农地整理项目水资源平衡分析方法研究

以山西省繁峙县大营镇基本农田整理项目为典型案例,根据区域气候、水文地质及农业灌溉条件,定量分析了项目区地表水资源、地下水资源量可利用量以及农业灌溉需水和生活需水量,着重探讨一种适合我国北方地表水资源缺乏地区农地整理项目的水资源平衡分析方法,为类似农地整理项目区水资源平衡分析提供一种参考模式。     

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.     

对内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原全球第1148号国际重要湿地的展望

The Taolimiao-Alashan Nur(T-A Nur),of about 10km2 a brackish lake located on the Ordos upland of western Inner Mongolia,northern China,used to be not only supporting the largest breeding colony of the Relict Gull(Larus relictus)but also being a very good sample of the carrying capacity of a semi-desert wetland locality for those waterbirds,both breeders and migrating vagrants,of the region,and,therefore,the T-A Nur was recognized,in 2002,the No.1148 Ramsar Site of the world.     

草食家畜母体营养对子代生命健康影响的研究进展

母体营养对胎儿基因表达的调节作用逐渐成为围产期生命营养科学研究的热点。妊娠期作为发育可塑性的关键窗口,甲基供体对胎儿发育的相关代谢基因起到修饰作用,表观遗传学可能涉及其中的分子机制。动物研究表明,母体营养供给不足或过剩都会限制胎儿的生长。结合国内外研究报道,探讨了草食家畜妊娠期母胎的营养需求、激素在稳态调节中发挥的作用以及妊娠期能量需求对妊娠健康的重要意义,概括了妊娠期草食动物营养在表观遗传学方面的研究进展,探讨了表观遗传相关技术在草食家畜育种中的应用,以期为制定草食动物妊娠期最佳营养策略、提高胚胎质量、培养高质量后代提供参考。     

马尾藻多糖对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞GSH和GSSG水平的影响

为观察马尾藻多糖(SP)对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内氧化还原状态的影响,无菌分离鸡脾脏淋巴细胞,采用终浓度为12.5、25、50、100、200μg/mL的马尾藻多糖分别刺激培养鸡脾脏淋巴细胞4、8、12、24h,测定细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)水平。结果表明,各浓度SP与鸡脾脏淋巴细胞共同培养4、8、12h均能不同程度地升高细胞内GSH水平,降低鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内GSSG水平,升高鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内GSH/GSSG比值,与空白对照组相比差异显著或极显著(P0.05或P0.01)。说明SP可以通过调节鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内GSH和GSSG的水平来调节细胞内的氧化还原状态,从而发挥其抗氧化作用。     

苦玄参提取物对仔猪血清生化指标及免疫指标的影响

试验旨在探讨苦玄参提取物对仔猪血液生化指标、抗氧化功能和部分免疫指标的影响,为苦玄参提取物在仔猪生产中的合理利用提供理论依据。选取28~35日龄、体重相近的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪250头,随机分为5组（A、B、C、D、E组）,每组5个重复,每个重复10头。其中A、B、C组依次为苦玄参提取物高、中、低剂量组,分别在基础日粮中添加3.5、1.75和0.875 g/kg苦玄参提取物;D组为药物对照组,在基础日粮中添加4.0 g/kg七补散;E组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮。预饲期7 d,正试期30 d。分别在用药14 d后和停药14 d后时,从每组中随机选取接近平均体重的10头仔猪于晨饲前进行前腔静脉采血,测定血清生化指标、抗氧化指标和免疫指标。结果显示：①各组仔猪血液生化指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）,说明苦玄参提取物对仔猪体内糖代谢、脂代谢及消化系统无显著影响;②从抗氧化指标看,添加苦玄参提取物14 d后,B组一氧化氮（NO）含量极显著高于其他组（P<0.01）,A组总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）极显著高于其他组（P<0.01）,B、D组显著或极显著高于C、E组（P<0.05;P<0.01）;而停药14 d后,E组谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量显著高于B、C、D组,各组其余指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）;③从免疫指标看,添加苦玄参提取物14 d后,B组免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量极显著高于其他组（P<0.01）,A组白细胞介素6（IL-6）含量显著高于B、D、E组（P<0.05）;而停药14 d后,各组免疫指标差异不显著（P>0.05）;综上所述,日粮中添加0.875~3.5 g/kg苦玄参提取物对仔猪无不良影响,且可在一定程度上增强机体的抗氧化功能和机体免疫水平。     

