Bleeding disorder (von Willebrand disease) in a quarter horse

Bleeding diathesis in a Quarter Horse filly was caused by von Willebrand disease. Hemorrhage occurred mainly from mucosal surfaces and after trauma. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) documented a specific deficiency of vWF high molecular weight multimers, and concurrently greater than expected deficiency of vWF activity relative to vWF concentration. These findings are characteristic of type-II von Willebrand disease in human beings. Application of vWF assays used in human and small animal medicine now permits evaluation of vWF and diagnosis of von Willebrand disease in horses with bleeding disorders.     

THE PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. XXXI. THE ROLE OF LECTINS

Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris) seedlings, grown hydroponically, exhibited significantly greater increases in height and weight in medium containing α-mannoside supplemented with calcium and manganese salts, than in control treatments lacking one or more of those components. Furthermore, seeds sown on medium containing α-mannoside plus Ca²⁺and Mn²⁺showed accelerated germination. Calcium and manganese are necessary to maintain the protein conformation of mannose-binding lectins. In the presence of those cations, glycosides displace specific sugars bound to lectins, making them available to support plant growth.     

韭菜花芽分化过程及解剖学特征研究

为明确韭菜花芽的分化过程及内部结构特征,掌握不同类型韭菜的生殖生长周期,选用深休眠韭菜品种‘平韭2号’、浅休眠韭菜品种‘四季青’和‘薹韭’的三年生植株为试验材料,采用石蜡切片技术,观察韭菜茎尖生长点的变化。结果表明：可将韭菜花芽的分化过程分为4个时期——花芽未分化期、总苞和花序原基分化期、小花原基分化期与花部原基分化期。在统一的栽培条件下,韭菜品种不同,启动花芽分化的日期也不同。浅休眠品种‘四季青’比深休眠品种‘平韭2号’早约28 d,而同为浅休眠类型的‘薹韭’则比‘平韭2号’早约62 d。另外,花芽分化过程中各时期的持续时间在不同品种之间也表现出一定差异。     

THE PATH OF CARBON IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. XXVI. UPTAKE AND TRANSPORT OF METHYLGLUCOPYRANOSIDE THROUGHOUT PLANTS

¹⁴Carbon methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (¹⁴C-MeG) was applied to roots and shoots of Beta vulgaris L. and the label was tracked as it was transported and assimilated, primarily as a plant nutrient. Foliar application resulted in 6.7% of the ¹⁴C-MeG absorbed within 15 min of the solution drying into leaves. Roots in liquid medium with dissolved ¹⁴C-MeG absorbed approximately 97% of the ¹⁴C-label in 22 h. Whether fed in the light or dark, 40% of the ¹⁴C-MeG that was applied appeared in the cellulose fraction, incorporated completely intact. Rapid incorporation of ¹⁴C-MeG into the insoluble fraction with few ¹⁴C-labeled metabolites found in the soluble fraction were observed. In contrast to roots, a higher percentage of ¹⁴C-MeG was incorporated into starch and lipids of shoots.     

Vancomycin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal and enterococcal infections in 15 horses

We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 15 foals and adult horses in which vancomycin was used, alone or in combination with an aminoglycoside, to treat methicillin-resistant staphylococcal and enterococcal infections. Signalment, presenting complaint, history (including history of treatment for the current complaint), results of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, treatment, and outcome were reviewed. The average vancomycin dosage was 7.5 mg/kg q8h, administered by intravenous infusion over 30 min. The infection resolved in all 7 horses with soft tissue infections and in 6 of the 8 horses with infections involving a bone or a joint, or both. No adverse effects of vancomycin therapy were noted. Although the number of cases is small, our findings suggest that vancomycin, alone or in combination with an aminoglycoside, is safe and effective for the treatment of resistant staphylococcal and enterococcal infections in horses and foals. However, owing to the importance of staphylococci and enterococci in human medicine and the problems with emerging resistance, we recommend that the use of vancomycin in horses be limited to cases in which culture and susceptibility results clearly indicate that this agent is likely to be effective and in which there is no reasonable alternative.     

改进PSO算法在电力系统无功优化中的应用

介绍一种改进粒子群的无功优化方法。采用简化粒子群优化方程和添加极值扰动算子两种策略加以改进,提出简化粒子群优化（SPSO）算法、带极值扰动粒子群优化（DPSO）算法,并将二者结合起来提出带极值扰动的简化粒子群优化（DSPSO）算法。以IEEE6节点系统为例进行无功优化计算,并与其他算法进行比较,结果表明：该算法具有较快的收敛速度及较强的全局搜索能力,可较好地解决电力系统的无功优化问题。