酶解制备日本沼虾游离精子方法的研究

为了获得数量多且存活的游离青虾精子,首次采用胰蛋白酶消化日本沼虾精荚的方法,获得了游离日本沼虾的精子。通过观察游离精子形态,并经台盼蓝染色,以每克精荚所获得形态正常、结构完整且不被染色的存活精子数为依据,探究胰蛋白酶处理的最佳条件。在p H 7.1的条件下,设计三因素四水平正交试验,设置不同酶浓度(0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%)、处理时间(5 min、10 min、15 min、20 min)和处理温度(30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃),根据正交试验结果确定酶处理最佳反应条件。结果表明,酶浓度对获得游离精子影响最大,其次是处理温度和处理时间。酶处理的最适条件为:酶浓度0.8%,处理时间10 min,处理温度40℃。经优化验证试验,表明上述理论组合确为最佳组合。本研究通过酶解法获得较多数量的存活游离精子,为进一步研究日本沼虾精子提供了获得游离精子的方法。     

茶树硒营养的研究进展

本文就硒元素在茶树体内的分布、含量及其赋存形态以及外施硒肥和土壤硒对茶树生长、茶叶硒含量及茶叶产量的影响等几个方面的研究成果进行了综述,以期为茶园科学施肥和开发富硒茶提供理论依据.     

Oral bovine serum albumin immune‐stimulating complexes improve the immune responses and resistance of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea,Richardson, 1846) against Vibrio alginolyticus

This study aimed to investigate effects of bovine serum albumin immune‐stimulating complexes (BSA ISCOMs) on immune‐related genes expression, serum nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Fish were fed diets containing 3.5 ml of BSA ISCOMs per kg feed (experimental group) or 3.5 ml of phosphate‐buffered saline per kg feed (control group) for 1 week. The liver, spleen, head‐kidney tissues were sampled for determining gene expression of myxovirus‐resistant protein (Mx), major histocompatibility complex class II alpha chain (MHC II α), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) 30 and 90 days after feeding. Also, blood samples were collected for determining activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), interferon alpha (IFN‐α), TNF‐α and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). TNF‐α and MHCⅡα gene expression in the liver, spleen, head‐kidney, as well as IFN‐α, TNF‐α and ALP activities in the serum, of experimental fish were significantly higher 30 days after feeding; while only TNF‐α and MHC II gene expression in the head‐kidney remained upregulated 90 days after feeding. The cumulative mortality of the experimental fish was significantly lower than control. This study indicated that BSA ISCOMs improved the immune response and induced protective immunity in large yellow croaker.     

Infection of Myxobolus turpisrotundus sp. n. in allogynogenetic gibel carp,Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch), with revision of Myxobolus rotundus (s. l.) Nemeczek reported from C. auratus auratus (L.)

Infection of a Myxobolus species, previously identified as Myxobolus rotundus, was detected in 182 of 7892 (2.31%) allogynogenetic gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, in a closed pond culture system in China. Morphological and molecular data showed that this myxosporean is a different species from M. rotundus parasitizing Abramis brama in Europe and is thus designated as a new species, Myxobolus turpisrotundus. M. rotundus (s.l.) ex C. auratusauratus is a synonym of M. turpisrotundus. Plasmodia of M. turpisrotundus develop in the subepidermal tissues of the body surface resulting in an unaesthetic appearance and causing severe economic losses. Prevalence of infection with the myxosporean plasmodia varied seasonally, increasing in winter and decreasing in spring. Prevalence was positively correlated to host size, but no host sex‐specificity was found. No infection was observed in other fish species (grass carp, bighead carp and yellow catfish) reared in the same pond, suggesting that the parasite has a relatively strict host specificity. Plasmodia grew gradually as the parasite developed, and reached up to a maximum 5.6 mm in diameter. Plasmodia ruptured naturally to release the mature spores and host fish completely recovered with no mortality. Release of spores and regeneration of lesions were not correlated with water temperature. Histology showed that plasmodia developed sub‐epidermally, and that the wall of the plasmodia was composed of a multiple complex structure, including layers of fibroblasts, a collagenous membrane, melanophores and a layer of cup‐like cells of unknown derivation and function. The cup‐like cells are in direct contact with pre‐sporogonic stages located in the peripheral parts of the large plasmodia. No severe host inflammatory response was seen.     

