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排序方式: 共有553条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Paloma de Melo Amaral Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho Edenio Detmann Stefanie Alvarenga Santos Laura Franco Prados Lays Débora Silva Mariz Lyvian Cardoso Alves Ana Clara Baião Menezes Faider Alberto Castaño Villadiego Marco Aurélio Schiavo Novaes Flávia Adriane de Sales Silva 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(2):419-425
Beef cattle (24) with an average initial body weight of 417?±?54 kg were assigned in a 2?×?2 factorial design with six repetitions. The factors studied were two levels of CP: 11 (low CP) or 13 % (high CP) in the initial feedlot phase (days 1–36) and in the final phase (days 37–72). After 36 days, half of the bulls fed with each level of CP were selected to reverse the CP level. No interaction was observed (P?>?0.05) between the level of protein in the initial and final phases on the intake of the nutrients evaluated. There was no effect (P?>?0.05) of the protein levels in the initial and final phases on intake of dry matter, organic matter, CP, non-fiber carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients. No differences were observed among treatments (P?>?0.05) for average daily gain (X = 1.99 kg/day) and carcass traits. We conclude that it is possible to feed Holstein-Zebu crossed bulls with an average daily gain of approximately 2 kg using a fixed level of 11 % CP during the entire feedlot period, and this diet is economically viable and environmentally sound. 相似文献
152.
Influence of cultivar on quality parameters and chemical composition of strawberry fruits grown in Brazil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cordenunsi BR Oliveira do Nascimento JR Genovese MI Lajolo FM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(9):2581-2586
Six strawberry cultivars grown on the same commercial plantation in Brazil were evaluated for their chemical composition and quality attributes at the ripe stage. The profiles of the main soluble sugars, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanins were also obtained during the developmental stages. Results showed significant differences among cultivars in all of the investigated parameters. Cv. Campineiro showed an average value for texture of 0.63 N, half the value found for cv. Oso Grande. Anthocyanin content ranged from 13 (cv. Campineiro) to 55 (cv. Mazi) mg/100 g. Total ascorbic acid found for cv. Campineiro (85 mg/100 g) was twice the amount found in cv. Dover (40 mg/100 g). Fructose was the predominant soluble sugar in almost all cultivars. The proportion among the main soluble sugars (fructose, sucrose, and glucose) was similar for Oso Grande and Toyonoka cultivars. The flavonol content (quercetin plus kaempferol derivatives) ranged from 2.7 to 7.1 mg/100 g, with a mean value of 6.1 mg/100 g, whereas free ellagic acid ranged from 0.9 to 1.9 and total phenolics varied from 159 to 289 (mean 221) mg/100 g. 相似文献
153.
Franco Baldi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,38(1-2):111-119
Samples of soils and mosses were collected near a geothermal power plant, which is located in one of the most active geothermal fields of the world (Southern Tuscany). High concentrations of Hg (up to 1.8 μg g?1 d.w.) occur in mosses as far as 0.6 km from the geothermal plant, and the Hg uptake of mosses is unrelated to the species except for Bryum torquescens. The Hg in the soil was lower than in mosses, and the greatest concentrations in soil were near the Travale-22 well, which feeds the most powerful geothermal plant (30 MW) in the area. In addition, the concentrations of Hg detected in soil cores and in old bottom leaves of several specimens of Hypnum cupressiforme show that this element has been emitted into the air also in the past probably since the discovery of T-22 well in 1972. 相似文献
154.
Macrolophus pygmaeus is a polyphagous mirid bug native to the Mediterranean area where it is widely used in the biological control of whiteflies
and other pests in vegetable crops. To assess the presence of eggs in females is important in order to optimize predator release
strategies, as well as their mass rearing. This study shows an alternative to the traditional procedures of fertility assessment
based on evaluation of newly hatched nymphs. A polyclonal antiserum was produced against M. pygmaeus egg proteins, and an ELISA protocol was developed to determine whether laboratory-reared or field-collected females contained
egg proteins (mainly vitellin). When field-collected females were analysed, an 80% contained egg proteins indicating that
they were reproductively active. Presence/absence of egg proteins was detected with an error than 1%. Since this ELISA protocol
allowed also the detection of egg protein precursors, it was more precise and less time consuming than conventional techniques
as abdomen dissection or egg-hatch evaluation in determining egg presence in females. 相似文献
155.
