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91.
Grazia Marino Francesca Gaggia Filippo Saiano Bruno Biavati Bruno Marangoni 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(2):195-205
The antimicrobial activity of leaf and callus extracts of Melia azedarach was tested on in vitro shoot cultures of the peach rootstoch ‘MRS 2/5’ (Prunus cerasifera × Prunus spinosa) that were heavily contaminated with Sphingomonas paucimobilis (Sp) and Bacillus circulans (Bc). The extracts were filter-sterilised and added at 0%, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% to a modified Murashige and Skoog proliferation
medium previously autoclave-sterilised. Up to about 17% shoots died with 10–20% extract, except for Sp-contaminated shoots,
whose survival was reduced to 50% after treatment with 20% extract. No shoots died with 1% to 5% supplement. The undiluted
leaf extract showed bactericidal activity on plated Sp and Bc isolates. The homogenates of shoots randomly collected from
treated cultures were processed for bacterial colony counting. Thus the 10% supplement was the best treatment for ridding
Bc-contaminated cultures of bacteria (although 5% had a similar bactericidal effect), and allowing shoot growth and proliferation
comparable to controls at the fifth subculture on a standard medium, while 20% extract was needed to eliminate Sp, and could
induce higher growth and proliferation rates in surviving shoots than in untreated cultures. Callus extract was ineffective.
The bactericidal activity of the leaf extract seemed attributable to a synergistic effect of azadirachtin with other unidentified
compounds present in the extract. 相似文献
92.
Patrizia Di Filippo Carmela Riccardi Donatella Pomata Claudio Gariazzo Francesca Buiarelli 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,211(1-4):231-250
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); their derivatives nitro, and methyl-PAHs; n-alkanes; and organic acids were investigated in the aerosol samples collected during two field campaigns conducted at three sampling stations in an industrialized city in southern Italy. The main sources affecting the atmosphere and its toxicity were investigated by means of the diagnostic ratios of: specific particulate-phase PAHs, marker compounds among nitro-PAHs, alkanes, and acids, the dominant wind direction, daily and seasonal abundance of carcinogenic organic substances. The potential importance of the non-regulated pollutants to assess the air quality was confirmed; in fact the carcinogenic organic compounds showed to have scarce correlation with particulate matter (PM) concentration. An exceptionally high variability of toxic compounds at a daily scale was due to meteorological condition causing periods of extremely high pollution levels. 相似文献
93.
Michela Rigoni Anna Toffan Elisabetta Viale Marzia Mancin Filippo Cilloni Elena Bertoli Angela Salomoni Sabrina Marciano Adelaide Milani Bianca Zecchin Ilaria Capua Giovanni Cattoli 《Veterinary research》2010,41(5)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 and H7 subtype pose a major public health threat due to their capacity to cross the species barrier and infect mammals, for example dogs, cats and humans. In the present study we tested the capacity of selected H7 and H5 HPAI viruses to infect and to be transmitted from infected BALB/c mice to contact sentinels. Previous experiments have shown that viruses belonging to both H5 and H7 subtypes replicate in the respiratory tract and central nervous system of experimentally infected mice. In this study we show that selected H7N1 and H5N1 HPAI viruses can be transmitted from mouse-to-mouse by direct contact, and that in experimentally infected animals they exhibit a different pattern of replication and transmission. Our results can be considered as a starting point for transmission experiments involving other influenza A viruses with α 2-3 receptor affinity in order to better understand the viral factors influencing transmissibility of these viruses in selected mammalian species. 相似文献
94.
95.
Adamo PF Crawford JT Stepien RL 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2005,41(6):400-405
An 8-year-old, spayed female Dalmatian with a history of seizures was evaluated for cervical pain and bilateral scleral hemorrhages. Diagnostic evaluations revealed a mass displacing the ventral brainstem on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The mass was surgically removed and histologically confirmed to be a hematoma. The dog's neurological signs resolved completely after surgery. Although extradural, subdural, subarachnoid, and intraparenchymal hemorrhages have been reported in dogs and cats, this is the first known report of a subdural hematoma of the ventral brainstem in a dog. On the basis of the history and the appearance of the subdural hematoma on MRI, a traumatic event during the seizure episodes was considered the most likely cause of the subdural hematoma in this case. 相似文献
96.
ABSTRACT Contamination of apples (Malus domestica) and derived juices with fungicide residues and patulin produced by Penicillium expansum are major issues of food safety. Biocontrol agents represent an alternative or supplement to chemicals for disease control. Our data show that these microbes could also contribute to actively decreasing patulin accumulation in apples. Three biocontrol agents, Rhodotorula glutinis LS11, Cryptococcus laurentii LS28, and Aureobasidium pullulans LS30, were examined for their in vitro growth in the presence of patulin and for their capability to decrease mycotoxin recovery from the medium. Strain LS11 yielded the highest growth rates and the greatest decrease of toxin recoveries. Further, it caused the appearance of two major spots on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates, suggesting possible metabolization of the mycotoxin. In vivo, i.e., in the low percentage of LS11-pretreated apples infected by P. expansum, patulin accumulation was significantly lower than in nontreated infected fruits. Yeast cells survived and increased in infected apples and, in a model system emulating decaying apple, resulted in accelerated breakdown of patulin and the production of the same TLC spots as those detected in vitro. These data suggest that biocontrol yeast cells surviving in decaying apples could metabolize patulin and/or negatively affect its accumulation or synthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the effect of a biocontrol agent on patulin accumulation in vivo. 相似文献
97.
