墨绿色苦瓜新品种翠玉的选育

翠玉是以自交系0123为母本,0219为父本配制成的苦瓜一代杂种.中早熟,果实长棒形,纵径30～35 cm,横径10～13 cm,瓜肉厚1.0～1.5 cm,单瓜质量500～700g,产量2 500～3000kg·(667 m2)-1,皮墨绿色,大刺瘤,对白粉病和枯萎病的抗性强于对照翠妃,适宜南方春秋种植.     

Apo-9′-Fucoxanthinone,Isolated from Sargassum muticum,Inhibits CpG-Induced Inflammatory Response by Attenuating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

Sargassum muticum (S. muticum) is a brown edible alga and widely distributed in Korea. This report was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of apo-9′-fucoxanthinone (APO-9′) isolated from S. muticum on pro-inflammatory cytokine production. S. muticum extract (SME) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs). APO-9′ pre-treatment in the CpG DNA-stimulated BMDMs and BMDCs showed a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production with IC₅₀ values ranging from 5.31 to 13.79. It exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and on activator protein (AP)-1 reporter activity. APO-9′ pre-treatment exhibited significant inhibition of CpG DNA-induced production of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Taken together, these data suggest that SME and APO-9′ have a significant anti-inflammatory property and warrant further studies concerning the potentials of SME and APO-9′ for medicinal use.     

近红外定量分析技术在饲料中的应用

近红外(Near Infrared缩写成NIR)定量分析技术是近几十年迅速发展的一项新的测试分析技术,它最大特点是能测定自然状态下样品各成分的含量。近红外谱区的信息量较为丰富,且近红外技术本身具有无污染、无前处理、无破坏性、在线检测及多组分同时测定等优点,在食品、医药、化工、     

Effects of supplemental vitamin E during the mature period on the reproduction performance of Taiwan Native Chicken cockerels

One-day-old Taiwan native male chicks were fed with maize-soybean rearing diets without supplemental vitamin E to 23 weeks of age. From 23 to 52 weeks of age, the cockerels (n = 90) were assigned at random to 5 dietary treatments and fed with maize-soybean diets supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate). Pullets (225) of the same age were fed with standard diets throughout. They were artificially inseminated with one dose of 0.04 ml/bird intact and 5-fold diluted pooled semen at 31 to 43 weeks of age and at 49 weeks of age, respectively. The criteria evaluated included: semen quality, fertility and maximum and effective duration of fertility, blood characteristics, body and testes weight. Supplemental vitamin E did not affect cockerels' effective duration of fertility and percentage of fertility. However, when pullets were inseminated with diluted semen, supplementing 160 mg/kg vitamin E increased the maximum duration of fertility at 49 weeks of age. Cockerels receiving 40 to 160mg/kg supplements had higher sperm viability and motility after 39 weeks of age and those fed 80 mg/kg had higher sperm concentration at 39 weeks of age. Cockerels receiving supplements of more than 40 mg/kg vitamin E had higher body weight gain. Plasma cholesterol and testosterone were not affected by supplemental vitamin E. However, plasma luteinising hormone (LH) concentration was lower in cockerels fed 160 mg/kg. Lack of supplemental vitamin E over 39 weeks was associated with lower semen quality but did not reduce the proportion of fertile eggs laid by inseminated hens, perhaps because the insemination dose compensated for low sperm quality. We found that the maximum duration of fertility might be improved by supplementing 160 mg/kg vitamin E at 49 weeks of age.     

不同硼水平对烤烟干物质累积和氮磷钾吸收的影响

研究了不同硼浓度下烤烟干物质累积和氮磷钾养分的吸收特点。结果表明,不同硼浓度下烤烟干物质累积和氮磷钾吸收动态均可用Logistic方程描述。硼浓度为0～2.00 mg/L时,各处理烤烟的干物质累积量及氮磷钾吸收量均随着硼浓度的增加而逐渐增加;硼浓度为200～400 mg/L时,各处理烤烟的干物质累积量和氮磷钾吸收量则随着硼浓度的增加而逐渐减少。就烤烟氮磷钾最大累积速率而言,各施硼水平下最大养分累积速率均以钾素最高,氮素其次,磷素的累积速率最低,且硼浓度为0.25～2.00 mg/L的各处理烤烟干物质和氮磷钾养分最大累积速率均高于其他3个处理。就烤烟氮磷钾最大累积速率出现的时间而言,3种元素各不一致,基本表现为硼浓度为0.25～2.00 mg/L各处理烤烟干物质和氮磷钾养分最大累积速率出现时间均晚于其他3个处理。     