Activity of extracts from wild edible herbs against postharvest fungal diseases of fruit and vegetables 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maria Antonia Gatto Antonio Ippolito Vito Linsalata Nicholas A. Cascarano Franco Nigro Sebastiano Vanadia Donato Di Venere 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,61(1):72-82
The use of plant extracts could be a useful alternative to synthetic fungicides in the management of rot fungi during postharvest handling of fruit and vegetables. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro and in vivo activity of extracts obtained from nine wild edible herbaceous species (Borago officinalis, Orobanche crenata, Plantago coronopus, P. lanceolata, Sanguisorba minor, Silene vulgaris, Sonchus asper, Sonchus oleraceus, and Taraxacum officinale) against some important postharvest pathogens, i.e. Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia laxa, Penicillium digitatum, P. expansum, P. italicum, Aspergillus carbonarius, and A. niger. Phenolic composition of all extracts was evaluated by HPLC. Several derivatives of caffeic acid, of the flavones apigenin and luteolin, and of the flavonols kaempferol and quercetin, were identified. Extracts from S. minor and O. crenata showed the highest efficacy in all the trials. In particular, S. minor completely inhibited in vitro the conidial germination of M. laxa, P. digitatum, P. italicum, and A. niger and strongly reduced those of B. cinerea; O. crenata extract showed a lower but still significant reduction of conidial germination on all the tested fungi. Moreover, the extracts from both species were effective in reducing the germ tube elongation also when a slight inhibition of conidial germination was observed. In many cases, a dose effect was observed, with an increase of antifungal activity as the phenolic concentration increased. In trials performed on wounded fruit, S. minor extract completely inhibited brown rot on apricots and nectarines; O. crenata extract strongly reduced grey mould, brown rot, and green mould on table grapes, apricots and nectarines, and oranges, respectively. The inhibition efficacy of extracts was ascribed to the presence of some caffeic acid derivatives and/or flavonoids. HPLC phenolic analyses provided useful information to identify the possible active compounds. 相似文献
156.
Statistical methods for classifying genotypes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In genetic resource conservation and plant breeding, multivariate data on continuous and categorical traits are collected
with the objective of selecting genotypes and accessions that best represent the entire population or gene collection with
the minimum loss of genetic diversity. Therefore, the best numerical classification strategy is the one that produces the
most compact and well-separated groups, that is, minimum variability within each group and maximum variability among groups.
In this study, we review geometric classification techniques as well as statistical models based on mixed distribution models.
The two-stage sequential clustering strategy uses all variables, continuous and categorical, and it tends to form more homogeneous
groups of individuals than other clustering strategies. The sequential clustering strategy can be applied to three-way data
comprising genotypes × environments × attributes. This approach groups genotypes with consistent responses for most of the
continuous and categorical traits across environments.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
157.
Carmen Rocío Rodríguez Pleguezuelo Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo José Ramón Francia Martínez José Luis Muriel Fernández Dionisio Franco Tarifa 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2011,25(2):61-79
Agricultural nonpoint-source pollution is the leading cause of water-quality degeneration of rivers and groundwater. In this
context, the coast of Granada province (SE Spain) is economically an important area for the subtropical fruit cultivation.
