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31.
Summary In diallel crosses of Io plants of pointed headed cabbage a significant sca variance for head weight and a significant gca variance for earliness was found.In a diallel set of inbred lines the sca variance for plant weight decreased when plants were harvested later, while the gca variance increased. By means of the Hayman-Jinks analysis clear overdominance but no epistatic effects could be recorded.Double crosses and mass propagated single crosses were inferior compared with single crosses and proved to be not attractive for horticultural practice.Already in a young plant stage differences in plant weight between inbred and hybrid plants were noted in favour of the latter. During the growth period this difference increased. Single crosses produced relatively fewer outer leaves than double crosses and inbred lines. 相似文献
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Michelle B. Christensen Rebecca Langhorn Amelia Goddard Eva B. Andreasen Elena Moldal Asta Tvarijonaviciute Jolle Kirpensteijn Sabrina Jakobsen Frida Persson Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(2):161-168
The diagnostic performance of canine serum amyloid A (SAA) was compared with that of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the detection of systemic inflammation in dogs. Sera from 500 dogs were retrospectively included in the study. C-reactive protein and SAA were measured using validated automated assays. The overlap performance, clinical decision limits, overall diagnostic performance, correlations, and agreement in the clinical classification between these 2 diagnostic markers were compared. Significantly higher concentrations of both proteins were detected in dogs with systemic inflammation (SAA range: 48.75 to > 2700 mg/L; CRP range: 0.4 to 907.4 mg/L) compared to dogs without systemic inflammation (SAA range: 1.06 to 56.4 mg/L; CRP range: 0.07 to 24.7 mg/L). Both proteins were shown to be sensitive and specific markers of systemic inflammation in dogs. Significant correlations and excellent diagnostic agreement were observed between the 2 markers. However, SAA showed a wider range of concentrations and a significantly superior overall diagnostic performance compared with CRP. 相似文献
35.
Frida Westgren Charles J. Ley Naruepon Kampa Peter Lord 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(6):632-637
The current standard scintigraphic method for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs is the integral method, which normalizes renal GFR to body weight. The plasma volume method, that is normalizing GFR to plasma volume, has been reported to be more physiologically correct. The aim of this prospective study was to test the effect of hydration status on GFR measured by these two methods in a group of dogs with suspected renal disease. Eleven dogs were recruited. All dogs underwent standardized scintigraphic examinations before and after 15 ml/kg of fluid was administered intravenously at 5–7 ml/kg/min. Individual kidney GFR estimates (n = 22) were calculated using both methods and a consensus of two observers who were unaware of clinical findings. Individual kidney GFR increased significantly (P = 0.0008) after fluid administration using the integral method and individual kidney GFR using the plasma volume method remained constant. Percentage differences for individual kidney GFR before and after fluid administration were 31.4 ± 58.1% (change ± 95% CI) for the integral method and 0.1 ± 70% (change ± 95% CI) for the plasma volume method. Intravenously administered fluid increased individual kidney GFR from low to normal in 10 of 22 kidneys using the integral method and in 1 of 22 kidneys using the plasma volume method. Findings supported the use of the plasma volume method for scintigraphic calculation of GFR in dogs with suspected renal disease and indicated that errors of kidney status classification may more likely occur when the integral method is used. 相似文献
36.
F.?Kleitman S.?Manulis G.?Kritzman D.?Oppenheim M.?Zilberstaine D.?ShtienbergEmail author 《Phytoparasitica》2004,32(2):127-131
Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, is managed by application of bactericides to protect fruit tree blossoms from infection.