Adamo FP O'Brien RT 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(8):1211-6, 1196
Use of cyclosporine to treat granulomatous meningoencephalitis in three dogs Three dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalitis were treated with orally administered cyclosporine. In 2 dogs, cyclosporine administration replaced initial corticosteroid administration, and in 1 dog, cyclosporine was the only treatment used. One dog had the focal form of the disease in the brainstem, 1 dog had the focal form in the forebrain associated with a concurrent ocular form, and 1 dog had the disseminated form of disease. At 12-month follow-up, the 2 dogs with the focal form of the disease had no clinical signs. The dog with the disseminated form improved only partially, and euthanasia was performed 3 weeks after initial evaluation. Cyclosporine was considered effective at an initial dosage of 6 mg/kg (2.7 mg/lb) every 12 hours. Adverse effects associated with cyclosporine administration included transient lymphopenia, excessive shedding, and focal symmetric hair discoloration. 相似文献
98.
Evaluation of progesterone and estrogen receptor expression in 15 meningiomas of dogs and cats 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate progesterone and estrogen receptor expression in meningiomas of the CNS in dogs and cats. ANIMAL: 8 dogs (1 of which was treated with gestrinone) and 5 cats with intracranial meningiomas and 2 dogs with spinal cord meningiomas; tissue samples were also obtained from 1 clinically normal dog and 1 clinically normal cat. PROCEDURE: Meningioma tissue was obtained during surgery or at necropsy; samples were processed for histologic classification and immunohistochemical evaluation of the proportion of tumor cells with progesterone and estrogen receptors. Correlation among receptor expression, tumor grade, and histologic subtypes was determined. RESULT: Several histologic subtypes of intracranial meningiomas were detected among tissue samples. In the cats, all intracranial meningiomas were benign. Progesterone receptor immunoreactivity was detected in 14 of 15 meningiomas. Progesterone receptor expression was identified in > 80% of cells in 8 intracranial meningiomas (4 dogs and 4 cats) and 2 spinal cord meningiomas. In samples of malignant transitional and granular cell meningiomas in dogs, progesterone receptors were detected in 32 and 4.8% of cells respectively. In 1 cat, 38% of tumor cells had progesterone receptors. In a dog treated with gestrinone, no progesterone receptors were detected in the intracranial meningioma. Estrogen receptors were only detected in the tumor of 1 dog. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate a high proportion of progesterone receptors in cells of meningiomas of the CNS in dogs and cats. Antiprogesterone treatment may have a role in the treatment of unresectable or recurrent meningiomas in dogs and cats. 相似文献
99.
Filippo Barbanera Oliver R.W. Pergams Giovanni Forcina Fernando Dini 《Biological conservation》2010,143(5):1259-1268
Introduction of wildlife for game restocking is one major pathway of genetic homogenization. The red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa, Phasianidae), a small game bird native to south-western Europe, is in high demand by hunters and natural populations are constantly supplemented by commercial stocks of captive-bred individuals. Also, in recent years human-mediated hybridization with congeneric chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar: Greece, Cyprus, from Middle East to East Asia) has been frequently documented in the wild and in captivity. This study attempts to evaluate the genetic consequences of intensive captive breeding and restocking in the A. rufa species. We investigated A. rufa genetic diversity by making comparisons in both a spatial (across the entire species’ range) and a temporal framework. We accomplished this latter by comparing modern vs. ancient partridges resident in museums and collected 1856-1934, well before supplemental stocking became common. Using mtDNA we found significant changes in the haplotype profile of modern vs. ancient A. rufa, and widespread introgression with chukar genes across the entire species range only in modern representatives, with the relevant exception of Corsican populations. However, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), as opposed to microsatellite DNA markers, showed also modern Corsican populations to harbour many A. rufa × A. chukar hybrids. We conclude that captive breeding programs should make strict use of time-saving and comparatively low cost DNA barcodes to minimize genetic pollution, such as those provided by diagnostic RAPD markers. We also recommend that the active ban on import of exotics and/or hybrids be extended to non-local populations. Altogether this would represent a substantial step forward to preserve A. rufa as well as other game species subjected to similar intensive management. 相似文献
100.
Laviano A Meguid MM Inui A Rossi-Fanelli F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5791):1236-8; author reply 1236-8