Exogenous CaCl2 reduces salt stress in sour jujube by reducing Na+ and increasing K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in different plant organs

In this study, we investigated the effects of 10 mM CaCl₂ on membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ concentrations in different organs of sour jujube grown under 150 mM NaCl stress. Our results showed 73% leaf wilting in the Na treatment. The Na treatment significantly increased leaf superoxide (O₂^.?) production rates, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations, cell membrane permeability, MDA concentrations, and Na⁺ concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves. The Na treatment significantly reduced K⁺, Ca²⁺,and Mg²⁺ concentrations in roots, but increased K⁺ concentrations in stems. Compared with the Na treatment, 39% of the leaves showed wilting symptoms in the Na+Ca treatment. The Na+Ca treatment significantly decreased leaf O₂^.? production rates, H₂O₂ concentrations, cell membrane permeability, and MDA concentrations. Moreover, the Na+Ca treatment (1) significantly reduced Na⁺ concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves; (2) significantly increased root K⁺ concentrations; (3) significantly increased K⁺/Na⁺ ratios in roots; (4) significantly increased Ca²⁺ concentrations in stems and leaves, and Mg²⁺ concentrations in roots. In conclusion, exogenous CaCl₂ reduces NaCl stress in sour jujube by reducing Na+ concentrations and increasing K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ concentrations in various plant organs.     

荞麦剥壳效果在线检测装置的设计与试验

为提高荞麦剥壳设备的自动化程度,改善以往依靠手工筛分、计算的方法得到碎米率、整米率和未剥壳率,且不能实时检测等问题,设计了一种基于图像识别技术的荞麦剥壳效果在线检测装置并进行了测试试验。该装置主要由取样机构、匀样机构、图像识别系统和气流除尘光照箱等组成。试验结果表明:碎米率均值误差为1.0 8%、整米率均值误差为-4.4 9%、未剥壳率均值误差为3.4 3%,能够较为准确地反映出荞麦加工过程中的剥壳效果。     

1ZL5型马铃薯中耕机的设计与试验

针对马铃薯垄作栽培种植中肥量需求量大、土壤疏松程度高等要求,研究设计了1ZL5型马铃薯中耕机。通过对整机结构和工作原理的阐述以及对开沟铲和覆土铧工作断面参数的理论分析,获得了机具关键部件的具体结构参数。同时,对整机的作业性能进行了田间试验,结果表明:设计的马铃薯中耕机各项试验指标均满足马铃薯中耕要求,能够一次性完成松土、除草、筑垄等作业,还兼有蓄水、保墒的作用。该研究为马铃薯中耕机的研发提供了参考。     

Validation of dual-crop coefficient method for calculation of rice evapotranspiration under drying–wetting cycle condition

Based on data collected from rice fields under drying–wetting cycle condition, the procedure of dual-crop coefficient (K _cd) approaches was calibrated and validated to reveal its feasibility and improve its performance in rice evapotranspiration (ET _c) estimation. It was found that K _cd based on FAO-recommended basal crop coefficients (K _cb) underestimated dual-crop coefficients in monsoon climate region in East China. The recommended coefficient (K _cp) value of 1.2 was not high enough to reflect the pulse increase of rice ET _c after soil wetting. The K _cb values were calibrated as 1.52 and 0.63 in midseason and late season, and the K _cp value was adjusted as 1.29 after soil wetting in rice field under drying–wetting cycle condition. The dual-crop coefficient curves based on locally calibrated K _cbCal and K _cpCor matched well with the measured crop coefficients and performed well in calculating rice evapotranspiration from paddy fields under drying–wetting cycle condition. So it can be concluded that the procedure of dual-crop coefficient method is feasible in rice ET _c estimation, and locally calibrated K _cb and K _cp can improve its performance remarkably.     

Response of organic carbon fractions and microbial community composition of soil aggregates to long-term fertilizations in an intensive greenhouse system

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stability, which are regulated by microbial communities, vary depending on aggregate size. The objectives of this study were...     

基于网络RTK的离心式无人机变量施药可行性初探

针对植保无人机施药准确性和作业效率需求的提高,验证网络实时动态(Real-Time Kinematic,RTK)载波差分技术在无人机施药上的可行性,设计了一种基于网络RTK的离心式变量施药系统。采用STM32F103为控制核心,通过串口获取GPS定位信息,并连接DTU模块实现网络RTK技术,通过脉冲宽度调制(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM)技术调节占空比的大小,从而调节离心喷头的转速以及蠕动泵的流量。系统在工作时,通过农情信息完成处方图构建,通过高精度GPS模块获取经纬度信息,在施药过程中系统实时检索无人机所在位置,调出处方决策信息,按照处方信息调节离心喷头和蠕动泵的输出比例,从而控制无人机的施药粒径大小和施药量大小,并将作业数据上传至监控平台。通过试验表明系统能正确执行变量施药任务;在使用离心喷头进行变量施药任务时,受到系统稳定性和离心喷头特性的影响,在处方交界区域会存在一个不稳定区域;离心喷头在较高转速下进行变化时,在处方交界区域粒径大小的变化越平滑。该结果满足预期试验设计,可为植保无人机变量施药技术改良提供基础与参考。     

喷施非嗜食植物汁液对温室白粉虱的影响

温室白粉虱取食广泛,寄主繁多,但它也有非嗜食植物。非嗜食植物对温室白粉虱可能有很好的控制作用。研究了4种植物的汁液对温室白粉虱的影响,结果表明,供试植物的汁液对温室白粉虱都有很好的控制作用,使温室白粉虱落卵量减少65%以上。非嗜食植物次生物质在温室白粉虱的控制中会有良好的前景。     

我国建立实质性派生品种制度的必要性讨论

近年来,如何保护实质性派生品种已经成为全世界普遍关注的理论问题和各国植物新品种保护实践中面临的重要现实问题。文章分析了实质性派生品种制度缺失是影响我国作物育种科技创新,造成突破性品种匮乏和植物品种权纠纷增多的重要因素,讨论了我国建立实质性派生品种制度的必要性和重要性,从国家知识产权战略角度提出了我国建立实质性派生品种制度的对策。     

小麦耐盐性研究进展

笔者从盐胁迫对种子萌发和出苗的影响、农艺性状对盐胁迫的反应、盐胁迫下渗透调节物质的积累、抗氧化酶活性、盐胁迫下小麦对K 、Na 吸收运输的选择性、多胺含量、质膜NADPH氧化酶活性、盐胁迫对小麦光合作用的影响等8个方面对近年来小麦耐盐性研究的成果进行了概述.