AHP法和DTOPSIS法相结合在甘蔗育种中的应用

利用AHP法对甘蔗10个重要性状进行权重分配,应用DTOPSIS法对10个粤糖系列甘蔗新品系进行综合分析。应用AHP法对甘蔗毛群数、株高、脱叶性、茎径、宿根发株数、有效茎数、抗病性、蔗茎产量、蔗糖分和含糖量等10个重要性状进行权重分配,得到10个评价指标权重分别为0.0134、0.0227、0.0302、0.0408、0.0653、0.0881、0.1162、0.1606、0.1984和0.2645,且随机一致性比例C.R.=0.0981<0.1,评价指标权重分配合理。结合AHP法分配权重,应用DTOPSIS法对10个甘蔗新品系进行综合分析,结果表明,粤糖03-393和粤糖03-373综合表现突出,相对接近度Ci排序中,位于第1位和第2位,与实际调查结果基本一致。说明应用AHP法和DTOPSIS法相结合综合评价作物新品种具有可行性,同时为甘蔗新品系选育提供了参考。     

Screening for plant transporter function by expressing a normalized Arabidopsis full-length cDNA library in Xenopus oocytes

Background  

We have developed a functional genomics approach based on expression cloning in Xenopus oocytes to identify plant transporter function. We utilized the full-length cDNA databases to generate a normalized library consisting of 239 full-length Arabidopsis thaliana transporter cDNAs. The genes were arranged into a 96-well format and optimized for expression in Xenopus oocytes by cloning each coding sequence into a Xenopus expression vector.     

玉米锌指蛋白基因ZmAN14过表达转基因烟草对非生物胁迫的响应

【目的】ZmAN14是玉米A20/AN1型锌指蛋白基因家族成员,该家族在水稻中广泛参与非生物胁迫应答。通过分析玉米旱21（H21）及转ZmAN14烟草在非生物胁迫下的表达情况,为玉米ZmAN14及其家族的功能和分子机制的全面解析提供新信息。【方法】通过对ZmAN14进行序列分析,发现其属于玉米A20/AN1型锌指蛋白基因家族。以玉米自交系H21为研究材料,在三叶期时对其进行非生物胁迫和ABA诱导处理,0、1、3、6、12和24 h时取整株样品,同时在玉米不同生长期取根、茎、叶、胚芽鞘、雌蕊、雄蕊、花丝、苞叶等不同组织样品,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法对ZmAN14的组织表达谱和非生物胁迫及ABA诱导的表达谱进行分析,并结合启动子区顺式作用元件分布情况进行对比分析。将ZmAN14编码序列克隆至GFP表达载体pMDC85,利用亚细胞定位技术验证ZmAN14在胞内的定位情况。将ZmAN14克隆至GAL4 DNA结合结构域载体,并转化酵母,将其涂布在缺陷培养基上观察酵母生长情况,分析其有无转录激活活性。将ZmAN14编码区与植物表达载体p1300-221连接构建超表达载体,并将其转入烟草,选择ZmAN14 mRNA 表达量高的T₂纯合体株系进行盐、干旱胁迫和ABA诱导,观察其对非生物胁迫的应答。【结果】序列分析表明,ZmAN14开放阅读框（ORF）为516 bp,编码一个171个氨基酸的蛋白,预测分子量为18.3 kD,等电点是8.28。ZmAN14具有A20和AN1结构域,属于玉米A20/AN1型锌指蛋白基因家族。实时定量荧光PCR结果表明ZmAN14在叶中大量表达,受NaCl、干旱胁迫和ABA诱导上调。ZmAN14与GFP融合蛋白定位于细胞质和细胞核中,定位结果与ZNF216 和ZmAN13类似,而ZmAN14本身并没有核定位信号,暗示ZmAN14与其他蛋白结合进入细胞核中发挥其生物学功能。ZmAN14在酵母中表达时不能在酵母缺陷培养基（SD/-Leu-His medium）上生长,因此,未发现其具有转录激活活性。将ZmAN14在烟草中过表达会增加烟草苗期对盐和干旱的抗性。【结论】ZmAN14属于玉米A20/AN1型锌指蛋白基因家族。ZmAN14主要在叶中表达,受非生物胁迫和ABA诱导,在烟草中过表达可以提高烟草苗期对盐和干旱的抗性。ZmAN14可能通过与其他蛋白的互作行使功能。相比较于其他的A20/AN1型锌指蛋白,在转基因烟草中,ZmAN14也参与非生物胁迫应答。ZmAN14与ZmAN13具有高同源性,但在盐和干旱胁迫时,二者却具有向反方向调控的功能。     

施肥量和种植密度对粤糖60号产量和蔗糖分的影响

采用正交试验,探索甘蔗新品种粤糖60号在广东湛江蔗区获得高产、稳产的最佳施肥量和适宜种植密度.结果表明,粤糖60号出苗率、分蘖率、成茎率、茎长对肥料施用量和种植密度反应不敏感;茎径和有效茎数对氮肥量、钾肥量和下种量反应敏感,对磷肥反应不敏感;随着施肥量和下种量的增大,蔗糖分会显著降低.各因素中均以水平2(氮肥0.825 t/hm2、磷肥1.875 t/hm2、钾肥0.675 t/hm2和49 500段双芽苗/hm2)时蔗茎产量最高,以氮肥0.600t/hm2、磷肥1.125 t/hm2、钾肥0.900 t/hm2、下种49 500段双芽苗/hm2水平组合时的含糖量最高.因此,氮肥0.825t/hm2、磷肥1.125～1.875 t/hm2、钾肥0.675～0.900 t/hm2、下种量49 500段双芽苗/hm2为粤糖60号在广东湛江蔗区最佳施肥量和适宜种植密度.     

