生育期连续调亏灌溉对花生光合特性和根冠生长的影响

为研究不同水分胁迫条件下,花生生育期复水对叶片光合特性、干物质积累的影响,进而分析其补偿效应,于2018—2019年在辽西北阿尔乡灌溉试验站进行了膜下滴灌试验,采用两因素裂区试验设计,在花生的花针期（H,主区）、结荚期（J,副区）设置重度（H1、J1）、适度（H2、J2）和无亏（H3、J3）3个水平的水分胁迫处理,分别对应的土壤计划湿润层含水率下限为55%、65%、70%田间持水率（FC）,对比分析了花生叶片光合特性、根冠干物质积累量、产量构成等指标。结果表明,单生育期重度水分胁迫处理（H1、J1）复水后叶片光合特性不能恢复到正常水平,抑制了花生根冠干物质的积累;适度水分胁迫处理（H2、J2）复水后产生的光合超补偿效应,使花生在生育末期根冠干物质积累高于无亏处理;而连续适度水分胁迫处理（H2J2）复水后叶片能更好地进行光合作用、积累根冠干物质,形成有利的根冠比。在2018—2019年的所有处理中,与H3J3处理相比,H2J2处理两年分别增产12.44%、11.98%（p<0.05）,分别节水9.32%（p＞0.05）和14.23%（p<0.05）,水分利用效率分别提高22.32%、27.78%（p<0.05）。在辽西北地区,于花生花针期、结荚期施加适度水分胁迫是兼顾节水、增产的适宜处理。     

液电混合直线驱动系统位置控制特性研究

提出了一种采用电-机械直线执行器和液压缸的液电混合直线驱动系统。为消除电-机械直线执行器和液压缸之间的耦合影响,液压泵和比例阀协同控制液压缸输出力和运行方向,满足系统负载力需求,电-机械直线执行器用于运动控制,并补偿液压缸输出力波动和外部干扰力。为实现上述目标,设计了基于扩张状态观测器的电-机械直线执行器自适应滑模控制方法,以估计的负载力调节泵压力和比例阀开度,对液压缸输出力进行调控。比例阀在系统运行中主要用于控制液压缸运动方向,阀开度较大,可显著降低节流损失。通过仿真和试验分析了系统的运行特性和能效特性。结果表明,该系统具有良好的位置控制特性,能量效率高,较传统阀控系统能耗减少51%。     

不同填充颗粒半径水稻种子离散元模型参数标定

气固两相流耦合仿真被广泛运用在气力式排种器工作过程的研究中,因确定性颗粒轨道数值计算模型的需求,种子多采用颗粒聚合的方法建模,该方法采用的填充球颗粒半径越小、数量越多就越能接近种子的真实形态,但会造成仿真计算资源过度消耗、仿真时间增长。为研究不同填充球半径的水稻种子模型对颗粒间的动力学响应特性的影响,寻找种子模型最佳的填充球颗粒数量,本文以水稻种子为研究对象,借助三维扫描与逆向拟合的方法获取种子外形轮廓,分别采用不同半径（0.30、0.21、0.18、0.16、0.15mm）的球颗粒对其进行填充,形成气固耦合的水稻颗粒粘结聚合模型。采用无底圆筒提升、滑落堆积的真实试验与仿真测定,采用曲面响应法,以休止角为指标,标定出不同填充球颗粒半径种子模型的种间静摩擦因数和动摩擦因数;通过圆筒提升和滑落堆积试验对参数进行验证,以仿真试验休止角的变异系数为指标,结果表明随着填充球半径的减小,仿真结果越接近真实值;通过水稻正压式排种器气固两相流耦合仿真进行验证,以充种率为指标,结果表明填充颗粒半径为0.21mm,仿真时长与仿真精度最优。     

