我国蔬菜作物耐低温性研究进展

低温胁迫是蔬菜生产过程中的主要逆境因子,对蔬菜作物的生长发育、商品产量形成影响极大。本文综述了蔬菜作物耐低温性的遗传模型、生理调节和分子机制,展望了蔬菜作物耐低温性的研究前景。     

F-box domain is involved in regulating the proliferation of MCF-7 cells by FBXO39 protein

AIM: To investigate the effect of F-box domain on the regulation of MCF-7 cell proliferation by FBXO39 protein. METHODS: The effect of F-box domain on the localization of FBXO39 protein in the MCF-7 cells was investigated. MCF-7 cell cDNA library was used as the template resource. The full-length cDNA sequence of FBXO39 was amplified by PCR method and subcloned into eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-C2. The pEGFP-FBXO39ΔF (F-box domain deletion mutation) plasmid was successfully constructed with the template resource of pEGFP-FBXO39 plasmid. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into the MCF-7 cells, and then the expression of FBXO39 and FBXO39ΔF were determined by Western blot. The cellular localization of FBXO39 and FBXO39ΔF were observed by confocal microscopy. The localization of endogenous FBXO39 in the MCF-7 cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. In addition, MTT and EdU assays were used to measure the cell proliferation, flow cytometry was used to measure the cell cycle distribution, and immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of FBXO39 in the breast cancer and para-carcinoma tissues. RESULTS: The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-FBXO39 and pEGFP-FBXO39ΔF were constructed successfully. F-box domain had no effect on the cell localization of FBXO39. FBXO39 promoted MCF-7 cell proliferation but FBXO39ΔF did not. FBXO39 was highly expressed in the breast cancer tissues. CONCLUSION: F-box domain had no effect on the cellular localization of FBXO39 protein. However, it plays an important role in the biological function of FBXO39. FBXO39 may be related to breast cancer tumorigenesis.     

高温-干旱对沙漠植物花花柴光合作用的影响

为了探索高温-干旱胁迫对荒漠植物光合作用的影响,通过测定高温-干旱胁迫时花花柴光合作用的变化,来解释花花柴耐高温-干旱的生物学特性。本实验利用LI-6400XT光合仪测定三种环境(绿地常温,绿地高温,沙漠高温)中花花柴的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(E)及气孔导度(gs)。结果表明一天之中花花柴的净光合速率和蒸腾速率,在绿地常温环境中于16点到19点时达到最高,此时的环境温度为33℃~34℃,同时间段沙漠高温环境中净光合速率相对降低了88.2%,蒸腾速率相对增高了2.15倍;胞间CO2浓度和气孔导度,在绿地常温环境中于11点到13点会达到最高,此时环境温度为25℃~28℃,同时间段沙漠高温环境中二者都呈现出显著下降趋势。表明高温使花花柴的光合指数都有不同程度的降低,但是干旱胁迫的叠加加剧了高温对花花柴光合作用的负效应,且在净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度的实验数据中表现明显,从而可以解释花花柴耐高温-干旱的生物学特性。     

甘蔗叶不同还田方式对土壤养分的影响

为减轻秸秆焚烧所带来的环境问题和充分利用甘蔗叶资源,在大田环境下动态监测甘蔗叶粉碎、焚烧和深埋3种还田方式对土壤养分的影响。结果表明:甘蔗叶粉碎还田和深埋还田有利于甘蔗叶中有机碳及氮、磷、钾养分的缓慢释放;甘蔗叶焚烧还田提高了土壤碱解氮含量5.6~20.9 mg/kg和速效磷含量0.8~4.0 mg/kg,促进土壤中氮磷向有效态转化,焚烧还田初期显著增加了土壤速效钾的含量12.3~18.3 mg/kg,但焚烧会损失部分甘蔗叶中碳氮元素,也造成环境污染。综合分析认为甘蔗叶粉碎还田是比较省工、方便的处理方式。     

中国2种橡胶树炭疽病菌对咪鲜胺敏感性比较

炭疽病是橡胶树上一种重要的叶部病害,主要病原有胶孢炭疽菌和尖孢炭疽菌。为了解中国各植胶区炭疽菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性,采用生长速率法室内测定来自海南、云南、广东和广西4省(区)22株橡胶树胶孢炭疽病菌和15株尖孢炭疽菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性。结果表明:供试的37株橡胶炭疽病菌菌株对咪鲜胺的EC_(50)值为0.022 0~0.272 1 mg/L,平均为(0.061 7±0.055 4)mg/L,EC_(50)最大值是最小值的12.5倍。其中89.2%参试菌株的EC_(50)值介于0~0.100 0 mg/L。根据成组t检验分析结果表明,目前中国4个植胶区的2种橡胶炭疽病菌对咪鲜胺敏感性无明显差异。除了来自海南和云南地区的尖孢炭疽菌有显著性差异外,其他来自不同省份的胶孢炭疽菌和尖孢炭疽菌对咪鲜胺敏感性均无明显差异。研究显示中国橡胶炭疽菌对咪鲜胺仍具有较高的敏感性,但菌株间敏感性有一定的差异,存在一定的潜在抗性风险。     

