不同培养基培育蛹虫草中的虫草素和腺苷含量测定

虫草素和腺苷是蛹虫草的重要活性成分,通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定不同培养基培育蛹虫草中的虫草素和腺苷含量,筛选能生产高品质蛹虫草的培养基。测定结果表明,用不同培养基培育的蛹虫草子实体中,其虫草素和腺苷含量存在显著差异,总体表现为粳米+家蚕蛹浸提液培养基>糯米+家蚕蛹浸提液培养基>粳米培养基>糯米培养基,其中用粳米+家蚕蛹浸提液培养基培育蛹虫草子实体中的虫草素和腺苷质量比分别高达15.37 mg/g和39.96 mg/g。此外,相同培养基培育的蛹虫草子实体、菌丝体和培养基质中的虫草素与腺苷含量存在极显著差异,总体表现为子实体>菌丝体>基质。试验结果表明,粳米培养基中添加家蚕蛹浸提液可显著提高蛹虫草中的虫草素和腺苷含量。     

氨基色谱柱测定蜂蜜中4种糖方法研究

《中国药典》(2015年)蜂蜜中规定:用Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,以乙腈-水(75:25)为流动相,示差折光检测器测定蜂蜜中的果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖及麦芽糖。此次试验证明用普通氨基色谱柱替代Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,待测组分与其他组分分离良好,精密度试验满足要求,回收率试验结果大于93%,结果准确、可靠,普通氨基柱可替代Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,用于蜂蜜中糖类物质的测定。     

宁夏首起牛结节性皮肤病疫情流行病学调查

2020年10月,宁夏盐池县、利通区、平罗县发生输入性牛结节性皮肤病疫情。为查明疫情发生原因,分析疫情扩散风险,宁夏回族自治区农业农村厅畜牧兽医局组织成立督导组进行流行病学调查。通过现场调查、座谈及实验室检测,综合发病、溯源和追踪情况以及实验室检测结果,分析认为此次疫情是由调入纯种荷斯坦育成奶牛引起的。因及时采取了封锁疫点、控制移动、扑杀、无害化处理、清洗消毒、杀灭蚊蝇、免疫等综合处置措施,疫情扩散风险较低。此次疫情警示,要强化牛只及其产品的调运监管,加强疫情排查监测,及时发现和处置疫情。     

Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B‐biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC₅₀ values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8‐, 10.3‐ and 7.29‐fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97‐, 1.79‐ and 1.30‐fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long‐term induction of host plants for B‐biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Insecticidal compounds from the essential oil of Chinese medicinal herb Atractylodes chinensis

BACKGROUND: In a screening programme for new agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs, the essential oil of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz was found to possess strong insecticidal activity against the common vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster L. The essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation, and its constituents were determined by GC‐MS analysis. RESULTS: The main components of A. chinensis essential oil were β‐eudesmol (21.05%), β‐selinene (11.75%), γ‐elemene (7.16%) and isopetasam (5.36%). Bioactivity‐directed chromatographic separation on repeated silica gel columns led to the isolation of five compounds, namely atractylon, α‐elemol, β‐eudesmol, hinesol and β‐selinene. β‐Selinene, α‐elemol and hinesol showed pronounced contact toxicity against D. melanogaster adults, with LD₅₀ values of 0.55, 0.65 and 0.71 µg adult^?1 respectively. Atractylon and β‐eudesmol were also toxic to the fruit flies (LD₅₀ = 1.63 and 2.65 µg adult^?1 respectively), while the crude oil had an LD₅₀ value of 2.44 µg adult^?1. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that the essential oil of Atractylodes chinensis and its active constituents may be explored as natural potential insecticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

