Effect of ensiling whole crop oat with lucerne in different ratios on fermentation quality,aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility on the Tibetan plateau

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ensiling different ratios of whole crop oat to lucerne on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of silage on the Tibetan plateau. Four experimental treatments were produced varying in the ratio of forages on a fresh matter (FM) basis: 1) 100% oat (control, dry matter (DM) content: 317 g/kg), 2) 90% oat + 10% lucerne (OL10, DM content: 316 g/kg), 3) 80% oat+ 20% lucerne (OL20, DM content: 317 g/kg) and 4) 70% oat+ 30% lucerne (OL30, DM content: 318 g/kg). All treatments were packed into laboratory‐scale silos and ensiled for 60 days and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 15 days. Further, the four experimental treatments were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study the nutrient digestibility. All silages were well preserved with low pH and NH₃‐N contents, and high lactic acid contents and V‐scores (evaluation of silage quality). Increasing the lucerne proportion increased (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) content of silage, whereas neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre contents were not affected. Under aerobic conditions, the control silage showed higher (p < 0.05) yeast counts (>10⁵ cfu/g FM) followed by OL10 silage, and OL10 silage improved aerobic stability for 74 h. OL20 and OL30 silages showed fewer (p < 0.05) yeasts (<10⁵ cfu/g FM) and markedly (p < 0.05) improved the aerobic stability (>360 h). After 48‐h incubation, OL30 silage increased (p < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (IVNDFD) compared with the control silage. These results suggest that replacing oat with lucerne had no unfavourable effects on fermentation quality of silage, but improved CP content, aerobic stability IVDMD and IVNDFD. OL30 silage was the best among the three mixed silages.     

饲喂中草药和微量元素硒提高蛋的营养价值的研究

本项研究系应用中草药和微量元素硒配伍的特制预混料，对蛋鸡进行了３次饲养试验。试验结果表明，蛋鸡在饲喂了这种特制预混料后所产的蛋平均含硒量可稳定地由对照组的每枚４３μｇ，提高到１２０～２７５μｇ，成为一种富硒蛋。这种蛋经实验动物安全试验和人医临床试验，均无毒副反应。受试对象按规定量连续服用３个月后表现在血清硒、发硒的含量和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ）的活性均比服用前明显提高，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这些指标的升高表明富硒蛋可以方便、安全地补充人体生理需要量的有机硒．作者认为这种富硒蛋可以提高人体的免疫功能和抗衰老以及预防心血管疾病等作用，将为人们提供一种多功能性的天然绿色保健食品。     

银杏幼胚离体培养再生植株的研究

 以佛手银杏幼胚为外植体, 研究了不同大小幼胚在不同培养条件下, 愈伤组织和胚状体的诱导发育情况。结果表明: 大于3 mm的幼胚, 在MK +NAA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1} +BA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基上胚状体诱导率最高, 达到53.6% , 最多的一块愈伤组织形成多达38个胚状体。暗培养不利于胚状体的发生。在MK培养基上添加10%椰汁对胚状体的生长发育有很好的促进作用, 有34.5%生长成苗。     

我国水土保持监测制度体系建设现状与任务

建立和健全监测制度,是水土保持监测工作的主要内容和重要保障,对规范水土保持监测行为、实现水土保持监测全过程管理的制度化和科学化具有十分重要的意义。经过20年的努力,已初步建立了由法律法规、规范性文件和技术标准构成的水土保持监测制度体系。其中,法律法规主要包括《中华人民共和国水土保持法》及其实施条例、部门规章和地方性法规等,规范性文件主要包括综合管理、监测网络和信息系统建设与管理、动态监测管理、水土流失灾害事件调查管理、监测数据管理等5类管理制度,技术标准体系中包括已颁布的15项和正在制订与拟编的15项技术规程或规范。     

食品油炸技术及其关键设备的研究

根据食品加工技术以及油炸机的现状,介绍了食品油炸技术的种类以及每种油炸技术的特点.其中,以真空油炸技术为重点,分析了油炸机的种类以及各种典型油炸机的结构、工作原理和特点;以水滤式油炸机为重点,论述了油水混合的工作原理;结合当前油炸技术和设备中存在的问题,指出了今后食品油炸技术和油炸机的发展与改进的方向.     

