The Performing Protein: Beyond Wheat Proteomics?

Substantial progress has been made in breaking down the complex pattern of proteins in wheat, and the constant improvement of “‐omics” approaches has allowed relating the abundance of selected wheat proteins to flour and semolina performance during processing. This strategy has provided some sound molecular basis for the work of geneticists, breeders, and growers. Along with an update on work in this area, this review is meant to highlight that performance‐relevant proteins may need specific structural features to carry out performance‐relevant functions during processing. In this frame, some of the approaches used to investigate structural features of wheat proteins are discussed, with a focus on water‐insoluble gluten proteins and on those approaches that allow minimal disturbance of the protein structure itself. Selected examples of the application of some of these approaches to the study of starting materials and of structural modifications that occur at various processing stages are presented. The effects of process‐induced modifications on the various interactions among macromolecules that govern the physical and sensory features of wheat‐based foods are also briefly discussed.     

提升中国体育品牌核心竞争力的经济问题研究*

通过对我国众多体育品牌的现状分析,找出其中外存在的差距,指出我国体育品牌在发展中遗漏的弊端,取其精华去其糟粕的制定出先进的管理与提高经济效益的方法,为带动我国体育产业经济利益提供可参考依据。     

Spatial variability of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) yield as related to soil parameters in a small field

The harvested biomass of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is generally much lower than its potential; this may be due to several factors including not recovering all the biomass at harvest, weed competition, pests, disease and spatial variation of soil features. The objective of this research was to quantify the yield spatial variation of switchgrass and relate it to soil parameters, in a field of about 5 ha, in 2004 and 2005. Several thematic maps of soil parameters and biomass yield were produced using GIS and geostatistical methods. Soil parameters changed consistently within very short distances and biomass yield varied from 3 to more than 20 Mg ha⁻¹. This remarkable variation indicates that the potential for increasing switchgrass productivity is a real prospect. Furthermore, spatial variation of yield showed similar patterns in the 2 years (r = 0.38^**), and therefore a major influence of site characteristics on switchgrass yield can be assumed to occur. Significant correlations were found between biomass yield and soil N, P, moisture and pH as well as between soil parameters. Some soil parameters such as sand content showed patchy spatial distribution. Conversely, a reliable spatial dependence could not be identified for other parameters such as P. Further research is needed.     

胡椒花叶病传播途径的研究

胡椒花叶病是我国胡椒的一种严重传染性病害。试验表明:土壤、种子均不传病,病组织汁液摩擦接种也不传病,人工嫁接可传病,但胡椒栽培一般不采用嫁接,因而不是传病的途径。通过对海南儋县胡椒园一种常见的棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)进行传毒试验,获得成功,证明棉蚜是我国胡椒花叶病的传毒介体之一。带病的插条(种苗)也是该病的主要传播途径。     

我国马铃薯育种方式的变迁及其转基因育种研究进展

我国马铃薯品种选育经历了引种鉴定选育、杂交选育、细胞工程选育和基因工程选育4个阶段,培育出大量的各种类型品种,其中基因工程育种始于近年,已在抗病毒病、抗细菌和真菌病、品质改良和提高抗逆性方面取得了一定的进展。     

Central fatigue and nycthemeral change of serum tryptophan and serotonin in the athletic horse

Background  

The serotonergic system is associated with numerous brain functions, including the resetting of the mammalian circadian clock. The synthesis and metabolism of 5-HT in the brain increases in response to exercise and is correlated with high levels of blood-borne tryptophan (TRP). The present investigation was aimed at testing the existence of a daily rhythm of TRP and 5-HT in the blood of athletic horses.     

