三叶鬼针草水提液对蒲公英种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

以蒲公英试材,采用培养皿法和水培法,研究了入侵植物三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)水提液对蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum)种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明:不同浓度的三叶鬼针草水提液处理均降低了蒲公英种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,抑制了蒲公英幼苗的根长、苗高和叶宽生长,增加了丙二醛含量及相对电导率。说明入侵植物三叶鬼针草水提液对蒲公英有较强化感作用,使蒲公英种子萌发及幼苗生长受到抑制。     

Effect of atorvastatin on TRPC5 expression in atherosclerosis of apolipoprotein E-knockout mice

AIM: To observe the changes of transient receptor potential channel 5 (TRPC5) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE^-/-) mice and the effect of atorvastatin interference, and to investigate the mechanism of atorvastatin therapy. METHODS: Male ApoE^-/- mice at 6 weeks of age were used to establish the atherosclerosis model by feeding with hyperlipidic diet. The mice were randomly divided into model group and atorvastatin group. The mice in atorvastatin group were lavaged with atorvastatin at 20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1, while the mice in model group received normal saline. The healthy C57BL/6J mice with the same age and the same genetic background, feeding with ordinary food, served as control group. At the time points of 14 and 24 weeks, the mice were sacrificed. The serum was collected for detecting the lipid levels. The aortic roots of the heart were taken to make paraffin sections with HE staining for measuring and comparing the relative atherosclerotic plaque area in each section. The expression of TRPC5 in VSMCs was examined with immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA levels of TRPC5 in the serum and the thoracoabdominal aorta were measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Compared with model group, blood lipids in atorvastatin group were significantly decreased, and the formation of plaque under aorta intima also decreased. The protein expression of TRPC5 in atorvastatin group decreased significantly compared with model group. Compared with 20-week model group, TRPC5 in 30-week model group showed increasing tendency, but has no statistical significance. Compared with 20-week atorvastatin group, TRPC5 of 30-week atorvastatin group declined. CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin suppresses TRPC5 expression, thus attenuating atherosclerotic development in ApoE^-/- mice.     

Cx43 is involved in electrical remodeling of atrial myocytes through regulating L-type calcium current

AIM: To investigate whether the association of connexin 43(Cx43) and L-type calcium channel involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: The biochemical assays and whole-cell patch-clamp technique were used to study the expression of Cx43 in human atrial tissue. The co-localization of Cx43 and L -type calcium channel, and the regulation of L-type calcium current in atrial myocytes were investigated. RESULTS: The expression of Cx43 at mRNA and protein levels was decreased in human atrial tissues of AF patients. In cultured atrium-derived myocytes (HL-1 cells), knockdown of Cx43 significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of L-type calcium channel α1c subunit, as well as L-type calcium current. Co-localization of Cx43 with L-type calcium channel α1c subunit in mouse atrial myocytes was observed. CONCLUSION: The decrease in Cx43 is involved in the pathogenesis of AF, probably through reducing the L-type calcium current in atrial myoctyes by co-localization with L-type calcium channel, thus representing the potential pathogenesis in atrial fibrillation.     

大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种侵染大豆根系诱导表达的cDNA分析

大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines Ichinohe；Soybean Cyst Nematode，SCN)是一种土传的专性内寄生线虫。SCN的二龄幼虫侵入到大豆幼嫩的根组织中，导致大豆根内的细胞变形并与之形成“合胞体”。合胞体在形态上和生理上的变化是SCN直接诱导大豆基因表达的结果。本研究以高抗SCN的灰布支黑豆为材料，用大豆孢囊线虫二龄幼虫直接接种大豆的根系，应用DDRT—PCR技术及RDB(Reversedot—blotting)杂交鉴定，获得6个阳性cDNA克隆，分别是SCN侵染后5天的A32克隆(GenBank登录号为B1173978)；侵染后10天的B12克隆(GenBank登录号为B1173979)、B71克隆(GenBank登录号为B1173980)；侵染后15天的Cll克隆(GenBank登录号为B1173981)、CPl2(GenBank登录号为B1173982)克隆和CP32克隆(GenBank登录号为B1173983)。序列的同源比较表明，6个cDNA均与Shoemaker构建的大豆基因表达库中的cDNA序列有非常高的同源性，证明这些cDNA是大豆基因表达的产物。其中A32克隆的序列与控制拟南芥下胚轴生长的MYB转录因子、营养元素缺失诱导的番茄根的表达文库中的一个cDNA及番茄抗假单胞杆菌表达文库中的一个cDNA有较高的同源性。     

贮存温度对罗汉果浓缩汁稳定性的影响

将罗汉果浓缩汁在室温、冷藏、冷冻3个温区贮存180d,定期测定其生化成分的变化。结果表明,3个处理对罗汉果浓缩汁的pH值、吸光值、罗汉果甙V等指标均无明显变化。但在室温贮存条件下,从第60天开始,浓缩汁的微生物(细菌)开始生长,后期大量繁殖,导致可溶性蛋白增多,影响感官品质的变化,对产品贮存不利,而冷藏和冷冻贮存对产品品质的影响较小。     

