Effects of seasonal and environmental changes on aquaculture production in tropical Lake Volta,Ghana

Globally, aquaculture production is faced with numerous challenges, notable among which is water quality. The study determined seasonal environmental changes in Lake Volta and its implications on cage production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in experimental and commercial farm (Sun Woo Farm) set-ups. For each set-up, three cages were used, each measuring 81 and 162.5 m³ for experimental and commercial, respectively. The cages were stocked with 22.5 g fingerlings at a rate of 40 and 80 m^?3 in experimental and commercial cages, respectively, and fed commercial diet. The growth performance, yield, economics, and selected water quality parameters were monitored during the dry and wet seasons between November 2014 and July 2015. There were no differences in water quality parameters between dry and wet seasons (p?>?0.05). Water quality for both seasons remained within limits required for good Tilapia growth in both set-ups. There were minimal variations in growth characteristics between seasons which were not significant; however, final mean weight and yields were high in the dry seasons in both set-ups. The cost of feed and fingerling accounting for about 80% of total costs were the major components identified to affect cost of production. A higher profit index and returns on investment were observed in the dry season in both set-ups and was linked to higher survival rates in the season. Production of Nile tilapia in cages can be cultured throughout the year without any adverse effects as exhibited in similar production patterns in both experimental and commercial set-ups.     

水质及流量对盐碱土滴灌湿润锋运移影响的室内试验研究

采用15°扇柱体有机玻璃土槽，研究了不同水质和滴头流量对盐碱土湿润锋运动的影响。试验所采用水的钠吸附比(SAR)分别为2和20，水的含盐浓度(C)分别为80、20 mmol/L和蒸馏水，滴头流量分别为2、3.4和8 L/h。试验结果表明：不同时间的二维湿润锋边界形状近似半椭圆形；在相同水质情况下，水平湿润距离和垂直湿润距离均随滴头流量的增加而增加；相同灌水量的情况下，滴头流量的增加有利于水分水平方向的发展，不利于垂直方向的发展；用蒸馏水灌溉时，水平湿润距离明显高于其他含盐水灌溉的情况，垂直湿润距离明显小于其他含盐水灌溉的情况；不同浓度含盐水滴灌时对湿润锋的影响不明显；湿润锋的宽深比随着灌溉时间的持续而减小。     

Within-stem variations in mechanical properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melia azedarach</Emphasis> planted in northern Vietnam

Within-stem variations in the mechanical properties of 17–19-year-old Melia azedarach planted in two sites in northern Vietnam were examined by destructive and nondestructive methods. Wood samples were collected from 10, 50, and 90% of the radial length from pith on both sides (North and South) at 0.3, 1.3, 3.3, 5.3, and 7.3 m heights above the ground. The mean values in whole trees of wood density (WD), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and dynamic modulus of elasticity (E_d) at 12% moisture content were 0.51 g/cm³, 78.58 MPa, 9.26 GPa, and 10.93 GPa, respectively. Within the stem, the radial position was a highly (p?<?0.001) significant source of variation in mechanical properties. MOR, MOE, and E_d increased from pith to bark. WD had a strong positive linear relationship with both MOR (r?=?0.85, p?<?0.001) and MOE (r?=?0.73, p?<?0.001). This suggests that it is potentially possible to improve mechanical properties through controlling WD. MOR had also a strong linear relationship with E_d (r?=?0.84, p?<?0.001). This indicates that E_d is a good indicator to predicting the strength of wood if the density of measured element is known. Besides, the stress wave method used in this study provides relatively accurate information for determining the stiffness of Melia azedarach planted in northern Vietnam.     

广西野生动物非法利用和走私的种类初步调查

广西独特的地理位置使得广西成为全国野生动物贸易的集散地之一。为了解广西野生动物的走私种类及其季节性变化,作者统计了广西2007～2008年已破获的非法利用和走私野生动物案件涉及的种类及其季节性变化。结果表明2007和2008年分别查获案件54起和61起。野生动物走私和非法案件中涉及种类共有71种,隶属15目33科,其中两栖类2种,占所有种数的2.8%;爬行类27种（蜥蜴类8种、龟鳖类5种、鳄类1种、蛇类13种）,占38.0%;鸟类25种,占35.2%;哺乳类17种,占23.9%。2007和2008年查获的非法利用和走私野生动物分别是56种和32种,非法利用或走私的种类主要是珍稀濒危的种类,数量大,种类多。广西的野生动物走私和非法利用需要引起关注。     

