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Guido Cipriani Francesco Pinosa Maura Bonoli Walter Faedi 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):668-675
SummaryThis study reports the development of 68 new microsatellite markers. Of these, 45 were obtained, together with 20 others already published, from an AC-enriched genomic library of the wild strawberry Fragaria vesca. The 68 markers were tested for transportability to the cultivated strawberry F. ananassa ‘Miss’ and 83% gave positive amplifications. Twenty pairs of primers were selected and tested for their transportability to 16 Fragaria taxa and eight species of Rosaceae (peach, almond, apricot, European and Sino-Japanese plums, sweet and sour cherry, apple). The average proportion of primers amplifying loci in Fragaria was 69%, while the transportability to Rosaceae was very low and resulted in null amplification for 80% of the primer pairs. In addition, 23 microsatellite markers were developed from F. ananassa ‘expressed sequence tags’ databases. A total of 141 primer pairs from these and published primers, were tested for polymorphism in the two parents (91.333.2 and ‘Snovit’; both belonging to F. vesca) of a full sib population of 46 individuals. Fifty-eight percent of the primers were discarded because they were monomorphic, or were difficult to interpret, or their allelic conformation was not useful for mapping. The segregation of 73 primers was tested in the progeny and a partial map of the female parent was constructed, based on the segregation of 66 useful markers that were ordered into eight linkage groups of which four had from seven to 14 markers. 相似文献
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Characterization of commercial kava-kava herbal drug and herbal drug preparations by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bilia AR Bergonzi MC Lazari D Vincieri FF 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(18):5016-5025
The efficiency of one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments in characterizing the content of the constituents of both herbal drugs and herbal drug preparations is demonstrated for kava-kava. These experiments directly detect active constituents represented by kavalactones in both a finely powdered herbal drug and a commercial extract. In addition, NMR spectroscopy can detect all other compounds present in the extract. As previously evidenced, NMR experiments can represent a generally applicable technique for rapid screening and are a complement to the classical analytical techniques such as high-performance thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary gas chromatography, and electrophoresis. These experiments can be considered a very simple and fast analytical method to obtain a fingerprint of the herbal drugs and their preparations, and to quantify the content of the active principles of the extract. 相似文献
46.
Rapisarda P Calabretta ML Romano G Intrigliolo F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(7):2664-2669
The aim of this work was to develop a method for authenticity control of organically grown orange fruits. Due to the different kinds of nitrogen fertilization of the soil in organically and conventionally managed farms, the study tried to verify the possibility to differentiate Navelina and Tarocco orange fruits obtained by these production systems through the detection of markers linked to nitrogen metabolism. In addition to the classic quality parameters, total nitrogen (N) and synephrine contents in juice and (15)N/(14)N isotope ratio (expressed as delta(15)N per thousand) in proteins of pulp and amino acids of juice were determined. The results obtained indicated that total N and synephrine contents were significantly higher in conventional fruits, whereas the delta(15)N per thousand values were higher in the organic ones. The new markers identified in this research by linear discriminant analysis of the data may constitute a useful tool to differentiate organic citrus fruits or juices from conventional ones. 相似文献
47.
H. P. Collins A. Alva R. A. Boydston R. L. Cochran P. B. Hamm A. McGuire E. Riga 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(3):247-257
Sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam sodium) and 1,3 dichloropropene are widely used in potato production for the control of soil-borne
pathogens, weeds, and plant parasitic nematodes that reduce crop yield and quality. Soil fumigation with metam sodium has
been shown in microcosm studies to significantly reduce soil microbial populations and important soil processes such as C
and N mineralization. However, few published data report the impact of metam sodium on microbial populations and activities
in potato production systems under field conditions. Fall-planted white mustard (Brassica hirta) and sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) cover crops may serve as an alternative to soil fumigation. The effect of metam sodium and cover crops was determined on
soil microbial populations, soil-borne pathogens (Verticillium dahliae, Pythium spp., and Fusarium spp.), free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes, and C and N mineralization potentials under potato production on five soil
types in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Washington. Microbial biomass C was 8–23% greater in cover crop treatments compared
to those fumigated with metam sodium among the soil types tested. Replacing fumigation with cover crops did not significantly
affect C or N mineralization potentials. Cumulative N mineralized over a 49-day laboratory incubation averaged 18 mg NO3-N kg−1 soil across all soil types and treatments. There was a general trend for N mineralized from fumigated treatments to be lower
than cover-cropped treatments. Soil fungal populations and free-living nematode levels were significantly lowered in fumigated
field trials compared to cover-cropped treatments. Fumigation among the five soil types significantly reduced Pythium spp. by 97%, Fusarium spp. by 84%, and V. dahliae by 56% compared to the mustard cover crop treatment. The percentage of bacteria and fungi surviving fumigation was greater
for fine- than coarse-textured soils, suggesting physical protection of organisms within the soil matrix or a reduced penetration
and distribution of the fumigants. This suggests the potential need for a higher rate of fumigant to be used in fine-textured
soils to obtain comparable reductions in soil-borne pathogens. 相似文献
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Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - Transformations in light attenuation (Kd) and Secchi disc transparency (SD) in Round Valley Reservoir, New Jersey, are documented over a 17 yr period... 相似文献
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Rastrelli L Passi S Ippolito F Vacca G De Simone F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(20):5566-5570
Changes in the concentration of tocopherol, monophenols, o-diphenols, squalene, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in olive oil were evaluated during 1 year at various storage conditions. Samples of two different extra virgin olive oil (EOO), produced in Calabria (Italy), were stored in dark and in colorless bottles, filled up completely or to half, in order to simulate the domestic storage conditions. The extent of oxidation or photooxidation was monitored by periodic measurements of peroxide values and the rate of degradation of alpha-tocopherol, o-diphenols, squalene, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The quantitative analysis of the constituents has been performed by HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS, and GC-MS. The main changes in the concentrations of the analyzed compounds were associated with the major oxygen level in the half-empty glass bottles. alpha-Tocopherol was the first molecule to be oxidized (-20% after 2 months, -92% after 12 months). Squalene and o-diphenols were protected in the first months by the presence of alpha-tocopherol, and their content decreased significantly only after 6 and 8 months, respectively, in the half-empty bottles. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids remained almost constant during 8 months for all four different storage conditions; their oxidation started when the level of the antioxidants decreased. 相似文献