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71.
Conception rate of Holstein and Japanese Black cattle following embryo transfer in southwestern Japan
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Hisashi Nabenishi Fumiaki Sugino Rui Konaka Atusi Yamazaki 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(8):1073-1078
This study aimed to quantify and compare conception rates to embryo transfer (ET) of Holstein and Japanese Black cattle in southwestern Japan. A 10‐year retrospective epidemiological survey was conducted. The recipient numbers for Holstein and Japanese Black cattle was 621 and 527, respectively. Conception rates of Holstein and Japanese Black cattle during the study period were 45.4% and 42.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference between both breeds. However, a different trend of conception rate to ET in Holstein and Japanese Black cattle was observed. In Holstein cattle, conception rate in August to October was lower than in the other months and was significantly lower (p < .05) than in April. Particularly, conception rate in October of Holstein cattle was the lowest (31.0%). In Japanese Black cattle, conception rates in December (24.2%) and January (31.3%) were lower than in the other months. Conception rate of Japanese Black cattle declined as the temperature–humidity index (THI) decreased, exhibiting significantly lower levels in the ≤45 THI class than in any other THI class (p < .05). By contrast, in Holstein cattle, no relationship was observed between conception rate and THI on the day of ET. These observations suggest the importance of appropriate management that considers seasonal reactivity in each breed. 相似文献
72.
73.
Fumiaki Takakuwa Ryota Tanabe Shohei Nomura Takashi Inui Shinichi Yamada Amal Biswas Hideki Tanaka 《Aquaculture Research》2022,53(1):36-49
Black soldier fly meal (BM) is an outstanding candidate as a fish meal (FM) substitute because it contains relatively high protein and essential amino acids. In this study, we replaced FM in red sea bream diets (Pagrus major) with BM to investigate its effect on growth and feed utilization. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were prepared by substituting 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% FM protein with BM (Control, BM20, BM40, BM60, BM80 and BM100, respectively). After the 8-week feeding trial, final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency decreased linearly with increasing dietary BM level (p < 0.05). Apparent digestibility of protein and fat and serum total cholesterol concentration decreased with increasing dietary BM levels (p < 0.05) Final body weight, WG, SGR and FE against dietary BM level had breaking points of 76.2%, 41.7%, 76.5% and 60.0%, respectively, in segmental regression analysis. In conclusion, the results suggest that BM can replace a maximum of 41.7% of FM in the diet of red sea bream without compromising growth performance or feed efficiency for 56 days. 相似文献
74.
Fumiaki Takakai Keiko Hatakeyama Mizuhiko Nishida Takashi Sato Yoshihiro Kaneta 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(1):96-105
ABSTRACT The influence of long-term application of different types of compost on rice grain yield, CH4 and N2O emissions, and soil carbon storage (0 ? 30 cm) in rice paddy fields was clarified. Two sets of paddy fields applied with rice straw compost or livestock manure compost mainly derived from cattle were used in this study. Each set comprised long-term application (LT) and corresponding control (CT) plots. The application rates for rice straw compost (42 years) and livestock manure compost (41 years in total with different application rates) were 20 Mg fresh weight ha–1. Soil carbon storage increased by 33% and 37% with long-term application of rice straw compost and livestock manure compost, respectively. The soil carbon sequestration rate by the organic matter application was 23% higher with the livestock manure compost than with the rice straw compost. The rice grain yield in the LT plot was significantly higher than that in the corresponding CT plot with both types of compost. Although the difference was not significant in the rice straw compost, cumulative CH4 emissions increased with long-term application of both composts. Increase rate of CH4 emission with long-term application was higher in the livestock manure compost (99%) than that in the rice straw compost (26%). In both composts, the long-term application did not increase N2O emission significantly. As with the rice straw compost, the increase in CH4 emission with the long-term application of livestock manure compost exceeded the soil carbon sequestration rate, and the change in the net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance calculated by the difference between them was positive, indicating a net increase in the GHG emissions. The increase in CH4 and net GHG emissions owing to the long-term application of the livestock manure compost could be higher than that of the rice straw compost owing to the amount of applied carbon, the quality of compost and the soil carbon accumulation. The possibility that carbon sequestration in the subsoil differs depending on the type of composts suggests the importance of including subsoil in the evaluation of soil carbon sequestration by long-term application of organic matter. 相似文献
75.
Greenhouse gas emissions after a prescribed fire in white birch-dwarf bamboo stands in northern Japan,focusing on the role of charcoal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yong Suk Kim Kobayashi Makoto Fumiaki Takakai Hideaki Shibata Takami Satomura Kentaro Takagi Ryusuke Hatano Takayoshi Koike 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(6):1031-1044
Forest fires affect both carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in forest ecosystems, and thereby influence the soil–atmosphere
exchange of major greenhouse gases (GHGs): carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). To determine changes in the soil GHG fluxes following a forest fire, we arranged a low-intensity surface fire in a white
birch forest in northern Japan. We established three treatments, having four replications each: a control plot (CON), a burned
plot (BURN), and a plot burned with removal of the resulting charcoal (BURN-CHA). Soil GHG fluxes and various properties of
the soil were determined on four or five occasions during a period that spanned two growing seasons. We observed increased
concentrations of ammonium-N (NH4-N) in BURN and BURN-CHA after the fire, while nitrate–N (NO3-N) concentration was only increased in BURN-CHA after the fire. The soil CO2 flux was significantly higher in CON than in BURN or BURN-CHA, but there was no difference in soil CH4 uptake between the three treatments. Moreover, the N2O flux from BURN-CHA soil was slightly greater than in CON or BURN. In BURN-CHA, the soil N2O flux peaked in August, but there was no peak in BURN. We found temporal correlations between soil GHG fluxes and soil variables,
e.g. soil temperature or NO3-N. Our results suggest that environmental changes following fire, including the increased availability of N and the disappearance
of the litter layer, have the potential to change soil GHG fluxes. Fire-produced charcoal could be significant in reducing
soil N2O flux in temperate forests. 相似文献
76.
Shigetani Y Sugahara F Kawakami Y Murakami Y Hirano S Kuratani S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5571):1316-1319
Genes involved in late specification of the mandibular arch, the source of the vertebrate jaw, are expressed with similar patterns in the oral regions of chick and lamprey embryos. However, morphological comparisons indicate that apparently orthologous homeobox genes were expressed in different subdivisions of the ectomesenchyme in the two species. Therefore, the homology and gene expression of the oral region are uncoupled during the transition from agnathan to gnathostome; we conclude that a heterotopic shift of tissue interaction was involved in the evolution of the jaw. 相似文献