of the disease syndrome: the host, the pathogen and the environment. Host variables include the type and the degree of cultivar resistance (i.e., complete, partial or tolerance); pathogen variables include the race, its virulence and infectivity, and the amount of initial inoculum; environmental variables include solar radiation intensity, photoperiod, temperature and the growth substrate. In the present review the information available on the effect of the host, the pathogen and the environment, and their interactions, on Fusarium wilt in carnation is summarized.     

猪附红细胞体病的诊断和防治

近年我县发生了一种类似猪瘟症状的疾病 ,表现为高热、嗜睡、全身发红等 ,导致猪群 (特别是仔猪 )大批死亡。经采用注射青霉素、链霉素、磺胺类药、退烧解毒药等治疗 ,效果不理想。特别是在使用磺胺类药物后 ,会加重病情。该病在我县呈蔓延趋势 ,给广大养殖户造成了很大的经济损失。后与省畜牧研究所联合研究 ,根据临床症状、病理剖检、实验室检查等 ,确诊为猪附红细胞体病。经对症下药 ,很快控制了该病的流行和蔓延 ,确保养殖业的健康稳定发展。1流行病学特点本病一年四季均可发生 ,但以夏秋多发。蚊等吸血节肢昆虫可传播该病 ,各种年龄、…     

胞质雄性不育性在叶用芥菜上的利用

以从美国威斯康星大学引进的叶用芥菜胞质雄性不育系叶用4-4为母本,以泰国清迈大学选育出的8个优良叶用芥菜品种为转育父本,杂交后连续回交4代(BC4),再将BC4与优良叶用芥菜品种40R2-3-4配制8个杂交组合,其中2个组合(4-4 × 19-H-12)×40R2-3-4和(4-4 × 2R2)×40R2-3-4结球率为100％,产量比商用品种分别高34％和13％,比其亲本分别高25％和5％。     

Ecotonal changes and altered tree spatial patterns in lower mixed-conifer forests, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, U.S.A.

This research analyzes patch development and determines tree spatial patterns along the lower mixed-conifer ecotone on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona (U.S.A.). Patterns of patch development were interpreted from spatial analyses, based on tree age and size, and past records of disturbance and climate. Five plots in the ecotone between mixed conifer forests and monospecific stands of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were studied for patterns of patch development. The methods used include: (1) size-structure analyses, to compare species patch development; (2) dendrochronological dating of tree establishment; (3) tree ring master chronology, to determine periods of suppressed growth, compared to a Palmer Drought Severity Index; and (4) spatial analyses by species composition, size and age, with univariate and bivariate analyses of spatial association and spatial autocorrelation. We found an increased density of shade-tolerant and fire-intolerant species namely clusters of pole-sized white fir, and fewer large ponderosa pine. This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.