大豆开花后阶段对开花前不同光照处理的反应

试验研究了开花前不同光照处理对大豆开花后的发育、产是必品质性状的影响。结果表明，对于供试的早熟品种来说，开花前短日处理促进成熟的作用远大于对开花的促进，地农艺性状的影响大于对发育进程的促进。前期短日处理使大豆蛋白质、脂肪含量和油酸的比例上升，而使亚油酸的比例下降。文中讨论了开花前光照后效应的作用方式和可能的机制。     

Laboratory Observations Regarding Different Instars ofCyclosain-sulana (Costa, 1834) (Araneidae) During Developmental Stages

The current experiment was conducted to find out the optimal conditions for mass rearing and developmental changes of Cyclosainsulana. The lab. conditions were maintained at(27±2)℃ and(65±5)% RH. The clear perplex cages and natural diet consisting of the aphids, larvae of the house fly and larvae of drosophila were used for rearing. C. insulana took(123.12±7.26) days to develop from eggs to adults passing through eight instars under prevailing vivo conditions. The eggs were greenish white in color with average size of 0.57 mm ±0.034. The eggs spent(7.52±1.64) days in emergence. Maximum number of spiderlings survived at the 5th instar(84%) and minimum at the 1st instar(34%). The measurements of different body parts including the total body length, cephalothorax and pedipalps of the both male and female C. insulana were done with the help of micrometer and presented as mean±SD. The measurements varied in the each developing instar. It was concluded that spiders were difficult to rear in the lab. conditions and each developing stage which was regarded as instars showed variations in size colors and body characteristics.     

不同施氮水平对矮化富士苹果幼树生长、氮素利用及内源激素含量的影响

【目的】矮化中间砧是目前我国苹果栽培中主要的致矮手段,但在提早结果的同时存在树势早衰的现象,而有关矮化中间砧的果树氮素需求规律及其氮素与树体生长和内源激素之间的关系研究较少。本文研究氮素施用量对矮化中间砧苹果幼树的生长、氮素吸收利用及内源激素的影响,以期为苹果矮化中间砧的果树栽培中氮肥的科学施用和高效利用以及防止树体早衰提供理论依据。【方法】利用15N同位素示踪技术,以三年生宫藤富士/SH6/平邑甜茶(Borkh cv.Fuji/SH6/M.hupehensis Rehd)为试材,于春梢萌芽前,设置3个氮肥施用水平(N 50、100、200 kg/hm2,分别以N50、N100、N200表示),同时每棵树施15N-尿素0.5 g。于春梢旺长期、春梢缓长期,采用酶联免疫法测定茎尖和细根的激素含量;植株停止生长时,测其春、秋梢长度,并整株解析,称量各部分鲜重、干重,测植株全氮及其15N丰度。【结果】研究结果表明,不同施氮水平与植株生长及氮素吸收利用密切相关,春、秋梢长度、树体鲜重及植株全氮均以N50处理最低,N100次之,N200最高,但15N的利用率趋势正好相反,为N50N100N200;细根鲜重以N100处理(34.06 g)最高,N200(28.36g)次之,N50(22.47g)最低。施氮水平对茎尖和细根的赤霉素(GA)、玉米素核苷(ZRs)、脱落酸(ABA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)的含量变化及其比值有较大影响。春梢旺长期和春梢缓长期茎尖、细根中的IAA和GA含量均为N50N100N200,而ZR和ABA的含量则随氮肥用量的增加而降低,表现为N50N100N200;春梢缓长期与春梢旺长期相比,除细根中GA含量(N50、N100、N200处理分别为5.13、5.68、6.17 ng/g,Fw)有所升高外,各器官的IAA、GA、ZR的含量均明显降低,且差异显著;两时期茎尖和细根的ZR/GA、ABA/GA比值均以N50处理最大,N100处理次之,N200处理最小;同一器官不同处理间(IAA+GA+ZR)/ABA比值也存在差异,N200处理显著高于其他处理。【结论】氮肥施用量在50 kg/hm2到200 kg/hm2范围内,随着氮肥用量的增加矮化中间砧苹果幼树的生长促进型激素含量、植株全氮和植株生物量显著增加,但15N利用率显著降低,且ZR/GA、ABA/GA比值逐渐降低。本试验条件下施氮量为N100 kg/hm2是矮化中间砧苹果幼树的适宜施氮量,有利于提高氮素利用率,促进细根生长,同时可延缓树势衰老,促进成花,保证苹果矮化密植集约化栽培中的氮肥充足和均衡供应。     

