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91.
Physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetics in broiler chickens of a new recrystallized enrofloxacin hydrochloride dihydrate
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L. Gutierrez J. E. Miranda‐Calderon P. Garcia‐Gutierrez H. Sumano 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2015,38(2):183-189
Enrofloxacin, a key antimicrobial agent in commercial avian medicine, has limited bioavailability (60%). This prompted its chemical manipulation to yield a new solvate‐recrystallized enrofloxacin hydrochloride dihydrate entity (enroC). Its chemical structure was characterized by means of mass spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, and thermal analysis. Comparative oral pharmacokinetics (PK) of reference enrofloxacin (enroR) and enroC in broiler chickens after oral administration revealed noticeable improvements in key parameters and PK/PD ratios. Maximum serum concentration values were 2.61 ± 0.21 and 5.9 ± 0.42 μg/mL for enroR and enroC, respectively; mean residence time was increased from 5.50 ± 0.26 h to 6.20 ± 0.71 h and the relative bioavailability of enroC was 336%. Considering Cmax/MIC and AUC/MIC ratios and the MIC values for a wild‐type Escherichia coli O78/H12 (0.25 μg/mL), optimal ratios will only be achieved by enroC (Cmax/MIC = 23.6 and AUC/MIC = 197.7 for enroC; vs. Cmax/MIC = 10.4 and AUC/MIC = 78.1 for enroR). Furthermore, enroC may provide in most cases mutant prevention concentrations (Cmax/MIC ≥ 16). Ready solubility of powder enroC in drinking water at concentrations regularly used (0.01%) to provide an additional advantage of enroC in the field. Further development of enroC is warranted before it can be recommended for clinical use in veterinary medicine. 相似文献
92.
SALINE ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT FOR LOW‐FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE EQUINE PODOTROCHLEAR BURSA: FEASIBILITY STUDY
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Shannon L. McGill Santiago D. Gutierrez‐Nibeyro David J. Schaeffer Susan K. Hartman Robert T. O'Brien Stephen K. Joslyn 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(4):417-424
Abnormalities of the deep digital flexor tendon, navicular bone, and collateral sesamoidean ligament can be difficult to visualize using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if bursal fluid is absent. The use of saline podotrochlear bursography improves podotrochlear apparatus evaluation, however, the technique has disadvantages. The objective of this prospective feasibility study was to describe saline arthrography of the distal interphalangeal joint as an alternative technique for improving MRI visualization of the deep digital flexor tendon, navicular bone, collateral sesamoidean ligament, and podotrochlear bursa, and to compare this technique with saline podotrochlear bursography. Eight paired cadaver forelimbs were sampled. Saline podotrochlear bursography or saline arthrography techniques were randomly assigned to one limb, with the alternate technique performed on the contralateral limb. For precontrast and postcontrast studies using each technique, independent observers scored visualization of the dorsal aspect of the deep digital flexor tendon, palmar aspect of the navicular bone, collateral sesamoidean ligament, and podotrochlear bursa. Both contrast techniques improved visualization of structures over precontrast MR images and visualization scores for both techniques were similar. Findings from this study demonstrated that saline arthrography is feasible and comparable to saline podotrochlear bursography for producing podotrochlear bursa distension and separation of the structures of the podotrochlear apparatus on nonweight bearing limbs evaluated with low‐field MRI. Clinical evaluation of saline arthrography on live animals is needed to determine if this technique is safe and effective as an alternative to saline podotrochlear bursography in horses with suspected pathology of the podotrochlear apparatus. 相似文献
93.
94.
O. Bonato J. Baumgartner J. Gutierrez 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):1089-1094
Growth of cassava was investigated in Central Africa (Congo) on crops attacked by two phytophagous mites: Mononychellus progresivus and Oligonychus gossypii. Change and distribution of dry matter in leaves, stems and roots were monitored for the 24 month crop cycle on infested and mite-free plants. Leaf dry matter increased during the rainy season and decreased during the dry season. Stems contain the reserves used for initiating plant growth after the dry season. Dry matter increased in the roots which form true storage organs. At the start of the second year of cultivation, one third of the root biomass was used to support the recovery of plant growth and development. Mite densities fewer than 50 mobile forms per leaf (maximum number of mites) were not sufficient to cause significant loss of leaf, stem and root dry matter. Nevertheless the mites diverted part of the biomass allocated to the roots thereby reducing the efficiency of storage root production in the infested plot. 相似文献
95.
