十二个李品种的花粉形态的研究

应用电子扫描显微镜,对12个李品种的花粉进行了形态观察.结果表明:12个品种的花粉均属于中等大小的花粉(25～50 μm),花粉粒两端均为圆弧状.一些李品种的花粉外部形态差异明显,赤道面观分别呈长球形和扁球形之分,扁球形花粉的萌发孔在赤道面凸出角端;极面观有三裂片圆形和三角形之分;均具三孔沟,外壁纹饰均为条纹孔穴型,具平行分叉条纹或平行条纹呈皱波状,脊表面有或少或多的孔穴.不同李品种在花粉粒大小、萌发孔、形态上均表现一定的差异性,对于李品种的区分、引种、选育和生产实践中具有一定的参考和应用价值.     

马铃薯干物质积累及氮、磷、钾营养特征研究

研究马铃薯会-2的干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分的吸收、积累和分配特征,结果表明,会-2叶片对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率与干物质积累速率的变化同步,呈双峰曲线变化,分别在现蕾期和终花期间出现峰值;块茎干物质积累及养分吸收速率呈单峰曲线,块茎干物质主要在盛花期至茎叶枯萎期形成,该期也是块茎养分积累的主要时期;终花期以前,干物质及养分主要分配在地上部分,终花期以后,主要分配在块茎中;会-2对氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)的吸收比例为1∶0.140∶1.919;生产500kg块茎,需吸收N2.756kg,P2O50.310kg,K2O4.256kg。     

Effects of USP9X down-regulation on apoptosis and invasion ability of gastric carcinoma AGS cells

AIM: To investigate the effects of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked (USP9X) down-regulation on apoptosis and invasion ability in gastric carcinoma cells, and to explore its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS: USP9X small interfering RNA (siRNA) and control siRNA were used to be transfected into gastric carcinoma AGS cells. The cells were divided into 3 groups, including untreated AGS group, control siRNA group and USP9X siRNA group. The expression of USP9X at mRNA and protein levels in the AGS cells with different treatments was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry and Boyden chamber were employed to examine the apoptosis and invasion ability of the AGS cells. RESULTS: USP9X siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression of USP9X at mRNA and protein levels in the AGS cells. Down-regulation of USP9X markedly induced apoptosis and reduced invasion ability of the gastric carcinoma AGS cells. Notably, down-regulation of USP9X significantly reduced the protein expression of Mcl-1 and MMP-2, but markedly increased the protein level of Bax. CONCLUSION: USP9X may be a key regulator for apoptosis and invasion in gastric carcinoma.     

基质和赤霉素对珍稀濒危植物四川牡丹种子萌发的影响

以2014年和2016年四川牡丹种子为试材,采用方差分析法,研究了基质和赤霉素(GA_3)处理对种子生根的影响及GA_3处理对种子发芽的影响,以期探索四川牡丹种子萌发特性。结果表明:对于生根率和发芽率,2016年种子比2014年种子高,具有强的生活力。对于种子生根,草炭土生根时间短于沙土,生根率以及不同根长百分比显著高于沙土;GA_3处理虽缩短种子生根时间,但显著降低生根率,增大霉烂率;未经GA_3处理的种子,播于草炭土中生根率最高(90.38%)。对于种子发芽,GA_3处理显著缩短初萌期,根长显著影响发芽率;当根长30mm时,用100mg·L~(-1) GA_3处理,初萌期较短(70d),发芽指数较高(0.203),发芽率最高(81.25%)。四川牡丹种子萌发优化条件为,在20℃恒温条件下,采集当年生的种子播于草炭土中,待主根长度生长到30mm时,用100mg·L~(-1) GA_3处理12h,转入4℃低温下发芽。四川牡丹种子萌发困难是其濒危的主要原因,该试验为珍稀濒危物种四川牡丹的繁育和救护提供参考依据。     

银杏古树不同产地和家系子代生长及叶片药用成分含量的差异

以4个产地24株银杏古树家系的实生苗为试材,采用单因素完全随机设计于云南同一立地条件下培育,研究不同产地及家系间子代的生长指标及叶片药用成分的差异。结果表明:苗龄0.6年时,不同产地间,平均叶面积、叶片数、叶片厚、地径和苗高分别为17.52~20.17cm2、5.6~8.4片·株-1、0.21~0.24mm,0.42~0.52cm和9.69~13.17cm,除叶片厚无显著差异(P0.05)外,其它指标间均具有显著或极显著差异(P0.05或P0.01);家系间,以上5个指标分别为11.12~27.41cm2、4.3~12.5片·株-1、0.15~0.29mm、0.29~0.56cm和6.18~13.65cm,家系间5个指标均呈极显著差异(P0.01)。同龄苗木的家系折干黄酮和内酯含量分别为1.49%~1.91%和0.48%~0.84%,24株家系中,黄酮和内酯含量相对较高的优良家系分别有8株和4株,二者含量较高的优良家系仅1株。银杏叶片内黄酮及内酯含量与生长指标间呈现未达显著水平的负相关。药用为主的银杏叶用人工原料林培育的良种选育应采用产地-家系-单株的联合选育模式。     