陕西省能源消费碳排放及影响因素分析

研究陕西省能源消费碳排放对陕西省减少碳排放、发展低碳经济有重要意义。本文基于Kaya恒等扩展式和LMDI因素分解模型,应用LMDI分解方法对能源消费碳排放进行因素分解。定量分析陕西省2000~2011年人口、人均GDP、能源消费结构、能源消费强度、产业结构等5方面的因素对能源消费碳排放的贡献大小。结果表明:人均GDP增长是陕西省碳排放量增加最大的因素,其次是能源消费强度;人口效应和能源消费结构对碳排放量的增加有较微弱的拉动作用;产业结构效应对陕西省碳排放量增加产生负作用;产业结构和能源消费结构需要进一步调整与优化以抑制碳排放量增长。     

短花针茅草原上放牧强度对绵羊生产性能的影响

1985～1989年在内蒙古农牧学院哈雅教学牧场选用杂种羯羊在短花针茅草原上进行放牧强度试验，分析各处理对绵羊生产性能的影响，旨在探讨放牧强度与绵羊生产之间的关系，确定适宜的载畜率。研究结果表明，轻度放牧的绵羊体重显著高于中度和重度放牧（P＜0．01）；放牧期间轻度放牧绵羊的总增重量显著高于重度放牧（P＜0．01），各处理间绵羊掉源量无明显差异（P＞0．05）；轻度放牧绵羊净毛量显著高于中度和重度放牧（P＜0．01），而两者之间净毛量无显著差异（P＞0．05）；经济效益分析表明，载畜率为1．07ha／只·年的中度放牧是最为经济合理的放牧强度。     

阳光沐浴创业历程

光阴似箭,岁月如梭。回顾我在饲料行业工作的经历,一幅壮丽的画卷便展现在眼前:喷薄升腾的红日,奔流东去的大江,蒸蒸日上的社会主义建设热潮,迅猛发展的饲料工业。于是,情不自禁地写下了《阳光沐浴创业历程》一文。起步顺畅事业兴旺中国有句俗话,叫作“万事开头难”。然而,饲料     

天祝白牦牛母牛胎儿胎盘和被毛中的微量元素与繁殖适应性之间的关系

测定了天祝白牦牛母牛、兰州荷斯坦母牛胎儿胎盘和被毛巾的１１种微量元素含量。结果证明，天祝白牦牛胎儿胎盘和被毛中的微量元素铜、铁、镁、砷、钼的含量极显著地高于兰州荷斯坦牛。是天祝白牦牛适应高山少氧生态环境的繁殖特性，也是适应高山少氧环境的特性之一。     

兰花的栽培与管理

兰花清雅高洁,质朴纯真,风格独特,自古以来为世人所喜爱。文章对兰花形态、种类和生活习性进行了较为详尽的描述,并对兰花的栽培技术与管理方法进行了较为全面的阐述。     

Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus throughout a coordinated sequence of events during cold weather

Using a field-based model, mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was assessed throughout a coordinated sequence of events that replicated common farm worker behavior during cold weather (< 0°C). The model involved fomites (boots and containers), vehicle sanitation, transport, and the movement of personnel. A field strain of PRRSV was inoculated into carriers consisting of snow and water, and carriers were adhered to the undercarriage of a vehicle. The vehicle was driven approximately 50 km to a commercial truck washing facility where the driver's boots contacted the carriers during washing, introducing the virus to the vehicle interior. The vehicle was then driven 50 km to a simulated farm site, and the driver's boots mechanically spread virus into the farm anteroom. Types of containers frequently employed in swine farms (styrofoam semen cooler, metal toolbox, plastic lunch pail, and cardboard animal health product shipping parcel) contacted drippings from footwear on the anteroom floor. The truck wash floor, vehicle cab floor mats, boot soles, anteroom floor, and the ventral surface of containers were sampled to track the virus throughout the model. Ten replicates were conducted, along with sham-inoculated controls. At multiple sampling points PRRSV nucleic acid was detected in 8 of 10 replicates. In each of the 8 PCR-positive replicates, infectious PRRSV was detected on the surfaces of containers by virus isolation or swine bioassay. All sham-inoculated controls were negative. These results indicate that mechanical transmission of PRRSV can occur during coordinated sequence of events in cold weather.