从野外昆虫体内分离的5株微孢子虫的生物学特性与分子系统发育研究

从广西蚕区的野外昆虫菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae)、桑尺蠖(Hemerophila atrilineata)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)的体内收集到5株对家蚕有一定食下感染力的微孢子虫,通过生物学性状、分子系统发育研究,为其分类鉴定提供依据。来自野外昆虫的5株微孢子虫均具有Nosema属的生物学特性:显微镜下观察形状均呈长卵圆形,与家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis,Nb)有较明显差异;在生活史的各发育阶段均为双核,以二分裂方式增殖,最后形成双核成熟孢子;与Nb抗血清均产生阳性凝聚反应;超微结构观察均具双核,极丝圈数在12～14圈之间,极丝倾斜角与Nb有差异。根据5株野外昆虫微孢子虫与其它昆虫微孢子虫基于SSU rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树,以及基于SSU rRNA和rRNA ITS基因序列进行的相似性和遗传距离分析,初步认为5株野外昆虫微孢子虫与家蚕微孢子虫同属异种。     

Abnormalities of miR-21 expression in human breast cancer is associated with distinctive pathologic features and shortened postoperative survival

AIM: To investigate the potential relevance of miR-21 expression level to clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival. METHODS: 113 BRCA cases with more then 5 years fallow-up data were selected. Total RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of 113 breast cancer (BRCA) and normal adjacent tissues (NATs) were isolated for miR-21 quantitative analysis by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: The miR-21 expression levels in BRCA were significantly higher than those in NATs (P<0.01) with average up-regulated level of 1.74 ± 0.48. Interestingly, high level expression of miR-21 was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage (P<0.01), lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), and shorter survival of the patients ［hazard ratio (HR)=5.476, P<0.01］. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-21 was one of independent prognostic impacts (HR=4.133, P<0.01) on BRCA. CONCLUSION: Over-expression of miR-21 is associated with poor prognosis of BRCA and may serve as an independent prognostic marker for BRCA.     

秸秆覆盖与镇压对小黑麦生长状况的影响

以小黑麦作为研究材料,通过设置5种不同的秸秆覆盖与镇压处理,在小黑麦的各个生长期对其进行生理指标的测定,研究秸秆覆盖与镇压对小黑麦鲜重和干物质重、株高、次生根、叶片数的影响.试验结果表明:5种处理下小黑麦的生长状况呈现出了:A4＞ A3＞ A＞ A1＞ A5.而且A4处理下小黑麦的生长状况明显大于其他各组处理下小黑麦的...     

水分胁迫及复水过程4种牧草形态及其生理特征表达

草地作为半干旱区的主要植被类型之一,开展牧草对土壤水分变化响应机制的研究,对于该地区水资源的可持续利用和生态环境的建设均有重要意义。本文以选取半干旱区4种典型牧草作为研究对象,在对其进行干旱及旱后复水处理模拟自然降水过程的基础上,分析牧草的形态、水分生理、光合生理等特征对土壤水分变化的响应,结果表明：① 水分胁迫下牧草地上形态指标（单叶面积、地上干重）呈显著的下降趋势,而地下形态指标（地下干重、根冠比）则反之;复水结束后,牧草形态特征指标有明显的恢复,披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)和黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)出现了超补偿效应。② 水分胁迫下牧草水分生理特征表现为明显的下降趋势,复水后逐渐恢复,复水14~21 d后基本恢复对照组水平。干旱条件下,2种豆科牧草能维持较高的水势,属于高水势延迟脱水型;而禾本科牧草属于低水势忍耐脱水型。③ 水分胁迫下,牧草光合生理特征也表现为明显的下降趋势,轻微水分胁迫能够暂时提高豆科牧草光合能力;豆科和禾本科牧草叶片光合特性对干旱的响应机制存在一定的差异,面对干旱胁迫,豆科牧草通过及时关闭气孔来减少水分散失,而禾本科牧草通过延缓气孔关闭牺牲叶片水分的方式维持正常生长。     

种牛精液冷冻和保存效果研究进展

随着养牛业的高速发展,牛精液液体保存技术的研究也在逐步深入。人工授精技术降低了养殖成本,加速了肉牛的繁殖改良,同时还促进了育种工作的进程,合理有效的使用人工授精技术能够提高牛的饲养效益。与此同时,优良的种牛精液品质也是改良的关键,有实验结果表明：遗传、气候环境、饲养管理等因素会影响牛的精液品质[1],同时强制运动也是决定种牛精液品质的关键环节[2]。合理的精液冷冻与保存不仅能发挥优良的精液品质,同时也为人工授精技术的发展提供保障。本文从牛精液新型冷冻保护剂和损伤修复、牛精液冷冻保存添加剂、牛冷冻精在人工受精中的应用、冷冻保存的发展前景等方面总结了我国牛精液冷冻保存技术的研究和发展,以期对今后种牛精液冷冻和保存技术发展有所帮助、提供参考。     