液压挖掘机自动控制系统的设计和实现

为了提高液压挖掘机操纵系统自动化程度,对WY1.5型液压挖掘机的液压系统进行电液比例控制改造,在不改变原手动操纵系统功能的基础上,增设一套自动操纵系统,基于移动车辆控制器编程实现对挖掘机的自动控制。对改造后的液压挖掘机自动控制操纵系统进行试验,结果表明改造后自动操纵系统能够完成手动操纵系统的全部控制功能,运行稳定。     

汽车驾驶机器人模糊神经网络换挡控制方法

为了实现汽车驾驶机器人挡位决策的智能化,提出了一种驾驶机器人模糊神经网络换挡控制方法.模糊神经网络模型的输入为驾驶机器人油门机械腿的位移、试验车辆的车速和加速度,模型的输出为挡位.输入变量的隶属函数都为3个,类型都采用广义钟形函数gbellmf,网络训练算法选用反向传播算法和最小二乘法相结合的混合学习算法.仿真结果表明,汽车驾驶机器人模糊神经网络控制仿真挡位与试验挡位基本一致,该方法可根据操作工况环境实现正确的汽车驾驶机器人挡位控制.     

黄河流域传统果园发展现状及旅游发展潜力分析

全国重要农业文化遗产系统构成了令人叹为观止的优美人文景观,展现着传统农业生态多样性、生态系统适应性和珍贵的文化遗产。这些世代相传的农业系统构成了当代和未来农业创新和技术的基石。已公布的37个传统果园类全国重要农业文化遗产地,有14个沿黄河流域分布,是我国果业重要的发源地。拟以黄河流域的传统果园为研究对象,系统梳理其发展历史、现状及传统果园农耕系统,同时重点分析黄河流域主要果品的区位发展优劣势,最后结合传统果园的人文价值和区域经济发展因素等,综合探索传统果园的传承和利用途径,为我国果业发展提供传统农业系统和技术创新基础,也为传统果园的保护和传承发展以及农业管理部门挖掘和健全果园文化遗产保护机制提供参考。     

电磁执行器直接驱动的AMT换挡机构

为提高机械式自动变速器（AMT）换挡品质并缩短换挡过程动力中断时间,提出了一种电磁直线执行器直接驱动的AMT换挡机构。换挡机构运动总质量为1.37 kg,较传统全电式AMT换挡机构总质量（约1.78 kg）降低23%。对换挡过程进行了分段研究,并在换挡过程数学模型和AMT试验台架基础上,验证了设计方案的可行性。换挡机构换挡过程中无选挡操作,可实现挡位切换时退、进挡同时进行的功能,转速差为500 r/min、转动惯量为0.03 kg·m2,换挡时3挡至4挡的换挡时间约为120 ms,提升了AMT的换挡品质,且仍有进一步提高的余地。研究表明,电磁直线执行器直接驱动的AMT换挡机构可实现自动换挡功能。     

Glutathione content of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes collected from different reproductive stages

Glutathione (GSH) concentrations of oocytes are considered as an important marker of the cytoplasmic maturation. The present study was designed to compare GSH concentrations of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes. In vivo matured oocytes were collected 72 hr after ovulation by flushing fallopian tubes after laparotomy. Ovaries were collected from bitches with different reproductive stages, and collected oocytes were divided into 2 groups according to the size viz. < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter and cultured for 72 hr in Tissue Culture Medium-199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 2.2 mg/ml sodium bicarbonate, 2.0 microg/ml estrogen, 0.5 microg/ml FSH, 0.03 IU/ml hCG, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution in the presence or absence of 50 microM beta-mercaptoethanol. GSH concentrations were determined by the dithionitrobenzoic acid-glutathione disulfide (DTNB-GSSG) reductase recycling assay. GSH concentrations of immature canine oocytes were 2.9 and 3.8, 3.5 and 6.8, and 3.1 and 6.5 pM/oocyte for < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter oocyte groups at anestrous, follicular and luteal stage, respectively (P<0.05). In vivo matured oocytes had significantly higher GSH concentrations compared with in vitro matured oocytes. The GSH content was 19.2 pM/oocyte for in vivo matured oocytes, while 4.1 to 8.1 and 5.7 to 13.2 pM/oocyte for in vitro matured oocytes cultured in the absence or presence of beta-mercaptoethanol, respectively (P<0.05). Presence of beta-mercaptoethanol increased GSH synthesis in canine oocytes cultured in vitro, and oocytes collected from follicular and luteal stage was superior to anestrus oocytes.