鲢肌球蛋白热诱导的凝胶化温度

为了研究鲢鱼糜凝胶化温度与肌球蛋白热稳定性的关系,测定经不同凝胶化温度处理的鱼糜凝胶特性,利用浊度法检测鲢肌球蛋白溶液聚集体的形成过程,并采用圆二色谱仪、差式量热扫描仪分别对鲢肌球蛋白溶液的α-helix结构变化和热变性温度进行测定。结果表明,鲢鱼糜的适宜凝胶化温度为40℃,肌球蛋白的聚集速率在39℃、51℃、54℃3个温度点时出现大幅度增加,其中39℃时聚集速率最快;肌球蛋白α-helix在40℃、55℃时大量解旋成无规卷曲结构,40℃时解旋速率最快;肌球蛋白存在两个变性温度43.32℃和51.59℃。鲢鱼糜凝胶化温度与肌球蛋白α-helix的第一个解旋温度和第一个变性峰值温度点相对应,凝胶化温度实质上是肌球蛋白的第一个变性峰值温度点。     

野生大豆（Glycinesoja）HSP的研究──Ⅰ．黄河下游和松花江下游地区野生大豆HSP诱导合成的比较研究

本文对黄河下游地区野生大豆“７５８３”和松花江下游地区野生大豆“０１—３２”的发育胚根（Ｓｅｅｄｌｉｎｇｓ）在４０℃下热击分别为２、４、６、８、１０ｈｒ，比较其热击反应（ＨＳＲ）及其热击蛋白（ＨＳＰ）诱导合成的种类、累积动态。研究结果指出黄河下游地区野生大豆对２ｈｒ热击反应较松花江下游地区野生大豆反应迟钝，热击４ｈｒ前者ＨＳＰ种类倍增，且小分子量ＨＳＰ（ＬＭＷＨＳＰ）显著多于后者。ＨＳＰ累积高峰有别，松花江下游野生大豆早于黄河下游野生大豆４个小时，且ＨＳＰ累积量始终高于后者。研究还发现野生大豆存在干热击蛋白（ＨｅａｔＳｈｏｃｋＣｏｇｎａｔｅＰｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ，ＨＳＣＰ）。     

Neutral models for testing landscape hypotheses

Neutral landscape models were originally developed to test the hypothesis that human-induced fragmentation produces patterns distinctly different from those associated with random processes. Other uses for neutral models have become apparent, including the development and testing of landscape metrics to characterize landscape pattern. Although metric development proved to be significant, the focus on metrics obscured the need for iterative hypothesis testing fundamental to the advancement of the discipline. We present here an example of an alternative neutral model and hypothesis designed to relate the process of landscape change to observed landscape patterns. The methods and program, QRULE, are described and options for statistical testing outlined. The results show that human fragmentation of landscapes results in a non-random association of land-cover types that can be describe by simple statistical methods. Options for additional landscape studies are discussed and access to QRULE described in the hope that these methods will be employed to advance our understanding of the processes that affect the structure and function in human dominated landscapes.     

绿原酸提取物的抗氧化活性协同增效作用

以蒲公英和葵花籽粕绿原酸提取物为试材,采用FRAP亚铁离子还原能力为考察指标,研究了蒲公英和葵花籽粕来源的绿原酸提取物对抗氧化活性的影响因素,以抗氧化活性的半抑制浓度IC50为复配依据,评价蒲公英绿原酸与葵花籽粕复配品的抗氧化协同增效作用,以期为开发绿色高效的天然抗氧化剂提供参考依据.结果表明:反应体系在pH为4.0、37℃条件下,蒲公英和葵花籽粕绿原酸对FRAP亚铁离子还原能力达到最高,分别为1.11、1.09.蒲公英绿原酸可提高葵花籽粕复配品对FRAP亚铁离子的还原能力,具有抗氧化协同增效作用.     

引种越桔果实中维生素E,SOD,氨基酸及无机元素含量

对从国外引种栽培的１０个越桔优良品种果实的成分分析表明，越桔果实中维生素Ｅ含量和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性较高，分别在２．７～９．５μｇ／ｇ和（５．３９～５５．３９）×１６．６７×１０－９ｍｏｌ／ｓ；果实中无机元素Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｐ、Ｚｎ含量较丰富；果实中含有１５种氨基酸，总氨基酸含量在１．０８５％～２．５４９％之间。不同品种之间，果实中营养成分含量差异较大。综合评价认为，越桔果实为一优良的名优稀特果品。     

甘蓝型波里马不育胞质向南方白菜型油菜转育及育性变化

白菜型油菜品种、自交系与甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育系杂交、回交至ＢＣ２Ｆ１，再用南方白菜型油菜自交系与ＢＣ２Ｆ１测交，花期研究测交后代育性变化规律及定株定时观察白菜型波里马细胞质雄性不育材料与２９Ａ、广丰Ａ、阿油Ａ三种白菜型细胞质雄性不育材料育性变化情况．结果表明，在２６个测交后代中，雄性不育的占２３．１％，恢复可育的占７．７％，介于两者之间或育性分离的占６９．２％．在南方白莱型油菜中发现能完全恢复育性的自交系。白菜型波里马细胞质雄性不育材料的不育性较其他三种不育材料稳定．可为油蔬两用的南方白菜型油菜杂种优势利用提供新的不育源。