应用巢式RT-PCR检测水仙退化病毒1

水仙退化病毒（Narcissus degeneration virus,NDV）是水仙上发生较为严重的病毒之一。本文根据 NDV 已报道的外壳蛋白基因序列,设计特异性引物,以感病水仙的总 RNA 为模板,建立了快速检测 NDV 的巢式 RT-PCR 方法。结果表明,巢式 RT-PCR 具有良好的特异性和灵敏度,能够从感染 NDV 的水仙样品上扩增出与预期大小相符的特异性目的条带,同时与其他病毒无交叉反应;灵敏度测定结果表示,巢式 RT-PCR 灵敏度较高,是普通 RT-PCR 的104倍,当 RNA 稀释到109倍时仍能被检测到。本文建立的巢式 RT-PCR 为水仙上 NDV 的快速检测提供了技术参考依据。     

Resistance spectrum assay and fine mapping of the blast resistance gene from a rice experimental line, IRBLta2-Re

In the present study, we performed the resistance assessment by rice blast inoculation on IRBLta2-Re and IRBLta-CP1, the experimental lines supposed to carry rice blast resistance genes Pita2 and Pita, respectively. The analysis by using 196 rice blast isolates derived from China indicated that the resistance spectrum of IRBLta2-Re was broader than that of IRBLta-CP1. Both IRBLta2-Re and IRBLta-CP1 have the Pita gene by analyzing the functional single amino acid difference of Pita/pita locus. To identify the additional gene in IRBLta2-Re, 1250 F₂ individuals from the cross between CO39 and IRBLta2-Re were used as the mapping population. The F₂ population was inoculated with the blast isolate 08-T4 which was incompatible to IRBLta2-Re, but compatible to CO39 and IRBLta-CP1. In the phenotypic data analysis, the F₂ population segregated in a 3:1 ratio for resistant and susceptible plants, respectively, suggesting that IRBLta2-Re has an additional resistance gene other than Pita, which was tentatively designated Pita3(t) (supposed to be Pita2). To identify the Pita3(t), a total of 50 microsatellite and 12 position specific microsatellite markers distributed by two sides of the Pita gene were selected in the parent polymorphism screening. The results showed that PT4 and PT5 were co-segregated with the target gene. A contig map corresponding to the resistance gene and Pita genes was constructed based on the fine mapping and bioinformatics assay. The resistance gene, Pita3(t), was, thus, assumed to be in an interval of approximately 178 kb which containing a total of 5 NBS–LRR genes, and was about 500 kb away from the Pita gene.     

根肿病(Plasmodiophora brassicae)菌侵染对大白菜幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化的影响

旨在研究根肿病菌侵染过程中膜脂过氧化相关指标及保护酶类活性的变化。以感病（91-12B）和抗病（CR91-12B）大白菜为试验材料,采用注射法对其进行接菌,取样测定。91-12B和CR91-12B抗氧化酶类活性均表现为先升高后降低,但抗病CR91-12B对病菌胁迫反应迅速,防御及时,活性氧系统处于动态平衡。感病91-12B对病菌胁迫反应慢,防御不及时,活性氧系统平衡被破坏。这说明接菌后,抗病材料能及时产生超氧阴离子作为信号激发细胞的抗氧化反应。同时发现,接菌后第8天为抗病CR91-12B对病菌胁迫产生反应的时间。本试验验证了根肿病抗性与膜脂过氧化间的关系,为一些生长调节剂和人工合成的活性氧清除剂在抗根肿病上的应用提供了依据;     

High‐Throughput Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting Quantitative and Qualitative Composition Phenotypes of Individual Maize Kernels

Near‐infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy can be used for fast and reliable prediction of organic compounds in complex biological samples. We used a recently developed NIR spectroscopy instrument to predict starch, protein, oil, and weight of individual maize (Zea mays) seeds. The starch, protein, and oil calibrations have reliability equal or better to bulk grain NIR analyzers. We also show that the instrument can differentiate quantitative and qualitative seed composition mutants from normal siblings without a specific calibration for the constituent affected. The analyzer does not require a specific kernel orientation to predict composition or to differentiate mutants. The instrument collects a seed weight and a spectrum in 4–6 sec and can collect NIR data alone at a 20‐fold faster rate. The spectra are acquired while the kernel falls through a glass tube illuminated with broad spectrum light. These results show significant improvements over prior single‐kernel NIR systems, making this instrument a practical tool to collect quantitative seed phenotypes at high throughput. This technology has multiple applications for studying the genetic and physiological influences on seed traits.     

