复合微生物肥料在无公害蔬菜栽培上的效应初报

施用复合微生物肥料使番茄产量提高 7.3 %～ 11.1% ,可溶性固形物含量提高 0 .9%～ 1.3 % ,硝酸盐含量降低 2 7.2 %～ 3 4 .8% ;苦瓜产量提高 10 .7%～ 16.1% ,硝酸盐含量降低 2 8.7%～ 3 6.1% ;菜薹产量提高 7.2 %～ 15.1% ,硝酸盐含量降低 55.6%～ 61.5%。各处理产品中的硝酸盐含量及有害元素的含量 ,均符合无公害蔬菜产品质量标准要求     

采收时间对蜡蚧轮枝菌分生孢子的萌发及致病力的影响

将蜡蚧轮枝菌Vp菌株在PDA培养基上23℃黑暗培养,分别于第5、15、20、25、30天后采收。将不同时间采收的分生孢子置于2％葡萄糖培养液内培养,16 h后检测其萌发率,结果表明,采收于第5天和第15天的分生孢子萌发率分别达到89.76％和94.98％,显著高于采收于第25天(30.27％)和第30天(6.12％)的孢子的萌发率;在PDA培养基培养5 d和15 d的分生孢子在相同浓度下对温室白粉虱的致病力分别达到83.40％和74.44％,显著高于培养了30 d的分生孢子的致病力(8.76％)。     

限饲对肉鸡的影响

从上世纪20年代肉用仔鸡兴起至今已经过了80多年，这期间科研工作者和生产者无论从肉鸡的选育角度和饲养角度，都是单纯追求提高肉鸡的增重速度，这样虽然使肉用仔鸡的出场日龄大大提前，但肉鸡生长过快，也使肉鸡的体重迅速增长与骨骼、内脏器官发育缓慢之间的矛盾更加突出。肉鸡出现猝死症、腿部畸形和腹水症等疾病，     

The effects of late gestation nutrient restriction of dams on beef heifer intake,metabolites and hormones during an ad libitum feeding trial

This study's objective was to determine if nutrient restriction during late gestation affected beef heifer feed intake, body weight (BW) gain and endocrine regulation during a 10‐week feeding trial. During the last 100 days of gestation, control (CON) dams were fed to increase body condition score (BCS). Whereas, nutrient‐restricted dams (NR) and NR dams protein supplemented 3 days/week (NRS) were fed to decrease BCS by 1.2. After parturition, all cow‐calf pairs were moved to a common pasture and fed in excess of requirements until weaning. At 15 months of age, heifers were randomly sorted into two pens and adjusted to a commercial total mixed ration over a 2‐week period. Blood samples and BW were taken at the initiation of feeding and on a biweekly basis for the duration of the feeding trial. Feed intake was monitored for 10 weeks using a GrowSafe System. After 10 weeks, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed on 21 randomly subsampled heifers. During the feeding trial, NR heifers consumed more feed than CON and NRS heifers. Heifers from NR dams tended to increase BW compared to NRS and CON heifers when adjusted for initial BW. Heifers from NR and NRS dams had a greater increase in BCS compared to heifers from CON dams. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during the feeding trial increased in NR heifers compared to the other groups beginning at 2 and 4 weeks respectively. Plasma leptin concentrations were increased in the NR and NRS heifers compared to the CON heifers beginning at week 4 of feeding. During the IVGTT at the conclusion of the feeding challenge, plasma glucose and insulin were increased in NR heifers compared to other treatment groups. These results show that nutrient restriction during late gestation alters appetite and endocrine regulation in heifer offspring.     

沼气池热传递过程研究进展

温度是沼气工程高效运行的关键,沼气发酵不仅要维持适宜的温度,还须保证温度的稳定性。为此,对沼气池热传递过程的相关研究进行分析介绍,主要包括沼气池发酵液温度的影响因素、发酵系统热流损失、增温方式和热传递模型研究,并指出增温方式的选择应建立在正确的热过程分析基础上,建议进一步改进优化热传递模型,更好地指导沼气工程实施。     

新疆林业海量影像数据管理系统建设

介绍新疆林业海量影像数据管理系统建设的关键技术和系统功能。系统通过对多源、多时相、多分辨率的影像数据的统一化、标准化的组织和管理,提供在线影像浏览、查询、对比分析和影像下载等功能,实现了海量影像数据的管理与共享。     

基于GPS定位功能的植物叶面生长数据分析仪

为了适应在野外环境对植物叶面的曲线长度和轮廓面积等数据的快速采集和查询,设计了一种基于GPS定位功能的嵌入式植物叶面长度面积求算仪。此系统采用GPS卫星定位技术,由SiRFstar III型GPS接收器接收定位信号,采用触摸屏输入技术,由ARM微控制芯片LPC2114完成植物页面长度和面积的采集与计算,实时存储地理位置信息,并对相关数据进行分析,由液晶显示屏AT070TN83显示输出。此系统采用嵌入式控制技术,可移植性高,操作界面简单、体积小、在记录标本长度面积的同时记录了此标本的地理位置,为科研工作者提供了可靠的数据信息与结果分析。实验结果表明本设计方案具有速度快、精度高、成本低等优点。     

