我国水土保持监测制度体系建设现状与任务

建立和健全监测制度,是水土保持监测工作的主要内容和重要保障,对规范水土保持监测行为、实现水土保持监测全过程管理的制度化和科学化具有十分重要的意义。经过20年的努力,已初步建立了由法律法规、规范性文件和技术标准构成的水土保持监测制度体系。其中,法律法规主要包括《中华人民共和国水土保持法》及其实施条例、部门规章和地方性法规等,规范性文件主要包括综合管理、监测网络和信息系统建设与管理、动态监测管理、水土流失灾害事件调查管理、监测数据管理等5类管理制度,技术标准体系中包括已颁布的15项和正在制订与拟编的15项技术规程或规范。     

食品油炸技术及其关键设备的研究

根据食品加工技术以及油炸机的现状,介绍了食品油炸技术的种类以及每种油炸技术的特点.其中,以真空油炸技术为重点,分析了油炸机的种类以及各种典型油炸机的结构、工作原理和特点;以水滤式油炸机为重点,论述了油水混合的工作原理;结合当前油炸技术和设备中存在的问题,指出了今后食品油炸技术和油炸机的发展与改进的方向.     

氮磷钾不同施肥量对杨树菌根化苗生长的影响

通过实验对氮磷钾不同施肥量对杨树菌根化苗生长的影响方面进行了初探。     

不同药剂防治水稻高龄稻纵卷叶螟试验初报

667m2用15.00%安打SC16mL和3.00%阿维菌素EC100mL处理,对水稻高龄纵卷叶螟杀虫效果最好,其防效在97.00%以上。     

A calibration method of detecting soil water content based on the information-sharing in wireless sensor network

In agricultural production, there is contradiction between the cost and accuracy of detection during the course of acquiring soil water content (θ) online. This conflict is one of the core issues of automatic water-saving irrigation technology in agriculture. At the same time, capacitive soil moisture sensor (CSMS) has received considerable attention, for it can acquire θ with low cost and high precision, and meet the application requirements of wireless sensor network (WSN). But CSMS is vulnerable to the soil temperature (T_s) and salinity (S_s) in the measurement process. Therefore, this study took EC-5 sensor for example to establish water detection calibration models of soil temperature and salinity for single sensor, using Least Squares Support Vector Machines on MatLAB (LS-SVMlab) as the tool. On this basis, we explored the spatial variability of T_s and S_s, and then a method, which could be used to calibrate the output signals of sensors in multi-point network, was proposed based on the information-sharing (T_s or S_s) technology of WSN. Through laboratory experiment, we effectively reduced the impact of soil temperature and salinity on the single sensor. In example analysis, we investigated the detection precision and costs under different information-sharing radiuses (r). And the results indicated that the method we proposed based on the information-sharing technology of WSN could successfully calibrate the influence of soil temperature and salinity on sensors in multi-point network, and it was an efficacious approach to determine the balance between the calibration accuracy of moisture sensor and the investment of agricultural production. For example, while the calibration precision of soil temperature and salinity is respectively 1%, the costs can be reduced by 30%.     

我国当前“油荒”出现的原因与解决措施

近几年,我国多次发生部分地区、个别时段成品油终端销售短缺的现象。油荒并非由于我国柴油资源量不足,而是多种因素共同作用的结果。针对近期油荒现象及其特点,从我国油品市场定价与监管机制、供应端与需求端的特点和矛盾、成品油调运手段、油品保供有效能力等方面,深入分析了产生油荒的深层次原因。基于此,提出了5个完善我国成品油供应保障体系的解决措施:完善成品油定价机制、健全多层次储备体系、建立应急快速反应机制、加强供应端管理和强调社会责任、进一步增强有效保供能力。     

ZnO/Na 2 O(mol)对cBN陶瓷砂轮性能的影响

通过DSC -TG综合热分析、X衍射分析、线膨胀测试仪、扫描电镜等测试方法研究了ZnO/Na 2 O(mol)（ Z 值）对Li 2 O -K 2 O -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 系陶瓷结合剂及立方氮化硼砂轮性能的影响,结果发现：ZnO能够抑制α -石英晶相析出,诱导析出低膨胀晶体Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 ,并随着 Z 值的增加,α -石英减少,Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 晶体逐渐增多, Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 晶型结构趋于完整,晶粒尺寸减小,结构更加致密;当砂轮配方一定时,砂轮的体积密度、抗弯曲强度、洛氏硬度均随着 Z 值的增加而增大,气孔率减小,磨削（干磨）铸铁（QT400）时磨耗比先增加后减小;当 Z =0.75时,结合剂的膨胀系数为6.902 9×10 -6 K - 1 ,耐火度为805 ℃,砂轮的烧结温度为845 ℃,抗弯曲强度为73.97 MPa,气孔率为15.65%,磨耗比最大为156.42%.     

Anatid herpesvirus 1 CH virulent strain induces syncytium and apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblast cultures

Anatid herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1) CH virulent strain was first isolated from an infected duck and it was found that this virus strain could induce cytopathic effect (CPE) in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF). Following AHV-1 infection, DEF showed morphological changes such as cell rounding, improved refractivity and detachment from the culture surface. However, its pathological characteristics were not adequately known. Related studies were performed and the results showed that syncytium formation could be observed as the other type of CPE in AHV-1 infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of infected DEF were each used to visualize the shape and distribution of chromatin within nuclei and nuclear fragmentation was observed. Chromatin condensation and margination, as well as formation of apoptotic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA ladder formation was detected in AHV-1 infected cells and apoptosis of the infected DEF was also detected by flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. Therefore, it was suggested that AHV-1 virulent strain can induce syncytium and apoptosis in DEF. Syncytium formation and apoptosis observed in this study may contribute to the elucidation of AHV-1 pathogenesis.     

有机修饰塿土表面特性的研究Ⅰ.CEC和比表面

污染物在土壤中的行为与土壤的表面化学特性密切相关,研究土壤的表面化学特性对于从微观领域了解污染物行为及其变化规律,采取有效措施减轻并消除土壤中污染物的危害,保护土壤环境和人体健康具有重要意义。为了增强土壤对有机污染物的吸附固定,国内外开始研究应用阳离子型表面活性剂对黏土矿物或土壤进行修饰,使土壤的表面性质由亲水性转变为疏水性,增大对土壤中有机污染物的吸附能力[1,2],研究表明,利用阳离子型表面活性剂修饰黏土矿物或土壤,可以显著增强土壤对水中有机污染物的吸附固定能力[3~7],但对于重金属离子却具有不同的作用[8~11]。土壤胶体的比表面、离子交换能力是与土壤对污染物吸持直接相关的土壤表面性质     

茄子冷冻干燥冻结过程模型的建立与求解

该文以茄子球形样本为对象,研究果蔬物料冷冻干燥中预冻模型的建立及求解方法。通过能量衡算建立了果蔬冻结过程的非稳态数学模型,依据冻结过程试验参数,给出了冻结过程中物料液相区和固相区温度变化所满足的定解问题。采用“欧拉向后差分格式”数值计算方法,对冻结模型进行了数值求解,得出了茄子在冻结过程中冻结界面的移动规律和冻结时间。试验结果表明,所建模型能够准确地描述茄子的冻结过程,采用的数值解法是可行的。该文研究方法及结果为果蔬物料冷冻干燥预冻结过程模型的建立与求解提供了参考,并为果蔬冷冻干燥预冻结过程的优化控制提供了科学依据。