黄土高原坡沟系统径流水动力学特性试验

为了研究坡沟系统中坡面与沟道之间的侵蚀产沙关系,该研究采用双坡段（坡面和沟坡）组合模型,通过室内放水冲刷试验,结合REE示踪技术,研究了黄土高原地区径流的水动力学特性。结果表明：在试验流量范围内,坡沟系统径流雷诺数变化位于342.3～858.8之间,且变化幅度随冲刷历时的增大而增大;弗罗德数变化位于1.36～8.92之间,且具有时空分异特征。相同流量下,坡沟系统的坡面径流流速沿程有先增大后减小的趋势,在从坡面向沟坡过渡时,各流量下的流速均达到极小值,进入沟坡以后,流速又开始增大。当流量相同时,Darcy-Weisbach阻力系数和曼宁糙率系数沿程均呈先减小后增大然后再减小的趋势。该研究为黄土高原坡沟系统侵蚀产沙模型的建立提供理论依据。     

基于近红外光谱的活体植物叶片水分检测仪器

在近红外光谱区,采用超低功耗单片机MSP430及新型的光频转换芯片TSL230,研制快速无损、可现场测定植物叶片水分含量的透射式检测仪器。仪器整体由信号采集系统、单片机系统及相应的软件支撑、校正模型组成。其信号采集系统采用近红外LED光源,890 nm和980 nm的窄带干涉滤光片和光频转换芯片。光频转换芯片的使用简化了信号采集电路,减少了噪声的引入。该文介绍了该仪器的硬件设计、软件设计,对紫荆叶片水分含量的建模及预测。预测结果与水分真实值基本一致,二者相关系数为0.900。仪器具有较高的重复性、稳定性和可靠性,与其他水分测量仪相比,该仪器具有体积小、结构简单、重量轻、超低功耗、抗干扰等特点。试验结果表明本仪器可在田间现场对植物叶片水分含量进行快速无损检测。     

乳清浓缩蛋白可食用膜的应用研究

采用乳清蛋白涂膜与酶法改性的乳清蛋白涂膜对核桃仁的储藏效果进行试验,发现两种涂膜均可降低核桃仁在储藏期间脂肪氧化,两个试验组的核桃仁脂肪酸值比对照组分别低9%～51%、10%～48%,过氧化值分别低于对照组21%～38%、22%～43%.涂膜能够有效改善核桃仁的感官性能.     

水解蜂蛹蛋白对大鼠免疫功能的影响

为了研究水解蜂蛹蛋白对大鼠免疫功能的影响及性别之间的差异,选用50只3周龄SD大鼠随机分成2组,分别灌胃蜂蛹蛋白粉和经消化酶水解的蜂蛹蛋白4周.结果表明,饲喂水解蜂蛹蛋白雌鼠胸腺指数比对照组提高30.00%(p＜0.05),雄鼠脾脏指数比对照组提高8.33%(p＜0.05),而雌鼠脾脏指数和雄鼠胸腺指数与对照组无显著差异.饲喂水解蜂蛹蛋白组雌鼠和雄鼠血清IgG的含量分别比对照组增加21.82%(p＜0.05)和41.34%(P＜0.05);雌鼠血清IgA含量比对照组增加52.78%(0＜0.01).结果提示,水解蜂蛹蛋白有增强大鼠的免疫功能的作用,且存在一定的性别差异.     

开放条件下中国棉花产业安全研究

我国是世界棉花生产和消费大国.开放条件下,我国棉花的机械化生产水平不断提高,但国内棉花供应仍处于供不应求的状态,棉花贸易长期处于净进口局面.同时,棉花产业发展也深受贸易摩擦和某些国家政治打压的影响.基于我国棉花生产和贸易数据,运用进口市场集中度、进口依存度、出口依存度、自给率、国际竞争力等指标对我国棉花产业安全程度进行...