Glycohistochemical characterization of histologically normal nasal mucosa and enzootic nasal tumor of sheep

Objective-To determine glycohistochemical characteristics of enzootic nasal tumors (ENTs) of sheep, compare results for ENT with those of histologically normal nasal mucosa of sheep, and identify the histologic origin of ENT. Sample-ENT and nasal mucosa samples obtained from cadavers of 5 adult Lacaune sheep with ENT and 5 Lacaune sheep unaffected by ENT, respectively. Procedures-Samples of ENT and nasal mucosa were collected from cadavers of sheep and sectioned. Conventional and lectin histochemical analyses were used to identify glycoconjugates in tissue sections on the basis of their principal chemical groups and principal terminal or internal oligosaccharidic glucidic residues, respectively. Results-ENTs had papillary and tubular portions. Cells in the papillary portion of ENTs had secretion and surface glycoconjugates, which included sulfated glycosaminoglycans and neutral and sialilated glycoproteins. Cells in the tubular portion of ENTs had surface glycoconjugates, which included neutral and sialilated glycoproteins. Both portions of ENTs had C(4)-acetylated sialoderivatives that were not detected in sections of histologically normal nasal mucosa. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The papillary portion of ENTs in sheep may originate from respiratory glands and goblet cells. The tubular portion of ENTs in sheep may originate from olfactory glands. Presence of C(4)-acetylated sialoderivatives in cells of ENTs could confer resistance against pathogens to those cells.     

European consensus document on mast cell tumours in dogs and cats

In preparing this document the Authors aimed to pool current information on canine and feline mast cell disease. The information was gathered from international studies and a emphasis was placed on material and opinion with a strong evidence base. We intend it to form the basis of our understanding in this disease at the current time and we anticipate that it will be particularly useful for the general practitioner. It should be emphasized that the authors are presenting this work from a European perspective.     

Comparison of conservative management and juvenile pubic symphysiodesis in the early treatment of canine hip dysplasia.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) in a clinical setting for the early treatment of canine hip dysplasia (CHD), and to identify its indications and contraindications. METHODS: The final degree of CHD using the FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) CHD classification in 5 Grades (A, B, C, D, E) was assessed at skeletal maturity in two homogeneous groups of dogs assessed at the age of 14 to 22 weeks and selected according to their susceptibility to CHD; one group was treated with JPS and one group was conservatively managed. Two hundred seventeen puppies completed the study; 81 were treated with JPS (group 1) and 76 were conservatively managed (group 2). A third group of 60 puppies with normal hips was followed as a negative control group. RESULTS: In group 1, 43.2% of the puppies had regression or a lack of progression of the disease in the final evaluation (Grade A & B), 25.9% had mild CHD (Grade C) and 30.9% had moderate and severe CHD (Grade D & E). In group 2, 23.6% of the puppies did not show any development of the disease (Grade A & B), 21.1% had mild CHD (Grade C) and 55.3% developed moderate to severe CHD (Grade D & E). Further investigation was done by comparing the severity of early signs of susceptibility to CHD with the final FCI Grades at adulthood in both groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The JPS procedure increased the odds of arresting or limiting the progression of CHD in mild to moderate grades of CHD, while it was less effective or ineffective in more severe forms.     

The Bovine Luteal Histological Composition: A Topographic Point of View

High‐yielding dairy cows are struggling with a high incidence of embryonic loss, among others caused by an insufficient peripheral progesterone concentration which for its part might be associated with an impaired luteal progesterone production. This impaired capacity to produce progesterone might be reflected in the histology of the gland. The aim of the present pilot study was the assessment of the variation in cell density within a bovine luteal gland (LG), to examine whether it is possible to analyse histologically the functionality of the gland based on one single tissue sample. Six LGs (stage II or III) were harvested out of just as many healthy cows at the slaughterhouse. The luteal cell density was assessed by calculating the nuclear density (ND) of the different luteal cell types on haematoxylin‐eosin‐stained histological sections from a number of topographic regions evenly spread throughout the glands, to give an overview of the pattern of cellular distribution within the whole gland. Cells were differentiated into ‘large luteal cells’, ‘small luteal cells’ and ‘non‐steroidogenic cells’. Results show that the cellular density, within a tissue sample is not significantly influenced by its location in relation to the gland's equatorial plane. However, the position with respect to the polar axis of the gland has a decisive effect, as the ND is significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the peripheral regions (outer zone) when compared with the central regions (inner zone) of the gland, and this counts for all three cell types.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of a commercial ear antiseptic containing chlorhexidine and Tris–EDTA

Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of a commercial ear antiseptic containing chlorhexidine 0.15% and Tris–EDTA (Otodine^®) were determined by broth microdilution for 150 isolates representing the most common pathogens associated with canine otitis. The microorganisms were classified into three groups according to their levels of susceptibility. The most susceptible group included Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Malassezia pachydermatis, Streptococcus canis and Corynebacterium auriscanis, which were generally killed by 1 : 64 dilution of the antiseptic product (MBC = 23/0.8 μg/mL of chlorhexidine/Tris–EDTA). The most resistant organism was Proteus mirabilis, which survived up to 1 : 8 dilution of the product (MBC = 375/12 μg/mL). Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus displayed intermediate MBCs ranging between 188/6 and 47/1.5 μg/mL. Interestingly, S. pseudintermedius was more susceptible than S. aureus, and no significant difference was observed between meticillin‐resistant and meticillin‐susceptible isolates within each species, indicating that antiseptic use is unlikely to co‐select for meticillin resistance. Although the concentrations required for killing (MBCs) varied considerably with microorganism type, the combination of chlorhexidine 0.15% and Tris–EDTA was active against all the pathogens most commonly involved in canine otitis.     

Post-thaw viability of european bison (Bison bonasus) semen frozen with extenders containing egg yolk or lipids of plant origin and examined with a heterologous in vitro fertilization assay.

Basic characteristics of European bison (Bison bonasus) semen were described and the efficacies of two extenders-Triladyl, containing egg yolk, and a synthetic extender, containing soybean lipids-were tested for semen cryopreservation. Seven ejaculates were collected by electroejaculation from a 10-yr-old, European bison bull. Each ejaculate was diluted at 37 degrees C to a final concentration of 200 x 10(6) sperm/ml with Triladyl or the synthetic extender. Extended semen samples were frozen according to a standard bull semen freezing protocol. After 2 wk of storage, one straw from each extender and ejaculate was thawed, and postthaw quality was evaluated by individual sperm motility and movement rate, numbers of sperm morphologic abnormalities and intact acrosomes, functional integrity of the sperm membranes determined by hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), viability (live-dead, eosin-nigrosin stain), and a heterologous in vitro sperm penetration assay (SPA). A total of 600 in vitro-matured bovine oocytes were inseminated with 1 X 10(6) spermatozoa of Holstein semen frozen-thawed in Triladyl (control) or of European bison semen frozen in Triladyl or the synthetic extender. Nuclear status of the oocytes was determined after 18 h of sperm-oocyte coincubation. Extender had no effect on any evaluated parameters of semen after dilution and cooling (4 hr at 5 degrees C) or in postthaw individual motility, quality of movement, and sperm morphology. However, significantly (P < 0.05) higher numbers of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes, intact membranes (HOST), and viable sperm (P < 0.01) were in semen frozen in Triladyl than in the synthetic extender. Mean values for heterologous SPA for bull (control) and for bison semen frozen in the synthetic extender were very much alike-63.3+/-10.6% and 63.1 +/- 15.9%, respectively; bison semen frozen in Triladyl was lower, 43.0+/-24.2% but not significantly different. Cumulative results from a variety of viability assays of diluted/cooled and frozen-thawed semen, including the heterologous SPA, suggest that European bison semen can be successfully frozen in both extenders tested in this study.     

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of bone marrow lesions in the equine distal tarsus

Three horses with sudden onset severe lameness were admitted for further diagnostic investigation. All horses had variable changes on radiographs in the distal tarsal region. Because of the sudden onset and severe degree of lameness, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was performed. All horses showed areas of increased signal intensity in short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images involving the central and/or third tarsal bones. These lesions involved both the subchondral bone and bone marrow and are currently defined as bone marrow lesions (BML). Two horses were treated with shockwave therapy, one received intra‐articular medication. Two of the horses returned to previous athletic level and one is still in rehabilitation.     

细粒棘球蚴细胞系(13G-5)细胞代谢抗原的免疫原性和反应原性

应用培育成功的人源细粒棘球蚴细胞系(13G-5)细胞的天然代谢抗原,接种昆明小鼠,于接种后第14天给免疫小鼠接种人源细粒棘球蚴原头节约1 000 个,于200 d 剖检观察有无包囊形成,病理切片鉴定;并用该抗原作为诊断抗原,使用间接血凝(IHA)、琼脂扩散(AGD)试验,检测临床确诊的细粒棘球蚴病人血清。以多房棘球蚴病人血清、细颈囊尾蚴羊血清及正常人血清作为对照。结果表明,该抗原能使60% 的小鼠获得完全抵抗细粒棘球蚴原头节攻击的能力,未完全获得保护的小鼠形成包囊的数量、大小较对照组明显减少,且为不育囊;使用该抗原IHA 检测31 份血清,阳性24 份,阳性率77.42% ,AGD检测30 份血清,阳性13 份,阳性率43.33% ,2 种方法对多房棘球蚴病人血清和细颈囊尾蚴羊血清及正常人血清不起反应。