博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标及抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫指标及抗氧化指标的影响,选择120头35日龄的健康杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体重相近、性别比例相同原则随机分成2组,每组5个重复,每个重复12头猪,预饲期5 d,试验期30 d,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加0.1%博落回提取物的基础日粮。试验期间,测定每组仔猪的平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）及料重比（F/G）;在试验结束时,每个重复选取2头仔猪采血测定血清免疫指标及抗氧化指标。结果显示：①添加博落回提取物组断奶仔猪ADG较对照组提高3.89%（P>0.05）,F/G下降4.32%（P>0.05）,且腹泻率较对照组有显著降低的趋势（P=0.076）。②日粮中添加博落回提取物显著提高了断奶仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白G （IgG）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量（P<0.05）,血清IgA及IgM含量分别较对照组提高了4.59%和4.60%（P>0.05）。③日粮中添加博落回提取物可显著降低断奶仔猪血清中丙二醛（MDA）含量（P<0.05）,同时显著提高总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性（P<0.05）。综上所述,在日粮中添加0.1%博落回提取物可降低断奶仔猪腹泻率,并提高机体免疫力及抗氧化能力,且对断奶仔猪生长性能无不良影响。     

丁酸梭菌的功能性研究进展及其在畜禽生产中的应用

丁酸梭菌（Clostridium butyricum）又名丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌、酪酸梭菌,是一种产丁酸、乳酸和乙酸的厌氧异养的革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌,具有耐高温、耐酸和耐多种抗生素等生物学特性。丁酸梭菌定植于畜禽肠道,可抑制肠道有害菌的生长,同时促进有益菌的增殖,有效提高畜禽对营养物质的消化吸收及其抵抗力,进而提高畜禽养殖经济效益。丁酸梭菌存在于土壤或健康动物的粪便中,具有绿色、无残留、安全性好,以及稳定性及耐药性强等特点,是一种具有广泛开发潜力的绿色添加剂。作者主要介绍了丁酸梭菌的特性,简述了其对畜禽肠道形态、肠道屏障、肠道菌群、免疫等方面的影响,回顾了近十年来丁酸梭菌在畜禽生产中的应用进展,并探讨了其在生产应用中的问题,以期为丁酸梭菌的进一步应用提供理论依据。     

Expression of miRNA-22 in ovarian cancer and effect of miRNA-22 over-expression on SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell proliferation,migration and invasion

AIM: To examine the expression of miRNA-22 in the ovarian tissues and the effect of miRNA-22 over-expression on the proliferation, migration and invasion in SKOV-3 cells. METHODS: The expression levels of miRNA-22 in different ovarian tissues and SKOV-3 cells were determined by qPCR. miRNA-22 was over-expressed by transfection of miRNA-22 mimic. The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. The cell migration was measured by wound healing test. The cell invasion was analyzed by Transwell assay. The protein expression levels of VEGF and P53 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the normal ovarian tissue, the expression level of miRNA-22 was remarkably decreased in the ovarian tumor tissues. After transfection with miRNA-22 mimic, the expression level of miRNA-22 in the SKOV-3 cells was significantly increased, while the cell viability, migration and invasion were obviously decreased. Moreover, the protein expression of VEGF and P53 was dramatically inhibited after over-expression of miRNA-22. CONCLUSION: The decreased miRNA-22 expression may be correlated with the development of ovarian can-cer. Over-expression of miRNA-22 decreases the cell viability, migration and invasion by reducing the protein expression of VEGF and P53.     

Effect of autophagy on necroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in subtotal nephrectomy rats

AIM: To explore whether autophagy is involved in the excessive death of renal tubular epithelial cells in subtotal nephrectomy(SNx) rats and the relationship between autophagy and necroptosis in the kidney of SNx rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control group(n=6) and SNx group(n=42). The rats in SNx group were subjected to SNx. Sham surgery was performed in the rats in control group. The rats in SNx group were divided into subgroups at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks(n=6) and the other rats in SNx group were divided into SNx+vehicle group, SNx+necrostatin-1(Nec-1) group and SNx+3-methyladenine(3-MA) group. The expression of RIP1, RIP3, LC3 and beclin-1 at mRNA and protein levels was measured at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The effects of Nec-1 or 3-MA on the protein expression of LC3-I, LC3-II and beclin-1, and production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in the rat kidney were determined by Western blot and DCFH-DA staining. The death of renal tubular epithelial cells in the SNx rats was observed by TUNEL staining and electron microscopy. Finally, the effects of Nec-1 and 3-MA on blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(SCr) and the pathological changes of the renal tissues were analyzed. RESULTS: The highest mRNA and protein levels of RIP1, RIP3, LC3 and beclin-1 appeared at the 8th week after SNx(P<0.01). Compared with the rats in SNx+vehicle group, the protein over-expression of LC3-II/I and beclin-1, renal tubular epithelial cells with typical morphological features of necroptotic cell death and TUNEL-positive renal tubular cells were decreased in the SNx rats treated with Nec-1 and 3-MA(P<0.01), but 3-MA did not reduce the increased concentration of ROS. In addition, treatment with Nec-1 and 3-MA obviously reduced BUN, SCr(P<0.05), glomerulosclerosis index and tubulointerstitial injury score(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Autophagy participates in the excessive death of renal tubular epithelial cells in SNx rats. Inhibition of autograph prevents necroptotic cell death of renal tubular cells, and alleviates chronic renal injury in SNx rats.     

用原子荧光法检测家蚕体内硒的含量及其分布

硒对动物生殖发育、免疫系统具有重要功能,是动物必需微量元素。采用原子荧光法对不同系统家蚕体内硒的含量及其分布进行测定,结果显示:在喂食相同桑叶的情况下,不同系统家蚕品种幼虫体内的硒含量存在显著差异,5龄第4天的中系家蚕品种幼虫体内的硒含量明显高于日系家蚕品种,其中中系家蚕品种19-570体内的硒含量最高。对家蚕品种大造体内硒分布的研究结果表明:精巢中的硒含量明显高于其他组织,头部次之,脂肪体中的硒含量相对较低,由此推测硒在家蚕的生殖发育过程中可能发挥着重要作用。