云南文山州畜禽饲用秸秆的糖、蛋白和脂类养分的含量和综合等级

研究旨在阐明云南文山州常用畜禽饲用秸秆的糖、蛋白和脂类养分的含量和综合等级,为该州饲用秸秆的养分评价和配置提供依据。以文山州近年广大畜禽养殖户常用的草果、‘西畴芭蕉芋’、‘文金1号’、‘文紫椒3号’、小米辣、滇重楼、象草和玉米‘文青贮2号’秸秆为材料,用分光光度法测定了秸秆的可溶性糖、总淀粉和可溶性蛋白质含量,用凯氏定氮法和索氏抽提法分别测定了粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量,并用隶属函数法评价了秸秆糖、蛋白和脂类养分的综合等级。结果表明：滇重楼秸秆的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均最高,分别为163.603±0.218 mg/g(DW)和16.637±0.038 mg/g(DW),‘文青贮2号’秸秆的总淀粉和粗脂肪含量均最高,分别约为283.008±2.507 mg/g(DW)和(3.598±0.055)%,‘文紫椒3号’秸秆的粗蛋白含量最高,约为(11.864±0.202)%;可溶性糖、总淀粉、可溶性蛋白质、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量在不同秸秆间的差异均达到极显著水平;8种秸秆糖、蛋白和脂类养分的综合等级为：滇重楼>‘文青贮2号’>小米辣>‘文紫椒3号’>西畴芭蕉芋>象草>‘文金1号’>草果。     

不同工艺条件对米酒酸甜度及酒精度的影响

[目的]研究甜酒酿发酵过程中化学成分的变化规律,考察不同发酵条件对米酒酸甜度及酒精度的影响.[方法]试验以微王长糯米、普通长糯米、圆糯米3种糯米为原料,以石台县高路亭酒曲、青阳县酒曲2种酒曲,在25、30、32、35℃4种温度条件进行试验,对比分析各组处理所酿制米酒的pH、糖度以及酒精度等指标.[结果]试验表明,甜酒酿发酵参数的最佳工艺配置为使用圆糯米和高路亭酒曲,在32℃发酵温度条件下发酵68h.该条件下酒酿酸甜适中、酒香浓郁、口感醇滑、无怪异气味、色泽澄清.[结论]研究可为生产质量稳定、品质优良的米酒产品提供技术参考.     

农用无线传感器网络低功耗休眠算法应用研究

无线传感器网络技术在农业上得到广泛应用,传感器节点能量有限,但是农业环境对无线传感器网络的能耗要求更高。如何最大限度地利用有限的能量,延长网络节点电池的供电时长成为了研究农业无线传感器网络的关键问题之一。本文从优化无线传感器网络拓扑结构及优化节点同步/休眠机制入手,研究在不影响网络通讯质量的前提下,实现网络同步及休眠,降低传感器节点能耗。选择了一种树形网络拓扑结构,提出了一种逐级休眠唤醒同步的节点时间同步、休眠方式,在JENIC5139平台进行了试验。结果表明,该网络拓扑结构及休眠方式,进一步降低功耗,大大延长了农用无线传感器网络电池的供电时间,从而提高网络的生存期。     

江苏典型斑点叉尾鮰（Ictalurus punctatus）养殖区多环芳烃生态风险及健康风险评价

为评价江苏典型斑点叉尾鮰养殖区多环芳烃(PAHs)残留水平和生态风险及健康风险,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GCMS)根据生长阶段跟踪监测了江苏主要养殖区养殖塘斑点叉尾鮰鱼体、池塘水体和底泥中多环芳烃残留;采用Kalf风险商值法,进行池塘水体生态风险评价;利用沉积物质量基准法(SQGs)对池塘底泥开展生态风险评价;并用美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型对斑点叉尾鮰食用安全进行健康风险评价。在鱼体、养殖水体、底泥中,16种PAHs总检出率为100%,但致癌性物质苯并[a]芘均未检出,单体Nap、Phe、BaA、Pyr、Chr、Flu、Ace为常见检出物,其中Phe检出率达100%,Nap达到80%以上。结构组成上,鱼体、养殖水体均以2～4环为主要成分,底泥结构较为复杂,以3～4环为优势组分。鱼体中(以湿质量计)总PAHs含量范围在11.75～60.02μg·kg~(-1),对食用斑点叉尾鮰引起的健康风险进行评价,成人的风险范围为2.25×10~(-9)～5.80×10~(-7)a~(-1),致癌风险远小于最大可接受水平,处于致癌风险控制水平。池塘养殖水PAHs含量范围在0.03～0.46μg·L~(-1),总体上生态风险程度为低风险,但单体Nap、Phe及部分池塘中Ace、Pyr及Fla处于中等风险水平,其他单体对生态系统的影响可以忽略。底泥(以干质量计)PAHs含量在24.48～145.04μg·kg~(-1),总体上PAHs对生物毒副作用不显著。