雄蚕蛾酒黄酮和多酚的提取和分析研究初报

本文采用有机溶剂提取技术和分光光度法,对黄酮、多酚类化合物进行提取和测试分析,研究结果表明:新疆雄蚕蛾酒黄酮和多酚类物质含量较高,分别为0.6648 mg/mL和0.4356 mg/mL,具有很高的抗氧化、降血压、防止动脉硬化、抗衰老和清除自由基等医疗保健作用。     

A comparison of methods for estimating fractional vegetation cover in arid regions

We compared a set of methods for estimating the fractional vegetation cover (f_c) of sparse desert vegetation over an arid region of southern Xinjiang, China. Six kinds of remote sensing inversion models (an NDVI regression, a spectral mixture analysis (SMA), a pixel dichotomy model, a three-band maximal gradient difference (TGDVI) model and two modified TGDVI models) were used to derive f_c from remote sensing data, and the results were compared with f_c values measured in the field to select an appropriate model to derive the fractional cover of sparse desert vegetation in arid regions. The NDVI regression based on field f_c and the NDVI for the sampled pixels in September 2006 showed the highest precision, while the results of 2007 showed that the NDVI regression method is inappropriate for depicting vegetation characteristics in other growing season because the empirical model highly depend on the specified in situ measurement. The SMA approaches yielded higher precision than the other models, indicating that it is applicable for analysing the coverage of sparse desert vegetation. The pixel dichotomy model can yield a high precision based on finely detailed vegetation maps. However, it requires the measurement of many parameters. The TGDVI model is simple and easy to implement, and the values that it predicted for the coverage of high-density vegetation and barren areas were close to those measured in the field, but the f_c values of sparsely vegetated areas were underestimated. The predictions of the modified TGDVI models were close to the values measured in the field, indicating that these modified models can reliably and effectively extract information on the fractional cover of sparse vegetation in an arid region. We analyzed the models’ sensitivity with respect to rainfall because the short-wavelength infrared bands used in the two TGDVI models proposed in this study are sensitive to moisture. The results showed that the modified TGDVI models’ accuracy was not affected by increasing soil moisture content caused by rain. However, the NDVI regression, SMA and TGDVI were sensitive to the change of soil moisture content. Moreover, the two modified TGDVI models yielded negative values for water sources, such as reservoirs and rivers, implying that they are effective for characterising water bodies. However, the modified TGDVI models cannot predict f_c in snow- and glacier-covered regions, producing abnormally high rather than zero values. Additionally, the predictions before and after snowfall on the top of a mountain show a linear increasing relationship, suggesting that the short-wavelength infrared band may be useful to predict snow depth.     

两株新疆新城疫强毒株的分离与鉴定

从新疆乌鲁木齐市郊区疑似新城疫的发病鸡场采集了2份病料,处理后接种鸡胚和非免疫鸡分离鉴定病毒,同时检测病毒血凝特性,观察病毒形态并测定病毒致病力。试验结果表明,分离株均能致死鸡胚,非免疫鸡出现典型的鸡新城疫病病理变化;分离毒株均有血凝特性,而且可被新城疫阳性血清所抑制;病毒形态结构与鸡新城疫病毒一致;EID50分别为10-8.0/0.1mL、10-8.6/0.1mL,MDT分别为57.6h、52.8h,ICPI分别为1.875、1.925,IVPI分别为2.39、2.82,均有很强的致病力,符合NDV强毒株的毒力标准。所有结果显示,以上2个分离株均为新城疫强毒力毒株。病毒免疫原性结果显示,2株病毒均有有良好的免疫原性,同源保护率分别为90%、80%。     

FSTL1基因促进猪前体脂肪细胞分化成脂的机制

【目的】构建猪FSTL1基因过表达载体和RNAi载体,探究FSTL1基因对猪前体脂肪细胞分化成脂的作用及机制。【方法】通过构建FSTL1基因过表达载体和RNAi载体,在猪前体脂肪细胞中过表达、干扰FSTL1基因并诱导其分化,测定细胞中甘油三酯含量以及脂肪细胞分化相关调节基因的m RNA表达量。【结果】成功克隆得到猪FSTL1基因c DNA序列,其开放阅读框全长924 bp,并将序列提交到GenBank,登录号为KF021281。成功构建猪FSTL1基因的过表达载体pcDNA3.1-FSTL1和RNAi载体pSilencer4.1-491以及pSilencer4.1-530。过表达FSTL1基因促进了猪前体脂肪细胞中甘油三酯生成,干扰FSTL1基因抑制了猪前体脂肪细胞中甘油三酯的生成。FSTL1在猪前体脂肪细胞中使PPARγ2和AP2基因表达分别上调了73%和113%,使LPL、 Adiponectin和FASN等基因表达分别下调了44%、79%和16%。【结论】FSTL1基因通过上调PPARγ2和AP2基因,下调LPL、Adiponectin及FASN基因的表达,促进猪前体脂肪细胞的分化,提高猪前体脂肪细胞中甘油三酯的含量。     

