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91.
D. C. Griffiths K. A. Jeffs G. C. Scott R. Gair E. Lester F. E. Maskell J. H. Williams 《Pest management science》1972,3(5):609-618
When seeds of winter wheat were carefully dressed in the laboratory with combinations of fungicides (organomercury alone or organomercury plus the systemic fungicide carboxin) and insecticides (aldrin, carbophenothion or chlorfenvinphos as liquid formulations, or a γ-BHC powder formulation) so as to ensure that nearly all the recommended amounts of the active ingredients stuck to them, the insecticides gave good insect control, but γ-BHC with organomercury fungicide decreased the number of plants that germinated, and γ-BHC with carboxin and organomercury was even more damaging. Commercially dressed seeds had only about 30 to 60% of the target dose of fungicides, but more than 80% of the target doses of the liquid insecticides aldrin, carbophenothion and chlorfenvinphos. With combinations of powder fungicide and liquid insecticide, greater amounts of pesticide on the seed were obtained if the insecticide was put on first. Because of unusually late sowings and little fungal infestation, neither laboratory nor commercially treated seeds provided good tests for control of smut. 相似文献
92.
93.
Ridyard AE Corcoran BM Tasker S Willis R Welsh EM Demetriou JL Griffiths LG 《The Journal of small animal practice》2000,41(12):558-561
Four cases of spontaneous laryngeal paralysis in juvenile white-coated German shepherd dogs are described. The presenting signs were typical for laryngeal paralysis, with stridor present in all four cases. Laryngoscopy revealed bilateral laryngeal paralysis in three cases, and unilateral paralysis in one. Concurrent megaoesophagus was also identified in one dog. All dogs underwent surgical treatment for laryngeal paralysis. Euthanasia was performed in one case due to intractable regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia. A possible association with white coat colour is discussed. 相似文献
94.
Johnston PE Barrie JA McCulloch MC Anderson TJ Griffiths IR 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(22):629-633
The neuropathology of 20 German shepherd dogs and five German shepherd dog crosses with chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy were analysed by conventional techniques, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. There were previously unrecognised changes in brain nuclei. In the spinal cord, both motor and sensory tracts were involved, principally in their more distal regions. Wallerian degeneration affected the corticorubrospinal pathways in the lateral columns and the ventral funiculi, predominantly in the caudal thoracic and lumbar segments, although more cranial involvement was also observed. The dorsal columns were affected in the caudal lumbar region and the cervical fasciculus gracilis. The regional distribution was variable between cases. Within the brain, abnormalities, including chromatolysis, gliosis and neuronal loss were observed in the red nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus and, occasionally, in the dentate nucleus. The changes in brain nuclei were compared with those found in dogs at various times after a focal spinal injury. The neuronal changes in the brain may be related to the primary site of damage, and possible aetiological mechanisms are discussed. 相似文献
95.
Griffiths EK Krawczyk C Kong YY Raab M Hyduk SJ Bouchard D Chan VS Kozieradzki I Oliveira-Dos-Santos AJ Wakeham A Ohashi PS Cybulsky MI Rudd CE Penninger JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,293(5538):2260-2263
The molecular adapter Fyb/Slap regulates signaling downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR), but whether it plays a positive or negative role is controversial. We demonstrate that Fyb/Slap-deficient T cells exhibit defective proliferation and cytokine production in response to TCR stimulation. Fyb/Slap is also required in vivo for T cell-dependent immune responses. Functionally, Fyb/Slap has no apparent role in the activation of known TCR signaling pathways, F-actin polymerization, or TCR clustering. Rather, Fyb/Slap regulates TCR-induced integrin clustering and adhesion. Thus, Fyb/Slap is the first molecular adapter to be identified that couples TCR stimulation to the avidity modulation of integrins governing T cell adhesion. 相似文献
96.
Detection of radial crossbridge force by lattice spacing changes in intact single muscle fibers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
G Cecchi M A Bagni P J Griffiths C C Ashley Y Maeda 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4986):1409-1411
Time-resolved lattice spacing changes were measured (10-millisecond time resolution) by x-ray diffraction of synchrotron radiation in single intact muscle fibers of the frog Rana temporaria undergoing electrically stimulated tension development during application of stretches and releases. Ramp releases, which decreased fiber length at constant speed, caused a lattice expansion. After the ramp, increasing tension during recovery was accompanied by lattice compression. Ramp stretches caused a compression of the lattice. While the fiber was held at a constant length after the stretch, tension decreased and lattice spacing increased. These observations demonstrate the existence of a previously undetected radial component of the force generated by a cycling crossbridge. At sarcomere lengths of 2.05 to 2.2 micrometers, the radial force compresses the myofilament lattice. Hence, the myofilament lattice does not maintain a constant volume during changes in force. 相似文献
97.
Griffiths D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1906,23(582):314-316
98.
The trans Golgi network: sorting at the exit site of the Golgi complex 总被引:212,自引:0,他引:212
The Golgi complex is a series of membrane compartments through which proteins destined for the plasma membrane, secretory vesicles, and lysosomes move sequentially. A model is proposed whereby these three different classes of proteins are sorted into different vesicles in the last Golgi compartment, the trans Golgi network. This compartment corresponds to a tubular reticulum on the trans side of the Golgi stack, previously called Golgi endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes (GERL). 相似文献
99.
Migration of bacterial-feeding nematodes,but not protozoa,to decomposing grass residues 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Summary Populations of bacterial-feeding nematodes and protozoa developing in soil amended with dried grass powder or a nutrient solution were monitored in experimental systems designed to prevent migration from surrounding unamended soil. The addition of nutrient solution stimulated both microbial activity, as determined by dehydrogenase activity, and protozoa, but brought about no increase in nematode numbers. Amendment of soil with grass, however, caused an increase in both types of grazer, with the maximum biomass of protozoa (180 g g-1) exceeding that of bacterial-feeding nematodes (42 g-1). The decomposing grass was rapidly colonised by rhaditid nematodes, mainly Caenorhabditis sp. Incubating grass-amended soil in the absence of any surrounding soil, to prevent migration, changed the microflora from predominantly bacterial to predominantly fungal, and so could not be used to compare treatments with and without migration. Surrounding the amended soil with sterilised soil prevented migration and caused no detectable change in the microflora. This treatment demonstrated that migration plays an important part in the colonisation of decomposing substrates by nematodes, but that protozoa do not migrate in soil. The nematodes migrated from a volume of unamended soil that was equivalent to eight times the volume of amended soil. The potential effects of the large grazing pressure on the subsequent decomposition of the grass residue are discussed. 相似文献
100.
Summary A potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Maris piper) was grown in a soil to which N was added, as NH4NO3, with or without added C, as sucrose or straw. Shortly after amendment the soil, in all treatments, contained only relatively low levels of mineral N. However, these levels increased later. The increase, which was greatest in the absence of added C and least with added sucrose, occurred before the emergence of the plant canopy. The addition of C to the soil had no effect on plant yield, measured either as dry matter or total N content. The potential nitrification rate was high early in the season, and decreased significantly as the plants developed. The potential denitrification rate showed two significant peaks in activity, possibly related to plant development, the first to the development of new roots and the second to root senescence. It seems probable that the amount of C released by the potato plants was only about one-quarter of that required for the maximum microbial activity. 相似文献