Performance and Kinetic Study on Bioremediation of Diazo Dye (Reactive Black 5) in Wastewater Using Spent GAC–Biofilm Sequencing Batch Reactor

Combinations of sequential anaerobic and aerobic process enhance the treatment of textile wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment of diazo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5)-containing wastewater using granular activated carbon (GAC)–biofilm sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an integration of aerobic and anaerobic process in a single reactor. The GAC–biofilm SBR system demonstrated higher removal of COD, RB5 and aromatic amines. It was observed that the RB5 removal efficiency improved as the concentration of co-substrate in the influent increased. The alternative aeration introduced into the bioreactor enhanced mineralization of aromatic amines. Degradation of RB5 and co-substrate followed second-order kinetic and the constant (k ₂) values for COD and RB5 decreased from 0.002 to 0.001 and 0.004 to 0.001 l/mg h, respectively, as the RB5 concentration increased from 100 to 200 mg/l in the GAC–biofilm SBR system.     

Application of quantum dot-antibody conjugates for detection of sulfamethazine residue in chicken muscle tissue

A new indirect competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (cFLISA) method for the detection of sulfamethazine (SM2) in chicken muscle tissue was demonstrated using quantum dots (QDs) as the fluorescence label coupled with secondary antibody. The sensitivity of the cFLISA was compared with that of the HPLC method. The 50% inhibition value (IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the cFLISA were 7.7 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. When SM2 was spiked at levels of 50, 100, and 200 ng/g, recoveries ranged from 80.6% to 117.4%, with a coefficient of variation of 6.9-9.6%. In the incurred sample analysis, the amounts of SM2 quantified by cFLISA were similar to the results obtained by the HPLC method. This study shows that cFLISA could be used as a screening method in practice.     

Sedimentary characterization of Tagus estuarine beaches (Portugal)

Background, Aim and Scope  The distribution of sediments in estuarine beaches is controlled by the interactions between sediment supply, hydrodynamic processes and human intervention. The main purpose of this study is to characterize the sediments of Tagus estuarine beaches in order to understand their origin and to contribute to a better knowledge of the Tagus estuary sediment budget. Methods  Surface sediment samples were collected across beach profiles and sand grain size analysis was performed by dry sieving. Grain size statistics for the median (d₅₀) and standard deviation (SDM) were obtained using the Moment method. This study was complemented by a qualitative evaluation of the sediment composition. Cross-shore topographic surveys were conducted for selected sampling sites. Results  Tagus estuarine beach sediments are mainly composed of quartz sand particles which are fine-grained and well sorted near the mouth of the estuary and medium to coarse-grained and moderately sorted in the inner domain. Compositional results show evidence of active anthropogenic sediment sources, especially in the coarser fractions. Discussion  The analysis of the textural and compositional characteristics of beach sediments in the inner estuarine domain is compatible with local sedimentary sources, while a marine signature is present at the mouth and inlet channel sediments. In the inner domain, differences in the sedimentary processes are represented by the textural characteristics of the sediments, such as the sorting degree and the gravel content. Sediment characteristics also reflect human intervention in the system, with the introduction of anthropogenic and allochthonous particles and the mixture of sediments from different sources. Conclusions  The sediments of the inner Tagus estuarine beaches are derived from local Plio-Pleistocene outcrops while inlet and outer estuary beaches reveal a dominant marine source. Beach textural variability observed in the inner domain is not related to wave forcing gradients, but mainly to variations in the sedimentary processes along the estuarine margins and to human intervention. Results show that the Tagus estuarine beaches depended, almost exclusively, on sediment input from local sources until the last century. With increasing human occupation, sediment transfers became dominated by anthropogenically related activities mainly connected with the occupation of estuarine margins and dredging. Recommendations and Perspectives  Further studies should extend the present level of knowledge in what concerns sand transport patterns through additional compositional and geochemical analysis, and the development of new techniques in order to allow the quantitative evaluation of the impact of human activities on the sediment budget.     

烟草不同组织总RNA的提取方法初探

【研究目的】寻找烟草各个组织总RNA最佳的提取方法。【方法】以烟草K326的根、茎、叶、蕾、花和种子为材料,分别采用试剂盒法、Trizol法和CTAB法提取烟草6个组织总RNA进行对比。【结果】烟草不同组织总RNA提取方法有所不同,试剂盒法和Trizol法只能提取出根、茎、叶、蕾和花的总RNA,而不能提取种子总RNA;CTAB法能提取出6个组织的RNA。3种方法提取的RNA质量好,均能满足RT-PCR以及后续实验的要求。【结论】试剂盒法较Trizol法和CTAB法简单、快捷,适合于烟草除种子以外其余组织总RNA快速提取,CTAB法适合烟草所有组织总RNA提取。     

The inheritance of chemical phenotype in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cannabis sativa</Emphasis> L. (III): variation in cannabichromene proportion