2021年度长江口江心青草沙水库鱼类群落结构

为了解长江口江心青草沙水库的鱼类群落结构,于2021年对该水库进行了鱼类资源调查和群落结构分析。共采集鱼类3 209尾,分属于9目13科36属46种,以鲤科淡水鱼类为主;鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）、花（Hemibarbus maculatus）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、刀鲚（Coilia nasus）、翘嘴鲌（Culter alburnus）、长蛇（Saurogobio dumerili）、花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus）的IRI均超过1 000,为优势种;优势种生态位分析显示肉食性和杂食性鱼类在食物资源和生存环境存在较高的生态位重叠,这两种鱼类种群规模扩大受到食物、空间等资源的限制会比生态位重叠低的更大;鲢、鳙与其他鱼类生态位重叠较低,在水库内受到的食物、空间等资源的竞争较小。年度的Margalef种类丰富度指数（D）为5.70,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H’）为3.01,Pielou均匀度指数（J）为0.78, Simpson优势度指数（C）为0.81...     

香菇菌棒工厂化生产中的主要污染形式及其相互关系

查验并分析扎口处污染、接种穴口污染、袋身袋底微孔污染3种香菇菌棒工厂化生产的主要污染形式,及其相互关系。结果表明,木屑原料的充分堆制、机器设备及零配件性能稳定、菌种高质量和接种环境清洁无菌是控制香菇菌棒工厂化生产污染率的主要措施。3种污染形式之间具有显著的正相关关系,其中接种穴口污染的防控是控制总污染率的关键。     

线麻秸秆浸提液对大豆的化感作用

为探究线麻秸秆浸提液对不同大豆品种的化感作用,采用室内发芽试验,研究了不同浓度的线麻秸秆浸提液对大豆种子萌发、根系生长、鲜重和干重的影响。结果表明,线麻秸秆浸提液对大豆种子萌发的各项指标均有一定影响,发芽指数、根毛数量、根鲜重对线麻秸秆浸提液最敏感,不同大豆品种对线麻秸秆浸提液的敏感程度不同,感病品种最为敏感,抗病品种较不敏感,且随着线麻秸秆浸提液浓度的升高,对大豆的化感作用增强。     

利用SPSS实现玉米杂交种主要农艺性状与产量的相关和通径分析

以黑龙江省农业科学院玉米研究所自育的74个玉米杂交材料为研究对象,运用SPSS 18.0对玉米杂交种产量与主要农艺性状中的生育期、株高、穗位、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、粒宽、粒厚、百粒重、容重、出子率关系进行逐步回归分析和通径分析,计算主要农艺性状对杂交种产量的决策系数。结果表明,出子率、百粒重、生育期、穗长和穗行数是影响玉米产量的主要正因素。     

Identification of QTLs Related to Verticillium Wilt Resistance Based on RIL Population

[Objective] The objective of this study was to identify the stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. [Method] In this study, a population of 111 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) strains was developed by crossing a highly resistant parental line "Changkangmian" to Verticillium wilt and the susceptible parent TM-1. The complete composite interval mapping method was adopted to detect QTLs by Verticillium wilt disease index in multiple environmental conditions and periods in Anyang and Verticillium wilt affected areas of Xinjiang. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of polymorphism were screened for genetic mapping. [Result] The genetic map was constructed by 40 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, consisted of 12 linkage groups with total length of 212.5 centimorgan (cM). A total of six QTLs related to the resistance to Verticillium wilt were obtained. The likelihood of odd (LOD) values ranged from 2.51 to 5.55. The maximum phenotypic variation explained (PVE) 20.34%, and the minimum PVE 6.93% were recorded. Among detected QTLs, qVR-D05-1 was detected in both Verticillium wilt affected fields in Anyang and Xinjiang in July 2015 and July 2016 with PVE of 12.96% and 20.34%, respectively. [Conclusion] This study can provide a potential reference for mapping stable QTLs related to resistance to Verticillium wilt.