褪黑素受体MT1和MT2在绵羊胃中的分布及表达

【目的】应用分子生物学技术探究绵羊不同胃室组织褪黑素(MT)特异性膜受体MT1和MT2的分布规律及表达模式,以初步探明绵羊不同胃室组织褪黑素调节胃消化的生物效应机制。【方法】采集绵羊瘤胃背囊、瘤胃腹囊、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃5个组织部位,用ELISA、实时荧光定量PCR、免疫组化和Western blotting方法检测褪黑素特异性膜受体MT1和MT2在绵羊胃组织不同部位的分布规律及表达模式。【结果】ELISA结果显示,绵羊各胃组织中均含有褪黑素,且皱胃中褪黑素含量最高,瓣胃次之,瘤胃背囊、瘤胃腹囊和网胃中均较低。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,MT1和MT2基因mRNA在皱胃中含量均最高,其次是瘤胃腹囊,在瘤胃背囊和网胃中含量较低。免疫组化结果显示,MT1和MT2蛋白在绵羊各胃组织中均有分布,主要表达于各胃组织的黏膜层,且在皱胃腺体中的分布呈从底部到颈部逐渐增多的趋势。Western blotting结果显示,MT1和MT2蛋白在网胃中表达均最高,瓣胃次之,在瘤胃背囊、瘤胃腹囊和皱胃中表达均较低。【结论】褪黑素在绵羊各胃组织中差异化表达从而发挥多样性生理功能,可能通过与胃组织上特异性受体MT1和MT2结合,通过信号传导系统而调控前胃受食糜刺激后发生反刍生理过程。     

青海甘德县高寒区播期对7个燕麦品种产量和品质的影响

为筛选出适宜甘德高县寒地区种植的优良燕麦(Avena sativa)品种及其最佳播期,研究了7个燕麦品种4个播期(2020年5月23日、5月30日、6月6日、6月13日)的生产性能和营养品质,并运用灰色关联度和聚类分析进行了综合评价.结果 表明:5月30日播种的梦龙干草产量最高,为20022 kg/hm2,莫妮卡次之,为19835 kg/hm2,5月30日播种的陇燕3号粗蛋白含量最高,为5.57％.随着播期推迟,7个燕麦品种分蘖数呈先增加后减小趋势,茎基直径逐渐减小.利用干草产量、粗蛋白含量、中性洗涤纤维含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量和可溶性糖含量的相对值进行灰色关联度综合评价得出,在甘德县高寒地区,5月23日种植的青海444综合表现最优,其次是5月30日种植的青引2号.通过聚类分析将其分为干草产量高、干草产量低、粗蛋白含量高、粗蛋白含量低4大类.     

施用尿素当年对退化天然草地物种地上生物量和重要值的影响

试验采取不同施肥梯度对内蒙古太仆寺旗地区的退化天然草地进行改良,经研究发现,不同物种对施肥梯度的反应不同。羊草在施尿素50 kg/hm²时地上生物量最大,在群落中重要值的上升也最明显;糙苏对施肥75 kg/hm²反应最为敏感,在群落中重要值基本呈直线上升;星毛委陵菜在施肥100 kg/hm²时地上生物量增产最大,在群落中的重要值下降也最慢。结果表明,不同的施肥梯度可以在一定程度上控制群落的物种结构。     

三峡库区野生红三叶苗期抗旱性灰色关联分析

以三峡库区采集的9份野生红三叶和3份国内外品种为材料,在干旱胁迫下,测定其地上生物量、地下生物量和脯氨酸含量等10项指标,进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明,筛选出地下生物量、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素a含量3项可对红三叶抗旱性进行评价的指标;根据红三叶抗旱性评估模型综合评估值(φ_K)得出材料的抗旱性排序为:瑞德(Red)>CQ5>CQ9>多丽(Dory)>CQ2>CQ4>CQ7>CQ3>CQ1>巫溪>CQ8>CQ6。