This intensively irrigated agriculture often uses excessive fertilizers, resulting to water pollution. Therefore, a 2-year
experiment was conducted using drainage lysimeters to determine the potential risk of nutrient pollution in mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Osteen) and cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill. cv. Fino de Jete) orchards. These lysimeters were used to estimate the nutrient budgeting for each crop. NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P and K losses according to lysimeters were, respectively, 55.1, 12.4, 3.7, and 0.6 for mango and 61.8, 17.8, 4.9, and 0.5 kg ha−1 yr−1, for cherimoya. NO3, concentrations in the leachates ranged from 1.8 to 44.3 mg L−1, and from 23.0 to 51.0 mg L−1, for mango and cherimoya, respectively, in some cases exceeding the limits for safe drinking water. PO4 also exceeded the permitted concentrations related to eutrophication of water, ranging from 0.07 to 0.5 mg L−1 and from 0.12 to 0.68 mg L−1 from mango and cherimoya lysimeters, respectively. With respect to the nutrient balance, N, P, and K removed by cherimoya
fruits was 76.4, 5.5, and 22.6 kg ha−1 yr−1, and for mango fruits 30.2, 3.3 and 27.8 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Nutrient losses in the leachates were surprisingly low, considering total N, P, and K applied during the year,
in mango lysimeters 3.8, 0.11, and 12.6%, and in cherimoya lysimeters 7.7, 0.23 and 16.0%, respectively, indicating a potential
soil accumulation and eventual loss risk, especially during torrential rains. Crop coefficient (Kc) values of mango trees varied within ranges of 0.35–0.67, 0.55–0.89, and 0.39–0.80 at flowering, fruit set, and fruit growth,
respectively. Kc values for cherimoya trees had ranges of 0.58–0.67, 0.61–0.68, and 0.43–0.62 at flowering, fruit set and fruit growth, respectively.
In this study, the Kc values of mango and cherimoya were significantly correlated to julian days. Therefore, the estimated WUE in the mango and
cherimoya orchards reached 21.2 and 14.0 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively. Thus, this study highlights the urgency to establish the optimal use of fertilizers and irrigation water with
respect to crop requirements, to preserve surface-water and groundwater quality, thereby achieving more sustainable agriculture
in orchard terraces. 相似文献
158.
Quinchia LA Delgado MA Valencia C Franco JM Gallegos C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(24):12917-12924
Knowledge of the oxidative stability of vegetable oils for lubricant applications is a key point, because vegetable oil oxidation potential is the main disadvantage for its use as a lubricant. Oil degradation after an oxidation process can seriously affect its lubricating function and increase wear. In this work, two different methods for evaluating the oxidation stability of lubricating vegetable oils, the oxidation onset temperature, characterized through DSC measurements (ASTM E 2009-08), and the pressure drop in the oxygen pressure vessel (ASTM D 942-02), have been used. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis and FTIR studies have also been carried out. High-oleic sunflower (HOSO) and castor (CO) oils were selected and blended with natural ((+)-α-tocopherol (TCP), propyl gallate (PG), l-ascorbic acid 6-palmitate (AP)) or synthetic antioxidants (4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) (MBP)), with the aim of formulating biodegradable vegetable-based lubricants according to REACH regulation. (1) The results showed that the most effective biodegradable antioxidant is PG, comparable to MBP, whereas lower effectiveness was obtained for TCP and AP. In relation to the methods tested, DSC measurements achieve accurate data more quickly for evaluating the oxidation stability of these basestocks, showing a linear correlation with the traditional method based on the oxygen bomb test. The empirical equation obtained depends on the mechanism involved in the antioxidant activity. 相似文献
159.
Caviar samples were spiked at the 0.1 and 0.2% levels and digested with nitric acid in a closed Teflon-lined digestion vessel to prevent volatility losses. The boron was complexed with 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol and extracted into methylisobulty ketone. The emission of the boron oxide band was measured in a nitrous oxidehydrogen flame. The mean recoveries at the 0.1 and 0.2% levels for 6 collaborators were 95.7 and 97.1%, respectively. 相似文献
160.
Summary Seven wild diploid potato species, Series Tuberosa, representing 1023 clones were screened for resistance to the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida. Over 25% of the clones were resistant to pathotype P4A and almost 30% were resistant to pathotype P5A. The resistance in hybrid progenies of these and other resistant species with cultivated potatoes was evaluated, and over 2200 seedlings were screened. High frequencies of resistance (>50%) to P4A were found in progenies with Solanum leptophyes, S. vernei, S. gourlayi and S. capsicibaccatum, whereas resistance to P5A was found in these species as well as S. sparsipilum. The importance of nematode resistant wild species for potato breeding is discussed. 相似文献