Carolina E. Chvez‐Murillo Ya‐Jane Wang Adrian G. Quintero‐Gutierrez Luis A. Bello‐Prez 《Cereal Chemistry》2011,88(3):245-252
The physicochemical properties, textural properties, and starch digestibility of rice cultivars grown in Mexico were evaluated. Variations existed in grain dimensions, and the rice grains were classified as medium, long, and extra long. Huimanguillo had the highest amylose content (30.4%), and A06, A92, A98, and Champoton presented the lowest amylose content (24.3–25.2%). The protein content was 7.1–11.0% and the lipid level was 0.47–1.22% among these Mexican cultivars. Champoton showed the highest temperature and enthalpy of gelatinization, and this with A98, Culiacan, and Huimanguillo had the highest enthalpy of retrogradation. Cotaxtla had the highest pasting peak, setback, and final viscosity. The texture assessment in cooked rice showed that A06 had the highest hardness, and A96 and A98 had the highest stickiness. There was little difference in the rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, and resistant starch content of tested Mexican rice cultivars. The differences in the physicochemical properties could be used to determine the end use of these Mexican rice cultivars. 相似文献
96.
Starbuck GR Gutierrez CG Peters AR Mann GE 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,172(1):103-108
In cows the timing of both ovulation and the subsequent postovulatory progesterone rise are critical to successful fertilisation and early embryo development. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of variability in the timing of ovulation relative to other follicular phase events and to determine how variations in the timing of follicular phase events contribute to the timing of the postovulatory progesterone rise. Plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol and luteinising hormone (LH) and the timing of oestrus and ovulation were determined following induction of luteolysis were determined in 18 mature, non-lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. Four cows were excluded on the basis of abnormal reproductive function. In the remaining 14 cows oestrus occurred at 57.4+/-4.3h and the LH surge at 54.6+/-4.0h following luteolysis (progesterone <1ngmL(-1)) followed by a fall in circulating oestradiol concentration at 64.6+/-4.4h. Cows ovulated at 88.0+/-4.7h with the postovulatory progesterone rise (to >1ngmL(-1)) occurring 159+/-7.2h after luteolysis. There was considerable variation in the timing of ovulation following luteolysis (range 64-136h) onset of oestrus (range 24-40h) and onset of the LH surge (range 24-44h). Cows were then split on the basis of interval from progesterone fall to progesterone rise giving groups (n=7 per group) with intervals of 180.6+/-6.7 and 138.3+/-5.7h (P<0.001). Between groups, both the intervals from luteolysis to ovulation (98.3+/-6.9 vs 77.7+/-3.4h; P<0.05) and ovulation to progesterone rise (82.3+/-4.2 vs. 60.6+/-5.5h; P<0.01) were longer in late rise cows. There was no difference between groups in the interval from oestrus or LH surge to ovulation. In conclusion the results of this study further highlight the high variability that exists in the timing and interrelationships of follicular phase events in the modern dairy cow, reemphasising the challenges that exist in optimising mating strategies. However, the data do suggest that in cows with poor post ovulatory progesterone secretion, the key problem appears to be poor post ovulatory development rather than a delay in ovulation. 相似文献
97.
Frequency and intensity of pyrethroid resistance through the CDC bottle bioassay and their association with the frequency of kdr mutations in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Mexico
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Beatriz Lopez‐Monroy Selene M Gutierrez‐Rodriguez Olga Karina Villanueva‐Segura Gustavo Ponce‐Garcia Franco Morales‐Forcada Leslie C Alvarez Adriana E Flores 《Pest management science》2018,74(9):2176-2184
BACKGROUND
The control of Aedes aegypti (L.), the main urban vector that causes arboviral diseases such as dengue, Chikungunya and Zika, has proved to be a challenge because of a rapid increase in insecticide resistance. Therefore, adequate monitoring of insecticide resistance is an essential element in the control of Ae. aegypti and the diseases it transmits. We estimated the frequency and intensity (Resistance Frequency Rapid Diagnostic Test [F‐RDT] and Resistance Intensity Rapid Diagnostic Test [I‐RDT]) of pyrethroid resistance in populations of Ae. aegypti from Mexico using the bottle bioassay and results were related to the frequencies of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations V1016I and F1534C.RESULTS
All populations under study were resistant to the pyrethroids: bifenthrin (99%), d‐(cis–trans)‐phenothrin (6.3% cis, 91.7% trans) and permethrin (99.5%) according to F‐RDT, and showed moderate to high‐intensity resistance at 10× the diagnostic dose (DD) in I‐RDT. Frequencies of the kdr mutation V1016I in Ae. aegypti populations were correlated with moderate permethrin resistance at 10× DD, whereas F1534C mutation frequencies were correlated with high bifenthrin resistance at 5× DD. Both I1016 and C1535 were highly correlated with high‐intensity phenothrin resistance at 1× to 10× DD.CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that high frequencies of kdr mutations V1016I and F1534C are reflected in the results of F‐RDT and I‐RDT tests. Bioassays in conjunction with the characterization of genetic resistance mechanisms are indispensable in the strategic and rational management of resistance in mosquitoes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry98.