褚橙龙陵基地柑橘叶片DRIS图解法和指数法综合营养诊断分析

[目的]开展基于综合营养诊断施肥法(Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrate System,DRIS)的冰糖橙种植基地柑橘营养诊断,为柑橘园的营养诊断和平衡施肥提供参考依据.[方法]以云南褚橙龙陵基地500 ha冰糖橙为研究对象(柑橘园随机划分为8个区域),通过测定成熟秋梢叶片中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和铁(Fe)矿质营养的含量,运用DRIS图解法求得冰糖橙叶片各营养元素诊断参数最适比范围,依据DRIS指数法求得各区域冰糖橙需肥紧迫程度排序及养分不平衡指数(NII),初步制定冰糖橙树体营养元素DRIS指数分级标准.[结果]整个园区高产园(>22500 kg/ha)的各营养元素含量大多高于低产园(≤22500 kg/ha),高产园和低产园间N、Fe、N/Fe、P/Fe、Ca/Mg、Ca/Fe、Mg/Zn差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01).当N/P在2.27~2.57,N/K在1.58~1.91,P/K在0.66~0.79时冰糖橙叶片N、P和K养分含量平衡;当Ca/Mg、Ca/Fe、Mg/Fe、Cu/Zn、Cu/Fe和Zn/Fe分别在17.01~19.09、0.21~0.26、0.012~0.015、2.77~4.60、0.30~0.43和0.09~0.12时,冰糖橙叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn和Cu养分处于平衡状态.综合诊断显示冰糖橙叶片养分需求顺序为Mg>N>K>P>Ca>Cu>Zn>Fe,不同区域冰糖橙养分需求顺序不同,高产园冰糖橙相对缺乏的养分有N、P,低产园相对缺乏的养分有N、Mg,相比之下,低产园营养比例失衡情况较严重.依据高产园叶片矿质营养元素含量范围确定冰糖橙叶片矿质营养元素的适宜值为N(11.66~13.30 g/kg)、P(4.74~5.61 g/kg)、K(6.23~8.23 g/kg)、Ca(13.67~19.33 g/kg)、Mg(0.86~0.97 g/kg)、Cu(14.49~37.71 mg/kg)、Zn(6.38~8.02 mg/kg)和Fe(55.91~85.74 mg/kg).[结论]根据DRIS诊断,褚橙龙陵基地冰糖橙园普遍存在N、P、K、Ca、Mg缺乏,Cu、Zn、Fe相对过剩问题.DRIS图解法和指标法综合诊断既可求得各元素最适比范围和需肥紧迫程度,同时,参照冰糖橙叶片养分含量分级标准能判断树体营养元素的平衡状况,可用于生产上指导下一年合理施肥.     

猪lncRNA TCONS_00791383对骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖分化的影响

为了探究lncRNA TCONS_00791383对猪骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖和分化的影响。本研究利用qRT-PCR技术检测出生7 d内大白仔猪6种组织（心、脾、肺、肾、背肌和腿肌）以及猪骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖分化前后TCONS_00791383的表达水平；通过设计反义核苷酸（antisense oligonucleotides，ASO）片段在猪骨骼肌卫星细胞中对TCONS_00791383进行敲低，检测敲低TCONS_00791383之后增殖分化标志基因的表达量变化；通过trans （co-expression）对TCONS_00791383进行靶基因预测，使用DAVID对其进行GO富集和KEGG通路分析。结果显示，TCONS_00791383在猪心脏中表达量最高，在脾和肾组织中不表达。在骨骼肌卫星细胞从增殖到分化的过程中，TCONS_00791383的表达量逐渐上升，且在分化后30 h表达量达到最高。在使用ASO片段敲低TCONS_00791383之后，与对照组相比，在分化24 h，增殖标志基因Pax3、Pax7表达量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05，P<0.01），分化标志基因MyoG表达量极显著降低（P<0.01），在分化48 h，增殖标志基因Pax3表达量极显著降低（P<0.01），Pax7表达量显著降低（P<0.05），分化标志基因MyHC表达量显著降低（P<0.05）。预测得到的相关靶基因富集到AMPK、ATP等多个与骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖和分化过程相关的重要信号通路。本研究表明，lncRNA TCONS_00791383可能促进猪骨骼肌卫星细胞的增殖和分化。     

Anthropogenically disturbed potentially toxic elements in roadside topsoils of a suburban region of Bishkek,Central Asia

The ecological environment in Central Asia is vulnerable to pressure from human activity due to the physical geography and climatic fragility of this region. A set of indicators suitable for the future assessment of this pressure needs to be proposed. Thirty‐six topsoil samples (0–5 cm) were collected from roadsides in a suburban region of Bishkek, the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic in Central Asia, and a risk assessment of anthropogenically disturbed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) was systematically conducted with classic statistical methods. The results of detrended correspondence analysis and principal component analysis clearly showed that topsoil samples with high contents of PTEs (Pb, Zn and Cu) were strongly affected by traffic within a distance threshold of 200 m and that anthropogenic effects decreased significantly with increasing distance from the highway. The enrichment factor and anthropogenic contribution for Pb were the highest among the three PTEs, with average values of 2.0% and 47.4%, respectively, suggesting enrichment. However, the results of the human health risk assessment also indicated that noncarcinogenic risks did not occur for any of the anthropogenic PTEs. The reported method provides a new systematic pathway to reveal anthropogenic influences on the geochemical composition of soil. The conclusions of this work will be highly valuable as important guidelines for agriculture, and the results of the PTE contents will provide a scientific basis for soil collection in future studies.