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341.
Dias ES Regina-Silva S França-Silva JC Paz GF Michalsky EM Araújo SC Valadão JL de Oliveira Lara-Silva F de Oliveira FS Pacheco RS Fortes-Dias CL 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,176(2-3):101-111
The present study was developed in the urban area of Paracatu, an endemic city for the American visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. A six-month canine survey was performed with 6295 domiciled dogs in 28 districts in that area and showed that 4.2% of those (267 dogs) were positive for VL by ELISA and IFAT serum assays. Prevalence ratios for canine VL varied between 1.2% and 16.1%, depending on the district under investigation. Fifteen dogs - 80% of which were clinically asymptomatic for VL - were submitted to a more detailed study that comprised direct parasitological examination and Leishmania kDNA amplification of tissue samples as well as two PCR-RFLP methods using myelocultures. Leishmania amastigotes or Leishmania DNA were detected in all dogs but one. The infecting species of Leishmania was identified in about 50% (7/15) of the sample dogs: Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in two of them and, unexpectedly, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the remaining five. Three months after the end of confiscation and elimination of the VL-seropositive dogs in the 28 districts of Paracatu, a systematic entomological survey was performed in five of them. Six hundred and sixty five (665) phlebotomine sand flies were captured in total, from which 89.5% were identified as Lutzomyia longipalpis. The population density of that species increased during the rainy season. Other thirteen (13) species of phlebotomine sand flies were captured at varying percentages from 0.2 to 5.0%. It is worth noting that L. longipalpis females were predominantely intradomicile when compared to males, suggesting that the VL transmission cycle in Paracatu may be occurring inside home. 相似文献
342.
Erika Tobiašová 《Soil & Tillage Research》2011,114(2):183-192
In this study, the soil structure of two soils (Haplic Chernozem and Eutric Fluvisol) of different land uses (forest, meadow, urban and agro-ecosystem – consisted of four crop rotations) in Slovakia was compared. The soil aggregate stability was determined with a dependence on the chemical composition of plant residues. The quantity and quality of the organic matter was assessed through the parameters of the C and N in size fractions of dry-sieved and water-resistant aggregates. The soil structure of the forest ecosystem was evaluated as the best of all of forms of land use. Differences in the soil structure under the grass vegetation of a meadow (natural conditions) and urban ecosystem were also recorded. The agro-ecosystem was characterised by a higher portion (55.95%) of the most valuable (agronomically) water-resistant aggregate size fraction of 0.5–3 mm. Values of the carbon management index showed that the larger water-resistant aggregates were, the greater were the changes in the organic matter (r = ?0.680, P < 0.05). In addition, a smaller content of dry-sieved aggregates of the 3–5 mm size fraction was observed with higher contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) (r = ?0.728, P < 0.05) and labile carbon (CL) (r = ?0.760, P < 0.05); there were also greater changes in the soil organic matter and vice versa, higher contents of SOC (r = 0.744, P < 0.05) and CL (r = 0.806, P < 0.05) greater contents of dry-sieved aggregates of size fraction 0.5–1 mm. The soil structure of agro-ecosystem was superior at a higher content of cellulose (r = ?0.712, P < 0.05) in the plant residues. The higher content of cellulose and hemicellulose in the plant residue of a previous crop was reflected in a smaller CL content in the water-resistant aggregates (r = ?0.984, P < 0.05). A correlation was observed between a high content of lignin in the plant residue and a smaller SOC content in the water-resistant aggregates (r = ?0.967, P < 0.05). Lastly, a higher content of proteins in the plant residues (r = 0.744, P < 0.05) supported a greater content of dry-sieved aggregates of the 0.5–1 mm size fraction. 相似文献
343.
Meler EN Scott-Moncrieff JC Peter AT Bennett S Ramos-Vara J Salisbury SK Naughton JF 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(6):473-478
A 15-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for 1-year duration of cyclic intermittent estrous behavior. Diagnostic testing performed before referral, including baseline progesterone concentration, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone stimulation test and surgical exploratory laparotomy, had remained inconclusive for a remnant ovary. Evaluation of sex hormones before and after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration revealed increased basal concentrations of androstenedione, estradiol, progesterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and normal ACTH-stimulated hormone concentrations. Enlargement of the right adrenal gland was identified by abdominal ultrasound. The cat underwent an adrenalectomy and histopathology of the excised adrenal gland was consistent with an adrenocortical carcinoma. Clinical signs resolved immediately following surgery, and most hormone concentrations declined to within or below the reference interval (RI) by 2 months after surgery. 相似文献
344.