硼对平邑甜茶幼苗硝态氮吸收、利用及分配特性的影响

以平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,运用~(15)N同位素示踪和非损伤微测技术,研究了不同供硼(硼酸0、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0和6.0 mg·L~(-1))水平对平邑甜茶根系生长及氮素吸收、利用和分配特性的影响。结果表明,3.0 mg·L~(-1)硼酸处理的幼苗根系活力及根系形态指标显著高于其他处理,幼苗的全氮量及~(15)N吸收量增幅最大,分别比对照提高了19.4%和75.0%。随供硼水平的增加,植株氮素利用率呈现先增高后降低的趋势,在3.0 mg·L~(-1)硼酸处理时最大,为14.8%,是对照的1.8倍。施硼处理对幼苗的~(15)N分配率有一定的影响,3.0 mg·L~(-1)硼酸处理的根系~(15)N分配率达到最大,且显著高于对照。非损伤微测结果显示,3.0 mg·L~(-1)硼酸处理时,平邑甜茶根系对NO_3~-有强烈吸收且内流速度达到最大,在缺硼和高硼(硼酸0和6.0 mg·L~(-1))处理时有明显外排趋势。因此,3.0 mg·L~(-1)硼酸处理最有利于平邑甜茶根系的生长、根系活力的提高和氮素的吸收利用,而低硼和过量供硼均会抑制根系生长及氮素的吸收利用。     

辣椒新品种‘苏椒25号’

‘苏椒25号’为早熟辣椒杂交一代新品种。果实长灯笼形,纵径13.5 cm,果肩横径4.5 cm,果肉厚度0.30 cm,单果质量62.1 g,果面微皱有光泽,青果绿色,成熟果红色,味微辣,鲜果维生素C含量1.15 mg·g~(-1),产量为41.0 t·hm~(-2)左右。适合在江淮、黄淮流域保护地栽培。     

Preliminary study of patients with chronic mountain sickness by GC-TOF-MS based serum metabolomics analysis

AIM: To evaluate specific metabolomics profiles in the serum of patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and to explore the potential metabolic biomarkers in the native Tibetans living on the Qinghai-Tibet Pla-teau.METHODS: A gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) approach as a metabolomics technique was used to evaluate metabolic differences. The native Tibetan CMS patients (n=10) and healthy Tibetan controls (n=10) were enrolled from YuShu in Qinghai province in this study. The serum samples were collected and analyzed by GC-TOF-MS coupled with a series of multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).RESULTS: The intergroup differences between CMS patients and control subjects have been observed. A list of differential metabolites and several top altered metabolic pathways have been identified. The levels of fumaric acid, an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and inosine were highly upregulated in the CMS patients, suggesting a greater effort to hypoxic adaptation in high elevation area. Other differential metabolites, such as methyl phosphate, 2-ketoadipate, lyxose and phytanic acid were also identified. Importantly, the differential metabolites possessed higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) values, indicating an excellent clinical ability for the prediction of CMS. Increased levels of amino acids (isoleucine, glycine, serine, L-cysteine, citrulline and trimethyllysine) were detected in CMS group, yet significantly decreased levels of sulfuric acid, oxamic acid, lyxose and glutamine were also detected in CMS group than those in control group. At the same time, the levels of ribose and glucose-1-phosphate were markedly elevated in CMS group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The metabolic activities are significantly altered in the serum of CMS patients. High altitude hypoxia may act on the disturbed glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in part of the Tibetan triggered by CMS.     

黄瓜根际解钾细菌的分离筛选、鉴定及其促生效果

以黄瓜根际土壤为试材,采用亚历山大硅酸盐细菌培养基从黄瓜根际土壤中分离筛选解钾菌,用原子吸收法测定菌株的解钾能力,选出解钾能力较强的菌株进行菌种鉴定,同时研究其对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:从黄瓜根际土壤中共分离获得9株细菌,其中PK1、PK3和PK7具有较强的解钾能力,液体培养96h后其解钾率分别为30.05%、33.78%和44.01%。依据菌株的形态学特征和生理生化特征鉴定,PK1和PK3为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomones putida),PK7为胶质类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus mucilaginosus)。盆栽试验结果表明,与对照相比,14d后PK1提高黄瓜的根长、株高、鲜质量和干质量分别为42.60%、10.45%、48.65%、33.01%,PK3分别对应提高65.26%、21.09%、83.78%和49.48%,PK7分别对应提高79.46%、44.26%、105.41%和113.03%。