特早熟高糖甘蔗新品种粤糖00-236的选育

粤糖00-236是广州甘蔗糖业研究所湛江甘蔗研究中心以粤农73-204为母本、CP72-1210为父本进行杂交选育而成的甘蔗新品种。多年试验结果表明,该品种萌芽好,分蘖力强,中至中大茎,原料茎数多,不易风折和倒伏,抗黑穗病、高抗嵌纹病,宿根性好,特早熟高糖、高产稳产。平均蔗茎产量比新台糖10号增产23.1%,甘蔗蔗糖分10月14.80%,10～1月平均16.63%,比新台糖10号提高1.77%(绝对值)。2005年12月通过了由湛江市科学技术局组织的技术鉴定。     

河西荒漠绿洲区草地农业发展技术研究--以民勤绿洲为例

通过对民勤绿洲自然、社会、经济现状的分析评价,引进并筛选出了适应性强、光能利用率和产草量高、营养全面、饲用价值高、适宜河西荒漠绿洲区栽培的兰热莱恩德(Ranger Lander)、凯恩(Kane)、新疆和田大叶3个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种.在民勤绿洲灌溉条件下,年刈割4茬,年灌水3 000 m3/hm2,种植第3年分别取得18 793,12 953,14 688 kg/hm2的干草产量和3 535,2 474,3 114 kg/hm2的粗蛋白产量;光能利用率达1.77%,1.22%,1.38%.并组建草畜产业生产基地,进行了苜蓿人工草地建植、节水丰产栽培、产业化生产、改良土壤、培肥地力及种草养畜的配套技术研究、示范与推广.形成了以苜蓿草粉、苜蓿干草等草产品和小尾寒羊种羊及肥羔生产为格局的草畜产业,实现了苜蓿和家畜生产2个"S"型生长曲线的高效耦合,建立了干旱荒漠区特有的草地农业发展模式.指出只有建立草地农业系统,发展以苜蓿产业为主的节水型现代草地农业,才是干旱荒漠区可持续发展的关键.     

家蚕突变型浓黑蛹(bP2)的遗传分析

家蚕浓黑蛹(bp2)发现于家蚕基因库的桂灰卵(GrK)突变基因的保存系统,其蛹体色为黑色,在相同的保护温度下,明显比黑蛹(bp)突变基因的表型浓。经与正常型蛹进行杂交分析表明,浓黑蛹为隐性突变;用家蚕龙角基因(K)系统与其进行连锁分析表明,浓黑蛹与K连锁,仍然属于第11连锁群;用黑蛹(bp)与浓黑蛹进行杂交,后代仍然表现为黑蛹,表明浓黑蛹与黑蛹(bp)为相同基因座的遗传突变。据此将浓黑蛹基因符号命为bp2。     

甘蔗新品种粤糖00-236蔗产量及其构成因子间相关和多元回归分析

对早熟高糖新品种粤糖00-236产量及其构成因子进行了相关、多元回归和通径分析.相关分析结果表明,有效茎数、茎长和茎径3个性状对蔗茎产量影响为有效茎数>茎长>茎径;多元同归分析结果表明,有效茎数对蔗茎产量的贡献最大,其次是茎长,茎径最小,3个因索对蔗茎产量的多元同归方程为y=42.70608+1.31937x1+26....     

QTL Detection and Epistasis Analysis for Heading Date Using Single Segment Substitution Lines in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Heading date of rice is a key agronomic trait determining cultivated areas and seasons and affecting yield. In the present study, five primary single segment substitution lines with the same genetic background were used to detect quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for heading date in rice. Two QTLs, q HD3 and q HD6 on the short arm of chromosome 3 and the short arm of chromosome 6, respectively, were identified under natural long-day(NLD). Nineteen secondary single segment substitution lines(SSSLs) and seven double segments pyramiding lines were designed to map the two QTLs and to evaluate their epistatic interaction between them. By overlapping mapping, q HD3 was mapped in a 791-kb interval between SSR markers RM3894 and RM569 and q HD6 in a 1 125-kb interval between RM587 and RM225. Results revealed the existence of epistatic interaction between q HD3 and q HD6 under natural long-day(NLD). It was also found that q HD3 and q HD6 had significant effects on plant height and yield traits, indicating that both of the QTLs have pleiotropic effects.     