INJURIES OF THE SAGITTAL GROOVE OF THE PROXIMAL PHALANX IN WARMBLOOD HORSES DETECTED WITH LOW‐FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: 19 CASES (2007–2016)
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Sarah J. Gold Natasha M. Werpy Santiago D. Gutierrez‐Nibeyro 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(3):344-353
Sagittal groove injuries of the proximal phalanx are an important cause of lameness in performance horses. The purpose of this retrospective case series study was to describe standing low‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of these injuries in a group of Warmblood horses. Horses with an MRI diagnosis of sagittal groove injuries involving the proximal phalanx and that had follow‐up MRI and clinical outcome information were included. Findings from clinical examinations, diagnostic tests, and other imaging modalities were recorded. All MRI studies were retrieved for re‐evaluation by an experienced, board‐certified veterinary radiologist. A total of 19 horses met inclusion criteria. All horses had MRI lesions consistent with unilateral or bilateral sagittal groove injuries of the proximal phalanx and abnormal mineralization of the sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone. Fifteen horses (79%) had concurrent osteoarthritis of the affected metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joint. Eighteen horses received conservative therapy and all horses still had osseous abnormalities detected at the time of follow‐up MRI. Thirteen horses (68.5%) were still lame at the time of follow ‐ up, whereas the other six horses (31.5%) had become sound and returned to the previous level of exercise. Findings indicated that, for mature Warmblood horses, acute or chronic injuries of the sagittal groove of the proximal phalanx may have variable standing low‐field MRI characteristics. Based on this sample of 19 horses, findings also indicated that the prognosis for performance soundness in horses diagnosed with sagittal groove injury of the proximal phalanx and concurrent osteoarthritis is poor. 相似文献
99.
FTV Pereira FC Braga KC Burioli JR Kfoury Jr LJ Oliveira PC Papa AF Carvalho CE Ambrósio FW Bazer MA Miglino 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):907-914
The objectives of this investigation were to understand transplacental transport of iron by secreted uteroferrin (UF) and haemophagous areas of water buffalo placenta and clarify the role(s) of blood extravasation at the placental‐maternal interface. Placentomes and interplacentomal region of 51 placentae at various stages of gestation were fixed, processed for light and transmission electron microscopy, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Haemophagous areas were present in placentomes collected between 4 and 10 months of pregnancy. Perl’s reaction for ferric iron was negative in placentomes, but positive in endometrial glands. Positive staining for UF indicated areas in which it was being taken up by phagocytosis and/or fluid phase pinocytosis in areolae of the interplacentomal mesenchyme, with little staining in endometrial stroma. Imunohistochemistry detected UF in trophectoderm of haemophagous regions of placentomes and in other parts of the foetal villous tree, but the strongest immunostaining was in the epithelial cells and lumen of uterine glands. Ultrastructural analyses indicated that erythrophagocytosis was occurring and that erythrocytes were present inside cells of the chorion that also contained endocytic vesicles and caveolae. Results of this study indicate that both the haemophagous areas of placentomes and the areolae at the interface between chorion and endometrial glands are important sites for iron transfer from mother to foetal‐placental tissues in buffalo throughout pregnancy. 相似文献
100.
A. Tamarit C. Gutierrez R. Arroyo V. Jimenez G. Zagalá I. Bosch J. Sirvent J. Alberola I. Alonso C. Caballero 《Veterinary parasitology》2010
An outbreak of Trypanosoma evansi infection that occurred in mainland Spain is described. The outbreak occurred on an equine and camel farm to which dromedary camels from an infected area of the Canary Islands had recently been introduced. One of these camels developed clinical signs and T. evansi was discovered in a blood smear examination. The herd was evaluated in order to determine the extent of the disease. The results showed that 76% of the camels, 35% of the donkeys and 2% of the horses were affected. The animals were isolated and treated using Cymelarsan® (0.5 mg/kg). After treatment, three blood analysis using parasitological methods revealed negative results. This is the first T. evansi outbreak to have occurred in mainland Spain and the second in mainland Europe, both occurring after the introduction of dromedary camels from the Canary Islands. 相似文献