345.
Marcos H. Soares Gustavo A. Rodrigues Lívia M. R. Barbosa Dante T. Valente Júnior Felipe C. Santos Gabriel C. Rocha Paulo H. R. F. Campos Alysson Saraiva 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
To evaluate the effects of crude protein (CP) and lactose (LAC) for weaned piglets on performance, intestinal morphology, and expression of genes related to intestinal integrity and immune system, 144 piglets with initial weight 7.17 ± 0.97 kg were allotted in a randomized design, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (20.0% and 24.0% CP and 8.0%, 12.0%, and 16.0% LAC) with eight replicates. Piglets fed 20.0% CP had greater weight gain and feed intake. Including 12.0% LAC in the 20.0% CP diet provided higher villous height in the duodenum than 8.0% LAC, and 12.0% or 16.0% LAC in the 24.0% CP diet resulted in higher villous height in the jejunum and ileum, and higher villi/crypt ratio in the ileum than 8.0% LAC. No effects of CP and LAC on interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α mRNA were observed. The 16.0% LAC diet provided higher gene expression of transforming‐β1 growth factor. Feeding 20.0% CP resulted in better performance than 24.0% CP. The 12.0% LAC diet promoted greater genetic expression of occludin and zonula occludens. Including 12.0% LAC in the diet may improve intestinal epithelial morphology and integrity, and these improvements are more evident when piglets are fed diets with 24.0% CP. 相似文献
346.
Andrea Egizi Leslie Bulaga‐Seraphin Erika Alt Waheed I. Bajwa Joshua Bernick Matthew Bickerton Scott R. Campbell Neeta Connally Kandai Doi Richard C. Falco David N. Gaines Telleasha L. Greay Vanessa L. Harper Allen C.G. Heath Ju Jiang Terry A. Klein Lauren Maestas Thomas N. Mather James L. Occi Charlotte L. Oskam Jennifer Pendleton Marissa Teator Alec T. Thompson Danielle M. Tufts Rika Umemiya‐Shirafuji Meredith C. VanAcker Michael J. Yabsley Dina M. Fonseca 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(6):637-650
Established populations of Asian longhorned ticks (ALT), Haemaphysalis longicornis, were first identified in the United States (US) in 2017 by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) ‘barcoding’ locus followed by morphological confirmation. Subsequent investigations detected ALT infestations in 12, mostly eastern, US states. To gain information on the origin and spread of US ALT, we (1) sequenced cox1 from ALT populations across 9 US states and (2) obtained cox1 sequences from potential source populations [China, Japan and Republic of Korea (ROK) as well as Australia, New Zealand and the Kingdom of Tonga (KOT)] both by sequencing and by downloading publicly available sequences in NCBI GenBank. Additionally, we conducted epidemiological investigations of properties near its initial detection locale in Hunterdon County, NJ, as well as a broader risk analysis for importation of ectoparasites into the area. In eastern Asian populations (China/Japan/ROK), we detected 35 cox1 haplotypes that neatly clustered into two clades with known bisexual versus parthenogenetic phenotypes. In Australia/New Zealand/KOT, we detected 10 cox1 haplotypes all falling within the parthenogenetic cluster. In the United States, we detected three differentially distributed cox1 haplotypes from the parthenogenetic cluster, supporting phenotypic evidence that US ALT are parthenogenetic. While none of the source populations examined had all three US cox1 haplotypes, a phylogeographic network analysis supports a northeast Asian source for the US populations. Within the United States, epidemiological investigations indicate ALT can be moved long distances by human transport of animals, such as horses and dogs, with smaller scale movements on wildlife. These results have relevant implications for efforts aimed at minimizing the spread of ALT in the United States and preventing additional exotic tick introductions. 相似文献
347.
Debasis MITRA Sergio DE LOS SANTOS-VILLALOBOS Fannie Isela PARRA-COTA Ana Mara Garcia MONTELONGO Erika Lorena BLANCO Vanessa L. LIRA Adeyemi N. OLATUNBOSUN Bahman KHOSHRU Rittick MONDAL Parameswaran CHIDAMBARANATHAN Periyasamy PANNEERSELVAM Pradeep K. DAS MOHAPATRA 《土壤圈》2023,33(2):268-286
Various microorganisms live in association with different parts of plants and can be harmful, neutral, or beneficial to plant health. Some microbial inhabitants of plants can control plant diseases by contesting with, predating on, or antagonizing plant pathogens and by inducing systems for plant defense. A range of methods, including plant growth-promoting microorganisms(PGPMs) as biological control agents(BCAs)(BCA-PGPMs) are used for the biological management and control of plant pathogens. S... 相似文献
348.