氮磷钾不同施肥量对杨树菌根化苗生长的影响

通过实验对氮磷钾不同施肥量对杨树菌根化苗生长的影响方面进行了初探。     

不同药剂防治水稻高龄稻纵卷叶螟试验初报

667m2用15.00%安打SC16mL和3.00%阿维菌素EC100mL处理,对水稻高龄纵卷叶螟杀虫效果最好,其防效在97.00%以上。     

A calibration method of detecting soil water content based on the information-sharing in wireless sensor network

In agricultural production, there is contradiction between the cost and accuracy of detection during the course of acquiring soil water content (θ) online. This conflict is one of the core issues of automatic water-saving irrigation technology in agriculture. At the same time, capacitive soil moisture sensor (CSMS) has received considerable attention, for it can acquire θ with low cost and high precision, and meet the application requirements of wireless sensor network (WSN). But CSMS is vulnerable to the soil temperature (T_s) and salinity (S_s) in the measurement process. Therefore, this study took EC-5 sensor for example to establish water detection calibration models of soil temperature and salinity for single sensor, using Least Squares Support Vector Machines on MatLAB (LS-SVMlab) as the tool. On this basis, we explored the spatial variability of T_s and S_s, and then a method, which could be used to calibrate the output signals of sensors in multi-point network, was proposed based on the information-sharing (T_s or S_s) technology of WSN. Through laboratory experiment, we effectively reduced the impact of soil temperature and salinity on the single sensor. In example analysis, we investigated the detection precision and costs under different information-sharing radiuses (r). And the results indicated that the method we proposed based on the information-sharing technology of WSN could successfully calibrate the influence of soil temperature and salinity on sensors in multi-point network, and it was an efficacious approach to determine the balance between the calibration accuracy of moisture sensor and the investment of agricultural production. For example, while the calibration precision of soil temperature and salinity is respectively 1%, the costs can be reduced by 30%.     

我国当前“油荒”出现的原因与解决措施

近几年,我国多次发生部分地区、个别时段成品油终端销售短缺的现象。油荒并非由于我国柴油资源量不足,而是多种因素共同作用的结果。针对近期油荒现象及其特点,从我国油品市场定价与监管机制、供应端与需求端的特点和矛盾、成品油调运手段、油品保供有效能力等方面,深入分析了产生油荒的深层次原因。基于此,提出了5个完善我国成品油供应保障体系的解决措施:完善成品油定价机制、健全多层次储备体系、建立应急快速反应机制、加强供应端管理和强调社会责任、进一步增强有效保供能力。     

ZnO/Na 2 O(mol)对cBN陶瓷砂轮性能的影响

通过DSC -TG综合热分析、X衍射分析、线膨胀测试仪、扫描电镜等测试方法研究了ZnO/Na 2 O(mol)（ Z 值）对Li 2 O -K 2 O -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 系陶瓷结合剂及立方氮化硼砂轮性能的影响,结果发现：ZnO能够抑制α -石英晶相析出,诱导析出低膨胀晶体Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 ,并随着 Z 值的增加,α -石英减少,Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 晶体逐渐增多, Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 晶型结构趋于完整,晶粒尺寸减小,结构更加致密;当砂轮配方一定时,砂轮的体积密度、抗弯曲强度、洛氏硬度均随着 Z 值的增加而增大,气孔率减小,磨削（干磨）铸铁（QT400）时磨耗比先增加后减小;当 Z =0.75时,结合剂的膨胀系数为6.902 9×10 -6 K - 1 ,耐火度为805 ℃,砂轮的烧结温度为845 ℃,抗弯曲强度为73.97 MPa,气孔率为15.65%,磨耗比最大为156.42%.