河西地区沙产业可持续发展刍议

通过对河西走廊荒漠化现状的分析评价,从河西地区的资源与区位优势、水土资源条件、农林牧业发展状况、产业结构布局等方面,分析了河西地区沙产业发展的必要性和现实意义。提出了河西地区沙产业发展的方向是:以水资源的持续、合理利用为目标,农林牧、粮经草全面、协调发展,发展生态产业,培育产业经济带,延伸产业链,形成结构合理的沙产业发展格局。引进节水、高效的植物种、品种和优良家畜,发展苜蓿草产业、麻黄、甘草、黄芪等中药产业、肉羊和肉牛等暖棚式舍饲畜产业、棉花和马铃薯产业、酿造葡萄产业和日光温室蔬菜、花卉产业等,构建河西走廊复合的农林牧生产系统,促进荒漠绿洲沙产业的持续发展。     

国家热带农业科学数据中心建设探讨

热带农业是国家农业的重要组成部分,建立国家热带农业科学数据中心对于促进热带地区农业科研的发展具有重要意义。论述了国家热带农业科学数据中心建立的意义、目的及实现的功能,探讨了国家热带农业科学数据中心的建立和要实现的建设目标。     

Aspergillus carneus M34聚木糖酶与植酸酶同步生产的评估及聚木糖酶最适化生产

半纤维素为自然界中仅次于纤维素的木质纤维素,而聚木糖为农业废弃物中最主要的半纤维素成分,与聚木糖降解有关的酵素总称为聚木糖酶群(xylanolyticenzymes)(Collinsetal.,2005)。植酸(phyticacid)广泛存在于自然界中,植物中的含磷化合物多以此形式存在(Cosgrove,1966),植酸酶(phytase)能将植酸分解成肌醇、肌醇磷酸及无机磷。利用培养条件探讨了同步提升聚木糖酶(xylanase)与植酸酶(phytase)活性的可行性,并以茭白笋壳中获得的半纤维素为碳源,利用反应曲面法进行聚木糖酶的最适化生产。以期了解AspergilluscarneusM34之聚木糖酶与植酸酶2种酵素的生产关系,并对农业废弃物的再利用有所贡献。依据磷源、碳源与实验设计之结果,显示聚木糖酶及植酸酶,在因子种类的选择以及阶层的调整时,无法由同一个因子的改变而达到活性同步提升之目的。中心混成实验所得到的数学模式,平稳点的形式为鞍点,预估的聚木糖酶活性为11.66U/mL;而在聚木糖酶最适化生产上,当碳源为1.5%茭白笋壳半纤维素,氮源为0.8%酵母萃取物与0.4%氯化铵,起始pH值为7.00,于30℃培养5d后,可获得的最大酵素活性为(27.31±1.14)U/mL。     

利用双杂合位点标记资料构建芒果遗传图谱

为了建立芒果 (MangiferaindicaL )的分子标记遗传图 ,用 15对AFLP (AmplifiedFragmentLengthPolymorphism)引物组合扩增了芒果品种间杂交组合 (Keitt×Tommy Atkins)的 6 0个F1单株 ,获得了 191个多态性位点。它们的分离表现为双杂合 (Aa×Aa)和测交 (Aa×aa)分离两种类型 ,但前者占了 5 9 7%。为了充分利用双杂合位点分离所提供的遗传信息 ,我们根据群体中任意两个双杂合位点隐性个体出现的数目 ,利用二项式分布概率理论推断它们是否连锁以及它们彼此间的相引或相斥关系。在该芒果群体呈 3:1分离的 81个多态性标记中 ,39个被分为 14组 ,以此为基础构建了 15个连锁群 ;这些连锁群共覆盖了 35 4 1cM的芒果基因组。其中 ,最小与最大遗传距离分别为 3 7cM和 2 8 9cM。此外 ,对 18个 1∶1分离类型的标记 ,直接利用Mapmaker作图软件构建了两个芒果连锁群。本文对所提出的利用双杂合位点构建果树遗传图谱的策略进行了讨论。     

何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的超声提取工艺研究

何首乌中的二苯乙烯苷成分具有明显的抗衰老、降低胆固醇和保肝作用。利用超声波技术提取制首乌中的二苯乙烯苷,可提高二苯乙烯苷成分的提取效率。通过单因素和正交试验,探讨工艺条件对超声提取二苯乙烯苷的影响。结果表明,超声波提取二苯乙烯苷的较佳工艺条件为:制首乌粉末粒度80目、提取溶剂为体积分数90%的乙醇、料液比为(质量∶体积)1∶60、提取时间为7min。