水稻紫色叶鞘基因的遗传分析

紫色叶鞘是水稻重要的农艺性状。本研究利用带有紫色叶鞘的水稻染色体单片段代换系W23—07—6—02—14与受体亲本华粳籼74杂交,发展17：次级分离群体,对水稻紫叶鞘基因进行鉴定。该代换系的代换区间为RM190-RM204-RM225-RM217-RM253-RN50-RM402-RM539-RM136-PSM388-RM3-RM541-RMl62-RM275-RM340,在第6染色体上,叶色基因暂时被命名为PSH（t）。研究发现F1代单株表现为紫色,F2代单株紫色与绿色分离比例符合3：1,证明紫色是由一对显性基因控制的。本研究为叶色基因的精细定位和克隆奠定了基础。     

Maximum vs minimum harmonization: what to expect from the institutional and legal battles in the EU on gene editing technologies

New plant‐breeding technologies (NPBTs), including gene editing, are widely used and drive the development of new crops. However, these new technologies are disputed, creating uncertainty in how their application for agricultural and food uses will be regulated. While in North America regulatory systems respond with a differentiated approach to NPBTs, the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) has in effect made most if not all NPBT subject to the same regulatory regime as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This paper discusses from a law and economics point of view different options that are available for the EU's multi‐level legal order. Using an ex‐ante regulation versus ex‐post liability framework allows the economic implications of different options to be addressed. The results show that under current conditions, some options are more expensive than others. The least costly option encompasses regulating new crops derived from NPBTs similar to those used in ‘conventional’ breeding. The current regulatory situation in the EU, namely making the use of NPBTs subject to the same conditions as GMOs, is the most costly option. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

河西走廊盐碱地治理模式研究

河西走廊由于其独特的地形、地质、水文结构和干旱气候条件,极易形成盐渍化土地,利用工程改良模式、草畜培肥地力模式、林药栽培模式治理盐碱地,使盐碱地资源得到持续利用,取得了较好的效益。     

抗水稻黑条矮缩病RNA干扰载体的构建及遗传转化

水稻黑条矮缩病是由水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起的水稻病害,该病可导致病株生长迟缓、矮化、抽穗结实困难,严重影响了水稻的生产。在水稻黑条矮缩病毒基因组不同双链RNA序列的基础上,分别设计了5对特异性引物,通过RT-PCR获得了相应片段,结合基因沉默的方法,分别构建RNA干扰载体,并进一步将发夹结构构建入以玉米泛素Ubi为启动子、以bar基因为选择标记的改造后的植物双元表达载体pCA1300-Ubi中,经农杆菌介导对黄淮稻区主栽水稻品种圣稻13进行遗传转化,成功获得了5个含有水稻黑条矮缩病干扰片段的植物双元表达载体,经农杆菌介导获得了部分水稻转化植株。旨在为下一步对水稻黑条矮缩病的研究及抗病水稻新品种的培育提供材料。     

糖能兼用甘蔗新品种粤糖96-86的选育与种性分析

粤糖96-86是广州甘蔗糖业研究所以粤糖85-177为母本、崖城野生蔗F2代粤糖74-141为父本杂交育成的糖能兼用品种.多年新、宿41点次试验,粤糖96-86蔗茎产量和含糖量分别为109.25 t/hm<'2>和16.91t/hm2,比ROC 10增产33.8%,增糖36.9%;11月～翌年1月平均甘蔗蔗糖分15.47%.比ROC 10提高0.35个百分点.有效茎数和茎长是影响蔗茎产量的主要因素和重要因素,对蔗茎产量贡献最大.高产栽培上应侧重有效茎数和提高植株的高度.产蔗量75～105 t/hm<'2>的较合理群体结构为:有效茎数在5.55万～6.75万条/hm<'2>,茎长在240～265 cm,茎径在2.79～3.17 cm;产蔗量105～135 t/hm<'2>的较合理群体结构为:有效茎数在6.75万～7.95万条/hm2,茎长在260～285 cm,茎径在2.77～3.11 cm.