Monitoring the response ofE. amylovora strains to bactericides is crucial for adequate disease management. The coliform agar medium produced by Merck was recently
reported as an effective tool for rapid diagnosis ofE. amylovora (RD-medium). The objective of the present study was to examine the possibility of using the RD-medium forin situ determination of the response ofE. amylovora strains to oxolinic acid and streptomycin. The phenotypic response of 48E. amylovora strains isolated in 2002 to both bactericides was determined with the RD-medium and, for comparison, by a routine laboratory
test. The results of 45 samples (93.7%) were in agreement with the findings of the routine laboratory test. Aχ
2 test rejected the null hypothesis that the phenotypic characteristics as determined by the two respective methods differed
significantly (P=0.389). Thein situ test was implemented on a national scale in 2003 and the results were in agreement with those obtained in laboratory tests,
which suggests that this medium can be usedin situ for monitoring the appearance of resistance inE. amylovora populations.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 11, 2004. 相似文献
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Background
The persistence of high genetic variability in natural populations garners considerable interest among ecologists and evolutionary biologists. One proposed hypothesis for the maintenance of high levels of genetic diversity relies on frequency-dependent selection imposed by parasites on host populations (Red Queen hypothesis). A complementary hypothesis suggests that a trade-off between fitness costs associated with tolerance to stress factors and fitness costs associated with resistance to parasites is responsible for the maintenance of host genetic diversity.Results
The present study investigated whether host resistance to parasites is traded off with tolerance to environmental stress factors (high/low temperatures, high salinity), by comparing populations of the freshwater snail Melanoides tuberculata with low vs. high clonal diversity. Since polyclonal populations were found to be more parasitized than populations with low clonal diversity, we expected them to be tolerant to environmental stress factors. We found that clonal diversity explained most of the variation in snail survival under high temperature, thereby suggesting that tolerance to high temperatures of clonally diverse populations is higher than that of populations with low clonal diversity.Conclusions
Our results suggest that resistance to parasites may come at a cost of reduced tolerance to certain environmental stress factors.39.
Frida Kleitman Isaac Barash Annette Burger Naim Iraki Yunis Falah Guido Sessa Dan Weinthal Laura Chalupowicz Karl-Heinz Gartemann Rudolf Eichenlaub Shulamit Manulis-Sasson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(4):463-475
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) strains, collected during the last decade from different locations in Israel, were analyzed by macrorestriction pulsed-field
gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fifty-eight strains from Israel and 18 from other sources were differentiated into 11 haplotypes
with either VspI or DraI restriction enzymes. The strains from Israel formed four distinct groups among which groups A (16 strains) and B (32 strains)
constituted the major clusters. These two groups originated from the Besor region, which is the main area for growing tomatoes
under cover. Rep-PCR, with either ERIC or BOX primers, confirmed results obtained by PFGE. PCR with primers based on three
genes – ppaA, chpC and tomA – that spanned the pathogenicity island of the reference strain NCPPB382, produced the expected products with the tested
pathogenic strains. Plasmid analysis of representative strains revealed different profiles of one or two plasmids. However
all the strains, including five non-pathogenic ones, reacted positively in PCR with primers based on celA gene, which resides on the plasmid pCM1 of NCPPB382. Southern hybridization of total DNA with a 3.2-kb BglII-fragment of pCM1 containing the celA gene was positive when carried out with 31 strains, but the size of the reacting band was not always the same as that of
pCM1, suggesting that the plasmids carrying celA may differ in size. Comparison between the colonization rates of strain Cmm42 (group A) and of Cmm32 (group B) did not show any significant differences. The high diversity of the Cmm strains, on the one hand, and the presence of two persistent groups in the Besor region, on the other hand, suggests that
the primary inoculum originated each year from residual plants in the soil rather than from infested seeds, in spite of extensive
control measures taken by the growers in this area. 相似文献
40.
Shulamit Manulis D. Zutra Frida Kleitman Orit Dror I. David Miriam Zilberstaine E. Shabi 《Phytoparasitica》1998,26(3):223-230
Following failure in control of fire blight with streptomycin, the distribution of streptomycin-resistant strains ofErwinia amylovora in Israel was surveyed. During 1994–1997 109 pear, apple, loquat and quince orchards were monitored. Streptomycin-resistant
strains ofE. amylovora were recovered from flowers and from infected branches collected at 18 locations in the Sharon, Galilee and Golan Heights
regions. In the Sharon region all the isolated strains ofE. amylovora were streptomycin-resistant, whereas in the Galilee and Golan Heights, resistant as well as sensitiveE. amylovora strains were recovered at different locations. In the southern coastal plain no resistance could be detected. Streptomycin-resistant
strains ofE. amylovora did not hybridize with the DNA probe SMP3, and resistance could not be transferred by mating to a sensitive strain, suggesting
that streptomycin resistance in Israel is not plasmid-mediated. Fire blight symptoms were observed, for the first time, on
pear blossoms during the autumn of 1994. A high population of 2x 106-6x 107 CFU/flower in the autumn of 1995 and of 1996 was correlated with the appearance of blossom blight symptoms. 相似文献