芥菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜种间杂种二代分离观察

从芥菜型油菜×甘蓝型油菜种间杂种Ｆ１自由授粉获得的Ｆ２的叶型、现蕾期、始花期、雄蕊发育、花粉活性和种子育性的分离观察结果表明,芥甘杂种Ｆ２超亲分离,产生大量变异类型,可根据花粉可染率和角果长度对Ｆ２植株种子育性进行间接选择。     

生物质颗粒燃烧器的设计与性能测试

针对生物质颗粒燃烧器燃烧不充分及燃烧效率低等问题,设计了一款小型生物质颗粒燃烧器。该燃烧器换热量为0.5 t/h,进料量为20kg/h,并采用三次配风系统,设置7个配风口。本研究对小麦、玉米、水稻3种作物的秸秆制成的生物质颗粒燃料进行了锅炉换热试验。试验结果表明:小型生物质颗粒燃烧器采用的三级配风系统配风均匀分布,满足燃料的充分燃烧;3种颗粒燃料燃烧效率均在95%以上,最终的结渣率均不超过5%,燃烧产物达到环保标准。该设计为生物质颗粒燃烧器的应用与推广提供了理论依据。     

Simultaneous Pollutant Removal and Electricity Generation in a Combined ABR-MFC-MEC System Treating Fecal Wastewater

Simultaneous power generation and fecal wastewater treatment were investigated using a combined ABR-MFC-MEC system (anaerobic baffled reactor-microbial fuel cell-microbial electrolysis cell). The installation of multi-stage baffles can benefit retaining the suspended solids in the system and help separate the hydrolysis-acidification and the methanogen processes. The efficiencies of the nitrification-denitrification process were improved because of the weak current generation by coupling the microbial electrochemical device (MFC-MEC) with the ABR unit. Maximum removal rates for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) were 1.35 ± 0.05 kg COD/m³/day and 85.0 ± 0.4 g NH₄ ⁺-N/m³/day, respectively, while 45% of methane (CH₄), 9% of carbon dioxide (CO₂), and 45% of nitrogen gas (N₂) contents in volume ratio were found in the collected gas phase. An average surplus output voltage of 452.5 ± 10.5 mV could be achieved from the combined system, when the initial COD concentration was 1500.0 ± 20.0 mg/L and the initial NH₄ ⁺-N concentration was 110.0 ± 5.0 mg/L, while the effluent COD could reach 50.0 mg/L with an HRT of 48 h. The combined process has the potential to treat fecal wastewater efficiently with nearly zero energy input and a fair bio-fuel production.     

施用生物炭对紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤水力学性质的影响

该研究通过野外坡耕地小区施用1%秸秆生物炭1年后的对比试验,揭示生物炭对川中丘陵区紫色土耕作层土壤水力学参数、大孔隙度及其对饱和导水率的贡献率所产生的影响。试验设对照区与施用生物炭区2个处理,各处理有3个平行小区,耕作层土壤分为表层和亚表层(2~7和7~12 cm)。比较2个处理小区试验结果,可以发现:1)施用生物炭导致植物难以利用的土壤滞留水和易流失的结构性孔隙水的含量(θstr)下降,而基质性孔隙中植物有效水含量显著提高(P0.05),由(0.058±0.003)cm3/cm3增加至(0.085±0.002)cm3/cm3;2)表层和亚表层土壤中对产流起主要贡献的半径125μm的总有效孔隙度分别平均增加54%和8%,其中孔径500μm的孔隙增加最为明显,高达110%和355%;3)表层和亚表层土壤的饱和导水率分别平均增加45%和35%。研究证明,施用生物炭,一方面,能增加土壤有效水的持水量,有利于植物抗旱;另一方面,提高土壤导水率,有利于水分入渗,从而减少地表径流及土壤侵蚀的发生。     

加强自身卫生防护防止传播动物疫病

随着我国畜牧养殖业的不断发展，动物防疫检疫人员在依法严格把关、确保动物及其产品检疫质量、保护人民身体健康、促进养殖业健康发展等方面，做出了积极努力和贡献。但动物防疫检疫人员作为与各种动物及其产品的密切接触者，其自身对消毒防护措施的重视程度，与动物疫病的发生和流行有着一定的关系。     

无特定病原体京白鸡的核型研究

采用腹腔注射秋水仙素,取骨髓细胞制备染色体标本,对无特定病原体京白鸡的核型进行了分析.并根据前10对染色体相对长度、臂比值及着丝点指数的测量结果,与已公布的其它地方鸡品种进行了比较.     