QTL Detection and Epistasis Analysis for Heading Date Using Single Segment Substitution Lines in Rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Heading date of rice is a key agronomic trait determining cultivated areas and seasons and affecting yield. In the present study, ifve primary single segment substitution lines with the same genetic background were used to detect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for heading date in rice. Two QTLs, qHD3 and qHD6 on the short arm of chromosome 3 and the short arm of chromosome 6, respectively, were identiifed under natural long-day （NLD）. Nineteen secondary single segment substitution lines （SSSLs） and seven double segments pyramiding lines were designed to map the two QTLs and to evaluate their epistatic interaction between them. By overlapping mapping, qHD3 was mapped in a 791-kb interval between SSR markers RM3894 and RM569 and qHD6 in a 1 125-kb interval between RM587 and RM225. Results revealed the existence of epistatic interaction between qHD3 and qHD6 under natural long-day （NLD）. It was also found that qHD3 and qHD6 had signiifcant effects on plant height and yield traits, indicating that both of the QTLs have pleiotropic effects.     

与太谷核不育小麦Tal基因连锁的RAPD标记的筛选

本试验采用599个引物对太谷核不育小麦的一对近等基因系进行RAPD分析，筛选到一个稳定的特异引物OPO01，用该引物对太谷核不育小麦的杂交后代育性分离群体进行RAPD分析，从而确定了OPO01900与Tal基因的遗传距离为14.7±0.87cM。     

家蚕基因库突变系统的研究

 经过十几年的研究 ,整理了包括最早于 2 0世纪 4 0年代 ,尤其是 80年代后期以来收集、引进、创造的家蚕各种突变基因、染色体变异系统及特色遗传材料 10 0 0余份 ,通过对其进行形态、生理、生化性状的鉴定和遗传分析 ,构建和完善的保存系统有 6 0 0余个家蚕基因的资源库 ,保存的家蚕突变基因种类覆盖国际现存家蚕突变基因的 90 %以上。其中珍稀突变基因达 10 0多个 ,首次发现的突变基因 6 0余个。通过对突变系统进行杂交分析 ,连锁检索和三点测验定位 ,构建了完善的家蚕连锁检索标记体系 ,含全部 2 8个连锁群的标志基因有 2 30个 ;构建了各连锁群的基因定位系统 (隐性基因合成系 ) ;发现了基因互补突变卵色和第三型母性遗传卵色 ,发现了白色卵突变基因上位作用的普遍性。育成了以形态突变基因为标记的、相互独立的近等基因系 2 8个。开发了高饲料效率、性别标记、天然有色茧丝、抗病性、广食性、可控制单性别孵化等一系列有重大应用前景的有用突变基因育种新素材。建立了较为完善的家蚕基因资源持续保存的方法和管理技术体系。     

水稻细胞质雄性不育的育性遗传及恢复基因的定位研究进展

阐述了水稻细胞质雄性不育及育性恢复的遗传特点以及恢复基因的分子标记定位研究进展,同时对恢复基因的精细定位与克隆做了简单介绍,为今后进一步对水稻恢复基因的研究和应用提供参考。     

Involvement of PAPP‐A and IGFR1 in Cystic Ovarian Disease in Cattle

Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is one of the main causes of infertility in dairy cattle. It has been shown that intra‐ovarian factors, such as members of the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system, may contribute to follicular persistence. The bioavailability of IGF to initiate its response by binding to specific receptors (IGFRs) depends on interactions with related compounds, such as pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A). The aim of this study was to determine IGFR1 and PAPP‐A expression both in follicles at different stages of development and in cysts, to evaluate the roles in the etiopathogenesis of COD in cattle. The mRNA expression of PAPP‐A was higher in granulosa cells of large tertiary follicles than in cysts, whereas the protein PAPP‐A present in the follicular fluid from these follicles showed no differences. Although no PAPP‐A mRNA expression was detected in smaller tertiary follicles, in their follicular fluid, this protease was detected in lesser concentration than in cysts. The mRNA expression of IGFR1 was lower in granulosa cells from cystic follicles than in those from tertiary ones. However, the protein expression of this receptor presented the highest levels in cystic structures, probably to increase the possibility of IGF response. The data obtained would indicate that animals with COD have an altered regulation of the IGF system in the ovary, which could be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease in cattle.