Locomotion Score and Its Impacts on Production Performance and Blood Routine Indexes in Chinese Holstein

To investigate the influencing factors of locomotion score (LS) and its impacts on production performance and blood routine index in Holstein,body condition score (BCS),LS and DHI (dairy herd improvement) of 1 486 lactating cows from two dairy farms,and the blood routine indexes of 101 lactating cows from one farm in Beijing were measured.The fixed model was used to analyze the impacts of herd,parity and lactation stage on LS,and the impacts of LS and BCS on daily milk yield,somatic cell score,milk composition and blood routine indexes in dairy cows.The results showed that both parity and lactation stage had significant impacts on LS.The LS increased with the increase of parit,the LS increased by 0.71 from first lactation to fifth and above lactation.The LS of cow in lactation stage Ⅲ(100-199 d) and Ⅵ (after 350 d) were significantly higher than cow in stage Ⅱ (45-99 d)(P<0.05),and both were higher than 2.The LS had no significant impacts on daily milk yield,milk composition and somatic cell score (P>0.05).However,the milk yield of the cow with LS≥4 was the lowest,and a decrease of 2.29 kg was found compared with the cow with LS=1.Among the various blood routine indexes,LS had significant impacts on red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count (P<0.05),and had no significant impacts on white blood cell count (P>0.05).With the increase of LS,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count of cows decreased with different extents.There were some problems on the body immunity and hematopoiesis of cows with poor LS.In dairy farm,regular evaluation of LS could be used to find the management problems of feet and legs,which had a great significance to reduce the loss of production performance and early culling caused by hoof disease.     

昭通植烟土壤的有机质与氮含量

在昭通市8个产烟县(区)采集605个植烟耕层土壤进行分析。结果表明,昭通植烟土壤有机质和全氮含量中偏高,平均含量分别为2.63%和0.13%,处于中上以上水平含量的土壤样本分别占76.19%和67.6%。速效氮含量平均107.28 mg/kg,处于中上以上水平含量的土壤样本占95.37%。各产烟县(区)植烟土壤有机质和全氮含量地域分布差异较大,其中镇雄县和威信县较高,巧家县和永善县较低。全市植烟土壤有机质和氮素含量从地理分布上表现出由南向北递增、自东向西递减的趋势。     

灰茶尺蠖触角感器的扫描电镜观察

使用扫描电子显微镜对灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens成虫触角感器的种类、形态和分布进行了观察。结果表明:灰茶尺蠖触角上主要存在3种感器,分别为毛形感器(sensilla trichodea, ST)、刺形感器(sensilla chaetica, SC)和栓锥形感器(sensilla styloconica, SS)。感器的种类和分布在雌雄成虫触角上没有差异。     

不同光质照射下真姬菇的生长发育与光受体的响应表达

采用5种不同光质光源,分别对真姬菇(Hypsizygusmarmoreus)的菌丝、原基和子实体进行照射,检测菌丝生长速度、原基形成数量、子实体菌柄长度、菌柄直径、菌盖直径以及产量等。结果显示:真姬菇菌丝在黑暗和红光下生长较快,在红绿蓝复合光下生长最慢;在蓝光下形成的原基数量最多,而在红光下原基数量最少;子实体阶段,黑暗下菌柄的长度及直径最大,绿光下菌柄长度及直径最小;而在蓝光和红绿蓝复合光下菌盖直径最大。相同培养时间,真姬菇在黑暗和蓝光下产量较高,在绿光下产量最低。进一步检测真姬菇光受体基因WC1和WC2在不同光质条件下的差异表达。结果表明,在菌柄中WC1在黑暗下表达量最高,WC2在蓝光下表达量最高;而在菌盖中WC1和WC2均在蓝光下表达量最高。     

聚丙烯酸钠对黄土坡面产流产沙的影响研究

通过野外模拟降雨试验,研究了施用SP对黄土坡面产流、产沙的影响,并对实验数据进行数学模拟,建立了SP施用量与产流、产沙强度间的关系模型.结果表明:SP施用量与产流时间、平均产流强度呈二次函数相关关系,与产沙强度呈线性负相关关系.SP用量在0～2.42 g/m\+2之间时,能够延缓坡面产流,用量为1.21 g/m\+2时延缓产流效果最明显;用量介于0～3.31 g/m2之间时,能够增加土壤入渗,减少坡面产流量,用量1.65 g/m2的增渗减流效果最佳;施用SP后,能够减少坡面输沙强度,且用量越大,减沙效果越明显.SP可影响坡面产流过程,用量1.8 g/m2时,能够减小产流初期径流强度增幅,用量为3.6 g/m2时,其产流过程线与对照极接近,而施用量增加到5.4 g/m2时,产流强度明显增大.SP对坡面产沙过程的影响表现为:随施用量增大,产沙强度峰值呈逐步减小的变化趋势.