羊粪低温沼气发酵细菌群落多样性分析

[目的]研究不同处理羊粪低温沼气发酵液的细菌群落多样性,为羊粪低温沼气发酵菌剂制备提供理论依据.[方法]对不同处理羊粪沼液总DNA进行16S rDNA V3区PCR扩增,扩增产物进行变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分离、回收、测序,BLAST软件比对分析,构建发育树;同时利用Biolog-ECO法对沼液样本进行微生物功能多样性分析.[结果]PCR-DGGE方法结果显示,在低温条件下(15℃),在发酵各阶段均存在共有优势菌群,包括梭菌属(Clostridium sp.)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroidales bacterium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、Proteiniphilum sp.等,其中菌剂Ⅲ处理的4号为最优发酵试验组,主要为梭菌属(Clostridium sp.)表现有较高的丰度;Biolog-ECO法分析结果显示,在15℃培养条件下,产气高峰期处理2、3和4中,碳代谢活性相对较高,产气量也比对照组高.通过微生物群落的多样性分析发现,处理2的均匀性指数均高于其它处理组.处理3和4的微生物群落的丰富度、优势度指数相对较高.[结论]在低温条件下(15℃)的不同处理中,添加配伍Ⅲ(配伍Ⅰ+2 9 ZHC固体菌剂)发酵效果最优.     

园林景观建设中树木的非适宜季节栽植

指出了随着城市化进程的逐年加快,在城市园林景观建设过程中由于某些特殊原因需要在夏季甚至盛夏时节进行树木移植。非季节树木移植由于其能够快速成荫并形成景观的特点,近年来被多次应用于城市重点区段的园林景观营造。依据对实际案例调查和相关文献资料搜索,研究分析了新疆地区非适宜季节树木栽植在园林景观中的应用现状,得出了其在应用案例中体现出的优、劣势和特殊意义,探讨了影响非适宜季节树木移植成活的内部和外部因素,并结合案例阐述了非适宜季节树木移植的施工过程和工程实施要点。     

鸡伤寒白痢沙门氏菌培养基和培养方法的研究

本试验用5种培养基对鸡伤寒白痢沙门氏菌（Sgp)菌株C79－20和AS96－1进行了静止培养对比试验，结果表明，改良硫代硫酸钠培养基和EMM培养基为最适合Sgp的培养基，硫代硫酸钠培养基次之，普通营养琼脂和SBG琼脂最差；对C79－13菌株用改良硫代硫酸钠培养基进行了通气搅拌培养、静止厌氧培养和静止需氧培养的对比试验及pH值对细菌生长的影响试验，结果表明，通气搅拌培养方法明显优于其它两种培养方法，调整pH的试验组菌悬液的OD值和菌数明显高于不调整pH值的试验组。     

新疆地区鸡伤寒白痢沙门氏菌病的调查

对新疆地区鸡沙门氏菌病进行了病原学、血清学和流行病学调查，结果表明分离的246株细菌与鸡白痢鸡伤少门氏菌诊断血清呈阳性反应；对15株鸡沙门氏菌进行抗原结构分析，表明8株为标准型鸡白痢伤寒沙门氏菌，7株为中间型鸡沙门氏菌，对其中86株菌的生化鉴定表明符合鸡白痢鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的生化特性。该病在我区的发病死亡率为1％－25％，发病严重的鸡场为50％－75％。该病除了单一感染外，还与鸡大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、鸡球虫病混合感染。     

逆境胁迫下镧对春小麦的影响

稀土元素镧处理使植物抗性增加，表现在：１。在盐胁迫条件下，镧可使植物的苗和根的长度，干重，鲜重，根体积，干／鲜比重，根，根／冠比增加。２．镧处理后植物对大量元素Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ和微量元素Ｚｎ的吸收增加。在盐胁迫条件下镧对大量元素除Ｋ，Ｃａ外的其它元素都能起促进吸收作用。     

多尺度遥感数据融合的荒漠净初级生产力估算

以新疆准噶尔盆地东部五彩湾地区为研究区,利用气象数据和多尺度遥感数据,通过改进的CASA模型对2010年研究区域的净初级生产力(NPP)进行估算,并对NPP分布进行分析.结果表明:①将TM数据和MODISNDVI数据融合,生成高时间分辨率的TM影像,对于NPP的高空间分辨率的研究提供数据支持.②2010年该研究区植被NPP为6.571 78 Mt·a-1,总体分布趋势由西北向东南递减,且随季节变化的趋势也非常明显,在6-8月NPP占全年的57.35％,12月、1月、2月植被NPP值极低,可以忽略为0.③利用地面实测点验证NPP模型估算值,平均相对误差为0.167,精度达到83.3％,NPP实测值与估算值的相关系数为0.952并在0.01水平上显著.④该模型在数据获取方面具有极大的优越性,仅利用遥感数据和地面气象数据就可以对干旱区植被NPP进行估算,为NPP的估算提供了较为便捷的方法.