L型侧槽溢洪道进口段水力特性试验及三维数值模拟研究

侧槽溢洪道被广泛运行于水利工程,但由于受场地、投资等限制,部分工程采用正堰与侧堰相结合的L型布置,导致槽内水流结构更加复杂。以景宁某工程溢洪道为例,采用Flow3D三维仿真软件模拟了L型侧槽溢洪道进口段的水流结构,并结合水工模型试验,对槽内的水流流态、流速分布、水面线、压强和消能率等水力特性参数进行了对比分析。结果显示L型溢洪道侧槽内正、侧堰两股水流相互作用后,可有效提高过流能力,降低侧槽内水位,增加消能率;其次,数值模拟计算结果与水工模型试验基本吻合,进一步表明三维数值模拟在研究复杂水流结构时的可行性,成果可为类似工程的研究提供参考。     

基于FLUENT分析弯度对翼型性能的影响

弯度对提高翼型性能具有显著的影响.基于工程上广泛应用的标准k-ε模型,对不同弯度的翼型进行数值模拟.数值计算结果表明,随着弯度增加翼型的升阻力均增加,但升力系数增加程度逐渐减小,最佳升阻比先增大后又呈减小趋势;弯度增加升力增大,翼型吸力面的最低压力减小,但不能使其低于流体的汽化压力.     

泾惠渠灌区畦长对夏玉米耗水特性和产量影响

泾惠渠灌区中畦田规格参差不齐,灌区由于畦田过长而造成的灌溉水量浪费屡见不鲜,不仅没有形成高产而且极大的造成了水资源的浪费。通过大田与小区试验相结合,以当地农民习惯的灌溉方式为对照,设置3个灌溉畦长处理(80、120、240 m),每个处理设置3次重复,改水为80%。研究了灌溉畦长对夏玉米在生育期内的耗水特性和产量的影响,土壤水分分布与产量及其构成因素的关系等问题,选择出兼顾节水高产可行的最优畦长。研究结果表明:在生育期灌水后,80和120 m处理畦长内畦首、畦中和畦尾的土壤相对含水率较为均匀无显著差异,240 m处理畦长畦首、畦中和畦尾的土壤相对含水率产生显著性差异;80和120 m处理夏玉米在畦首、畦中和畦尾灌水均匀度较为平均且无显著差异,240 m畦长处理差异较为显著,且80 m畦长处理产量分布最为平均、平均水分利用效率最高产量为1.021 839万kg/hm2,水分利用效率为25.12 kg/(hm2·mm)。综合夏玉米产量及其分布、水分利用效率等因素,在泾惠渠灌区80 m的灌溉畦长是兼顾节水高产的最适宜畦长,该结论以期为泾惠渠灌区大田作物高产节水提供一定理论依据。     

黑土区调亏灌溉条件下大豆耗水规律试验研究

针对黑土区存在的降雨量时空分布不均,水资源短缺,作物水分利用效率较低的实际问题。2013年在黑龙江省北安农垦分局红星农场进行了盆栽试验,研究了调亏灌溉条件下的大豆耗水规律。结果表明大豆各生育阶段耗水量按结荚-鼓粒、开花-结荚、鼓粒-成熟、分枝-开花、出苗-分枝、播种-出苗阶段依次递减;产量、水分利用效率与耗水量之间均呈二次抛物线关系。耗水量为62.5kg/盆时,水分利用效率先出现最大值,耗水量达84.76kg/盆时,产量(52.9g/盆)最高,最高值出现时间较水分利用效率偏后。在试验的基础上,建立了基于Jensen模型的黑土区大豆水分生产函数。研究结果可为黑土区大豆节水灌溉管理提供一定的理论依据。     

不同缺水量对作物生理指标的影响研究

作物缺水量是作物生长需求的重要指标之一,依据作物生理需水量建立作物缺水模型是作物缺水量研究的新方法。作物叶面积和茎秆直径是作物生长生理指标的重要因子之一。本研究通过试验建立作物不同缺水量对作物叶面积和茎秆直径变化的影响,并依此为依据建立作物缺水生理指标变化模型,经过检验可以得出模型效果较好。作物缺水模型可以根据不同生理指标变化模型判断出不同作物缺水量时作物所表现出来的生理指标变化,为进一步研究依据不同生理指标变化指导作物定量补水研究奠定基础。