The mechanism that controls the proportion of cannabichromene (CBC), a potential pharmaceutical, in the cannabinoid fraction of Cannabis sativa L. is explored. As with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), CBC is an enzymatic conversion product of the precursor cannabigerol (CBG). CBC is reported to dominate the cannabinoid fraction of juveniles and to decline with maturation. This ontogeny was confirmed in inbred lines with different mature chemotypes. A consistent CBC presence was found in early leaves from a diverse clone collection, suggesting that CBC synthase is encoded by a fixed locus. Morphological variants possessing a ‘prolonged juvenile chemotype’ (PJC), a substantial proportion of CBC persisting up to maturity, are presented. PJC is associated with a reduced presence of floral bracts, bracteoles, and capitate-stalked trichomes. Genetic factors causing these features were independent of the allelic chemotype locus B that was previously postulated and regulates THC and CBD synthesis and CBG accumulation. In contrast to previously described Cannabis chemotypes, the cannabinoid composition of PJCs showed plasticity in that reduced light levels increased the CBC proportion. The ability of PJC plants to enable the production of pharmaceutical raw material with high CBC purity is demonstrated.     

单季稻“甬优9号”病虫发生特点与防治技术研究

调查结果表明：与本地单季稻当家品种两优培九相比,甬优9号病虫发生有如下特点：①移栽期较迟避过了1代二化螟的为害,因此1代﹑2代螟虫为害较轻,但由于甬优9号生育期较长,穗期3代螟虫虫伤株为害相对较重。②稻纵卷叶螟发生前期四（2）代发生轻于两优培九,中期五（3）代发生重于籼型两优培九。③稻飞虱发生前中期四（2）﹑五（3）代白背飞虱和五（3）代褐稻虱发生较轻,同时茎秆粗壮,耐害性较好,后期六（4）代褐稻虱的发生重于两优培九,由于成熟期较迟还增加了10月份七（5）代的发生为害。④易感稻曲病。针对甬优9号病虫发生特点,在防治策略上调整如下：①放宽甬优9号营养生长阶段的防治指标,发挥甬优9号耐害性强的优点,减少病虫防治次数,保护和利用天敌的生态调控能力。②根据破口期天气情况,做好稻曲病等穗期病害的预防。③抓好穗期3代螟虫﹑褐稻虱的防治,确保丰收。     

菠萝变温压差膨化干燥前后的理化性质分析

利用变温压差果蔬膨化干燥技术,对菠萝处理前后的理化性质进行了对比分析。结果表明,变温压差膨化干燥处理前后的菠萝脆片,其理化性质发生了变化。膨化产品的硬度、脆度变大,糖浸渍处理对菠萝脆片的护色作用明显,但对膨化产品的微观结构影响不大。     

基于改进人工鱼群算法的三江平原投影寻踪旱情评价模型

针对现有的旱情评价方法容易出现评价等级离散和结果不易分辨等问题,提出了基于人工鱼群的投影寻踪旱情评价模型,利用人工鱼群算法优化投影指标函数寻求最佳投影方向,同时采用自适应人工鱼步长和拥挤度因子对人工鱼群算法进行改进,克服其易陷入局部最优等缺点,提高了全局搜索能力和收敛速度。以三江平原红兴隆分局为例,选用降雨距平百分率、Z指标和降水温度均一化指标3个指标综合计算投影值,建立了基于改进人工鱼群算法的三江平原投影寻踪旱情评价模型。结果表明,该模型有效避免了单项指标评价的不相容性,用于区域旱情评价是切实可行的,为旱情评价提供了参考。     

自走式果园风送喷雾机的研制

针对我国果园施药生产现状,研制一种自走式果园风送喷雾机。该机包括底盘、传动系统、液压系统和作业组件;传动系统采用分路传动,并实现各传动装置独立工作;作业组件包括雾化装置、风送装置及控制系统等;同时完成果园喷雾机底盘的抗侧翻设计。试验考核和示范应用结果表明:该机性能稳定、作业顺畅,在喷雾压力1.0MPa、风机转速1 450r/min、行驶速度1.13m/s作业条件下,树冠内部枝叶正、反面平均有61.22%、20.9%的药液附着率,树冠外部枝叶正、反面平均有77.22%、37.17%的药液附着率。     

Oxidation-reduction regimes in some Oxisols of tropical China

The oxidation-reduction regimes of some Oxisols of tropical China were investigated on the basis of the Eh values and the amounts of reducing substances, both measured by newly devised methods. The Eh values in the surface layers of soil profiles under natural forest and commercial forest were 400–550 mV, lower by 100–200 mV than the deeper horizons. The concentrations of reducing substances in the surface layers corresponded to 0.5–5.0 · 10^?5M of Mn²⁺. In the cultivated layer of a submerged paddy soil the concentration of reducing substances was as high as 13·10^?5M, with an Eh value of less than 100 mV. There was a negative correlation between the Eh value and the logarithm of the concentration of reducing substances, showing that the intensity aspect and the capacity aspect of the oxidation-reduction status of a soil are closely interrelated.