Erika Hussar Sean Richards Zhi-Qing Lin Robert P. Dixon Kevin A. Johnson 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(9):5535-5548
South Chattanooga has been home to foundries, coke furnaces, chemical, wood preserving, tanning, and textile plants for over 100?years. Most of the industries were in place before any significant development of residential property in the area. During the 1950s and 1960s, however, the government purchased inexpensive property and constructed public housing projects in South Chattanooga. Many neighborhoods that surround the Chattanooga Creek were previous dumping grounds for industry. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprised the largest component of the dumping and airborne industrial emissions. To address human exposure to these PAHs, a broad study of South Chattanooga soil contaminant concentrations was conducted on 20 sites across the city. Sixteen priority pollutant PAHs were quantified at two depths (0?C10 and 10?C20?cm) and compared against reference site soils, as well as to soils from industrially impacted areas in Germany, China, and the USA. From these data, the probability that people would encounter levels exceeding the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) residential preliminary remediation goals (PRG) was calculated. Results indicate that South Chattanooga soils have relatively high concentrations of total PAHs, specifically benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). These high concentrations of B[a]P were somewhat ubiquitous in South Chattanooga. Indeed, there is a high probability (88?%) of encountering soil in South Chattanooga that exceeds the USEPA PRG for B[a]P. However, there is a low probability (15?%) of encountering a site with ??PAHs exceeding USEPA PRG guidelines. 相似文献
349.
C.S. Dannhauser R.H. Drewes Erika A. van Zyl Christa J. van Rooyen 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(3):179-183
The production and quality of different fodder sorghum and Babala cultivars in the western Transvaal. A number of sorghum cultivars are available commercially, and periodically some cultivars are added while others are withdrawn from the market. The potential yield figures and the nutritive value of these sorghums are generally not known. Owing to erratic availability of seed, only seven cultivars could be established for three consecutive years, while eleven were included in the experiment for at least one year. Babala (SA common) was used as a control, while one imported Babala cultivar (Hypearl) was evaluated for one year. Yields varied so much over the experimental period that no cultivar could be singled out as the highest yielder. Of the seven cultivars grown for three years, the dry matter (DM) yields were ranked in the following order of magnitude: PNR 989, Domor, Babala (SA common), Supergraze, Gotcha, Mixed sorghum and PNR 841. In terms of leaf production, the highest to the lowest yielding cultivars were the following: Babala (SA common), PNR 841, Mixed sorghum, Supergraze, PNR 989, Gotcha and Domor. In vitro dry matter digestibility and crude protein content showed little variation between cultivars. 相似文献
350.
Erika R. Mueller 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2001,11(3):191-198
Objective: To review the current recommendations and guidelines for mechanical ventilation in humans and in animals with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Human data synthesis: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in humans in defined as an acute onset of bilateral, diffuse infiltrates on thoracic radiographs that are not the result of heart disease and a significant oxygenation impairment. These patients require mechanical ventilation. Research has shown that further pulmonary damage can occur as a result of mechanical ventilation. Various alveolar recruitment maneuvers and a low tidal volume with increased positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) have been associated with an increased survival.
Veterinary dat synthesis: Two veterinary reports have characterized ARDS in dogs using human criteria. There are no prospective veterinary studies using recruitment that ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) occurs in dogs, sheep, and rats.
Conclusion: Recruitment maneuvers in conjunction with low tidal volumes and PEEP keep the alveoli open for gas exchange and decrease VILI. Prospective veterinary research in needed to determine if these maneuvers and recommendation can be applied to veterinary patients. 相似文献
Human data synthesis: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in humans in defined as an acute onset of bilateral, diffuse infiltrates on thoracic radiographs that are not the result of heart disease and a significant oxygenation impairment. These patients require mechanical ventilation. Research has shown that further pulmonary damage can occur as a result of mechanical ventilation. Various alveolar recruitment maneuvers and a low tidal volume with increased positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) have been associated with an increased survival.
Veterinary dat synthesis: Two veterinary reports have characterized ARDS in dogs using human criteria. There are no prospective veterinary studies using recruitment that ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) occurs in dogs, sheep, and rats.
Conclusion: Recruitment maneuvers in conjunction with low tidal volumes and PEEP keep the alveoli open for gas exchange and decrease VILI. Prospective veterinary research in needed to determine if these maneuvers and recommendation can be applied to veterinary patients. 相似文献