杉木雄性不育性遗传机理初步分析*

对杉木雄性不育原株混合授粉子代的开花情况作了观测与分析,初步认为杉木雄性不育性属核质基因作用型,即雄性不育株的细胞核有5对控制育性的隐性纯合基因,细胞质有一种控制不育性的基因,构成雄性不育基因型S (ms1 ms1 ms2 ms2 ms3 ms3 ms4 ms4 ms5 ms5)。     

杉木种子园郁闭度对种子产量的影响

调查长乐、庆元两个杉木子一代种子园，并按株测定同一元性系在不同郁闭度下的碳氮比。结果表明，杉木种子园郁闭度对产量影响很大。郁闭度太小或过大，小区单产均低。最适宜的郁闭度是０．５８￣０．６６。盛果期的杉木种子园必须及时疏伐。     

Winter monsoon promotes the transport of Japanese temperate bass Lateolabrax japonicus eggs and larvae toward the innermost part of Tango Bay,the Sea of Japan

Northwesterly cold winds characteristic of the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) dictate winter climatic conditions over the Japanese Archipelago. Japanese temperate bass Lateolabrax japonicus is a commercially important coastal fish that spawns offshore in winter and uses shallow waters as nursery habitats. To investigate the effects of EAWM on the planktonic period of L. japonicus, eggs, larvae, and juveniles were quantitatively collected in Tango Bay on the Sea of Japan side in winter and spring from 2007 to 2017. Although eggs occurred close to the mouth of the bay, planktonic larvae occurred further inside as they developed. The horizontal distribution of planktonic larvae, combined with water velocity data obtained from mooring observations, indicated that planktonic larvae are transported south‐ to westward through Ekman current and an anticyclonic circulation, which are driven by northwesterly winds. To evaluate survival during the planktonic period in each year class, the abundance of benthic larvae/juveniles was divided by winter total landings of Lateolabrax spp. (proxy of the spawning stock size). This survival index exhibited a positive correlation with the northwesterly component of winter winds, and a negative correlation with winter air temperature (average from December to February, Spearman's correlation, p < .05). There was, however, no significant correlation with winter water temperature or winter freshwater discharge in the bay. We conclude that northwesterly cold winds of EAWM play a critical role in transporting L. japonicus eggs and larvae toward nursery habitats, specifically beaches and estuaries fringing the innermost part of Tango Bay.     

Upstream migration mechanisms of juvenile temperate sea bass <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lateolabrax japonicus</Emphasis> in the stratified Yura River estuary

Hydrographic conditions and distributions of juvenile temperate sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus were observed in early spring from 2009 to 2012 in the Yura River estuary, which is highly stratified due to its small tides and consequent seawater intrusion into the bottom layer of the river as a salt wedge. In all four studied years, the upstream expansion of their distribution coincided with the timing of the salt wedge intrusion from the lower to upper estuary, indicating that juvenile fish used salt wedge intrusions to ascend the estuary in early spring. However, juveniles sometimes remained in the nearshore area even when the salt wedge intrusion had already occurred, indicating that other triggers are also likely to be necessary. We therefore evaluated the effects of temperature on upstream migration behaviors. The relationship between the mean temperature they experienced from hatch until starting the ascent and mean age of each cohort at the upstream migration fitted with the law of effective cumulative temperature. Most cohorts ascended the river at an effective cumulative temperature of approximately 500 °C–days. This suggests that higher temperatures would lead to a shorter period prior to the upstream migration.     

木麻黄优树子代测定结果分析

本文对木麻黄优树的遗传品质进行了分析和评价。结果表明:根据表型选择优树是有效的。木麻黄主要生长性状在家系间和家系内的遗传变异十分明显,其遗传力大小依次为胸径(0.689)>材积(0.565)>树高(0.550)。通过子代测定选出的优良家系,其有性后代在树高、胸径和材积早期生长的遗传增益分别为8.24％,14.33％和24.16％。研究还表明:根据6～7a各家系生长状况初选优良家系,根据种子园无性系早期的胸径生长量,初步淘汰不良无性系,都是可行的。     

Comparison of biomass estimates from multiple stratification approaches in a swept area method for Pacific saury Cololabis saira in the western North Pacific

Fishery-independent surveys using sea surface trawl nets for Pacific saury Cololabis saira in the western North Pacific since 2003 have enabled the investigation of their annual distribution patterns and total biomass during June and July, prior to the main fishing season in Japan. We compared biomass estimates and their associated variances derived based on five different post-stratification approaches in a swept area method, and then observed that these approaches have little effect on biomass estimates and their precision, owing to well-organized survey designs and homogeneously allocated sampling stations. We were able to utilize decreasing biomass estimates for 15 years as an essential abundance index in the ongoing stock assessment. Notably, examination based on stratification along with longitudinal survey lines indicated that the estimated biomass had decreased in the western survey area, resulting in an eastward shift in the gravity center of Pacific saury distribution after 2010. We recommend biomass estimation in an east–west direction based on longitudinal stratification as an effective measure to develop population dynamics models which reflect westward migration into the fishing grounds around Japanese coastal waters, and to forecast the expected catch during the subsequent fishing period.