岛礁海藻场沉积有机物来源辨析

海藻场的沉积有机物(sedimentary organic matter,SOM)是实现海藻场生态系统服务功能的重要物质基础,本实验以枸杞岛北部海藻场为研究区域,围绕大型海藻周年生活史的幼苗生长、成熟茂盛和衰退凋亡3个阶段,于2014年7月凋亡期、2014年10月生长期和2015年5月茂盛期对海藻场的SOM进行样品采集,并运用碳、氮稳定同位素技术,以C/N、δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N为指标分析了SOM的来源及变化。结果显示,1)7月、10月和翌年5月的SOM C/N的变化范围分别为5.9~6.6、6.0~6.9和5.4~6.2,可判定海藻场SOM是典型的海源性来源;2)7月不同水深的SOMδ~(13)C值空间变化明显,介于–20.3‰~–17.6‰,而10月和翌年5月都不显著,分别介于–22.3‰~–21.7‰和–21.4‰~–21.0‰;3)SOM的δ~(13)C值存在时间变化,而7月δ~(13)C值存在不同水深的空间变化;4)δ~(13)C、δ~(15)N和C/N之间的关系表明,7月SOM主要来源于浮游植物和大型海藻的混合贡献,而10月和翌年5月SOM则主要来源于浮游植物贡献;5)根据碳稳定同位素质量平衡混合模型计算得到,7月大型海藻对该海藻场SOM的平均贡献率最高可达53.71%;6)大型海藻产生的碎屑在SOM占比受波浪等海域动力环境影响显著。     

Prepro-orexin基因多样性与猪产仔数的相关性

为了研究Prepro-orexin基因多样性与繁殖性能的关系，确立其在分子标记育种中的应用价值。本研究采用PCR-RFLP法分析猪Prepro-orexin基因第62位多态性位点在二花脸、香猪、淮猪和姜曲海猪4个品种中的多样性，并分析其不同基因型对二花脸猪产仔数的影响。结果表明，二花脸和香猪分别检出三种基因型，姜曲海猪有两种基因型，而淮猪只有一种基因型。各等位基因频率和基因型频率在不同品种间存在显著差异；二花脸猪不同基因型群体间产仔数差异不显著，说明该基因多样性对产仔数的影响不显著     

Establishment of Chinese soybean Glycine max core collections with agronomic traits and SSR markers

It is very important to efficiently study and use genetic diversity resources in crop breeding and sustainable agriculture. In this study, different sampling methods and sample sizes were compared in order to optimize the strategies for building a rationally sized core collection of Chinese soybean (Glycine max). The diversity in the core collection captured more than 70% of that in the pre-core collection, no matter what sampling methods were used, at a sampling proportion of 1%. Core collections established with both simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data and agronomic traits were more representative than those chosen on an independent basis. An optimal sampling method for a soybean core collection was determined, in which strategy ‘S’ (allocating accessions to clusters according to the proportion of square root of the original sample size within each ecotype) was used based on SSR and agronomic data. Curve estimation was used to estimate the allelic richness of the entire Chinese soybean germplasm and a minimum sample size for a core collection, on which a sampling proportion of about 2% was determined to be optimal for a core collection. Further analysis on the core collection with fourteen agronomic traits and allelic constitution at 60 SSR loci suggested that it highly represented the entire collections both on genetic structure and diversity distribution. This core collection would provide an effective platform in proper exploitation of soybean germplasm resources for the study of complex traits and discovering important novel traits for crop genetic development.     

处理桥头跳车的几点认识

本文通过采用常规和采用新材料、新工艺(土工格栅)两种方法对处理桥头跳车现象进行了论述。重点介绍了采用土工格栅处理桥头跳车的具体做法。