     

Effects of Insect Density,Movement Period,and Temperature on Three-Dimensional Movement and Distribution of Adult Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)

Knowledge on three-dimensional (3D) movement and distribution of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) in grain bulks assists in the prediction of their distribution inside a bin. The following experiments were conducted to determine the 3D dispersal patterns of adult C. ferrugineus in wheat with 14.5% moisture content: 1) at various insect densities (0.35, 1.77 and 3.53 A/kg (adults/kg) at 20°C and in 24 h movement period; 2) in different movement periods (6, 24, and 72 h) at 20°C and 0.35 A/kg insect density; and 3) at different temperatures (20, 30 and 35°C) at 0.35 A/kg density in 24 h movement period. To create the densities of 0.35, 1.77, and 3.53 A/kg, 100, 500, and 1,000 adults were introduced in about 285 kg wheat, respectively. The 285 kg of wheat was kept in 343 mesh cubes, which in turn were packed in a wooden box. The introduced adults were counted at the end of the movement periods. Adult C. ferrugineus tended to move downward from the point of introduction, and then diffused throughout the grain bulk. The effects of insect densities, movement periods, and temperatures on the dispersion pattern of insects were similar in 1D columns, 2D chambers, and 3D grain bulk.     

Equine congenital papilloma: pathological findings and results of papillomavirus immunohistochemistry in five cases

Abstract Congenital cutaneous papillomas were identified in five foals. Age at diagnosis ranged from 305 days' gestation to 2 days of age. Breeds were thoroughbred (2), standard-bred (1), warmblood (1) and paint (1). Two were female, one was male and the gender of two cases was not specified. Masses were pedunculated with a roughened, wart-like (verrucous) or a smoother, cauliflower-like surface. Masses occurred as single lesions on the forelimb, lip and face, or as multiple lesions on the trunk. Histological features included relatively uniform epidermal papillary hyperplasia with variable melanin pigment within basal layers and vacuolization of keratinocytes in all layers, but with no evidence of nuclear or cytoplasmic changes (koilocytes) characteristic of viral infection. One case showed epidermal proliferation with proliferation of pilosebaceous units. Results of immunohistochemical studies for the detection of papillomavirus antigens were negative in all cases. These results suggest that equine congenital papilloma may be a hamartomatous lesion (epidermal nevus) and not a viral-induced growth.     

Feline systemic reactive angioendotheliomatosis: eight cases and literature review

A rare, multisystemic intravascular proliferative disorder was identified postmortem in eight cats. The majority of these cats died or were euthanized following episodes of dyspnea, lethargy, and anorexia. Microscopic examination revealed occlusive, intraluminal proliferations of spindle cells within small vessels. The heart was consistently involved, and myocardial dysfunction was the probable cause of illness in all cats. Immunohistochemically, the majority of intravascular cells expressed von Willebrand factor, and a smaller number expressed smooth muscle actin, compatible with a dual population of endothelial cells and pericytes, suggesting a reactive rather than a neoplastic process. Four cases of a similar feline vascular disorder from the veterinary literature are reviewed. The histopathology resembles reactive angioendotheliomatosis in humans, a benign cutaneous intravascular endothelial and pericytic proliferative condition. However, in contrast, this feline disease is multisystemic and fatal. We propose the name "feline systemic reactive angioendotheliomatosis" for this unique, idiopathic disorder of domestic cats.     

响应面法优选红皮云杉针叶中莽草酸的匀浆提取工艺

利用响应面分析法（Response Surface Methodology）对红皮云杉中提取莽草酸的工艺进行优化。在单因素实验基础上选取实验因素与水平,根据中心组合（Box-Benhnken）实验设计原理采用3因素3水平的响应面分析法,根据回归分析确定各工艺条件的影响因子,以莽草酸的得率和纯度为响应值作响应面。在分析各因素的显著性和交互作用后,得出红皮云杉中莽草酸匀浆提取的最佳工艺条件为：提取温度为40℃,提取时间为3 min,提取料液比为1∶10.3。在最佳条件下,莽草酸的得率可达0.84%,莽草酸的实际纯度可达6.15%。