秸秆旋埋还田后空间分布效果仿真与试验

对传统旋耕机(TR)、秸秆旋埋还田机(SR)和深松+秸秆旋埋还田机(SSR)进行了秸秆还田离散元仿真和田间试验对比。通过设计的秸秆三维坐标测量装置对秸秆在土壤中的空间坐标进行了测量,并在三维绘图软件中还原了秸秆在土壤中的空间状态,及秸秆在三维图中量化及可视化显示。对取样立方体进行分层、横向及纵向划分等探究了秸秆在土壤中垂直分布及水平分布的均匀性。利用离散元软件建立了相应的仿真模型,并与田间试验设定了相同的作业参数,在仿真作业完成后,通过设置不同尺寸的Geometry Bin计算区域内秸秆数量,并分别对应实际田间作业的分层、横向和纵向划分。在分层处理中,仿真与实测结果表明,SR和SSR埋入土壤中的秸秆量都明显大于TR,尤其是埋入土壤下层的秸秆量均是TR的数倍。TR、SR和SSR作业后各层秸秆占比仿真值和实测值的变异系数均呈递减趋势,其中SSR的变异系数最小,分别为28. 8%和28. 7%。3种耕作装备下仿真值与实测值的变异系数相差不大,平均误差为9. 6%。横向和纵向划分中,TR、SR和SSR的各区域秸秆占比仿真值和实测值的变异系数无绝对规律,SSR的变异系数均最小。离散元仿真和田间试验结果表明,SSR秸秆还田后,秸秆在土壤中垂直分布和水平分布的均匀性均最优。离散元仿真较好地拟合了实际田间作业后秸秆的空间分布状态,相对误差在可接受范围内。     

冗余驱动的三平动并联机构性能分析与优化

提出一种冗余驱动的三平动并联机构。利用李群理论和修正的Grübler-Kutzbach公式对机构的输出自由度进行了分析。建立机构的位置方程,得到位置逆解和正解表达式,分析机构的运动部分解耦特性。推导机构的雅可比矩阵,并进行奇异分析。分析机构的工作空间。采用螺旋理论和虚功原理,建立机构的动力学模型,得到驱动力的优化分配,驱动力理论分析与仿真计算结果最大偏差为0.6%。建立机构的运动学评价指标和动力学评价指标,并研究尺度参数与机构性能间的映射关系。基于性能图谱对机构的尺度参数进行优化,提高其综合性能。     

Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae induces IL-8 expression in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner

AIM:To investigate the key molecular mechanism of inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells induced by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). METHODS: A549 cells were co-cultured with NTHi (multiplicity of infection, MOI: 10) and harvested 15 min and 30 min after stimulation. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in A549 cells was detected by Western blotting. The intracellular expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was examined by flow cytometry 4 h after stimulation. A549 cells were preincubated with p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) for 1 h and then stimulated with NTHi for 24 h. The level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the supernatants was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was rapidly induced by NTHi stimulation. The expression of NF-κB p65 in A549 cells after NTHi stimulation was significantly up-regulated compared with control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-8 in the supernatants was increased 24 h after bacterial stimulation compared with control group (P<0.05). Blockage of p38 MAPK or NF-κB remarkably decreased IL-8 secretion in A549 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:NTHi induces inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner.     

Inhibitory effect of T-bet gene transfer on airway inflammation in a established murine allergic asthmatic model

AIM: To investigate the effect of T-bet plasmid gene transfer to airway on allergen induced airway inflammation in a murine asthmatic model. METHODS: A mouse asthma model was established by sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). Forty C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups (10 mice in each group): the normal control group (group A), the asthmatic model group (group B), the pcDNA3 plasmid group (group C), and the pcDNA3-T-bet group (group D). The animals in group B, C and D were sensitized and challenged with OVA. The animals in group A were applied with normal saline. pcDNA3 plasmid at dose of 50 μg was intranasally administered at 24 h before intranasal challenges to the mice in group C, and the 50 μg pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid for the mice in group D. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and lung tissues were resected at 48 h after OVA challenge for later assay. RESULTS: After administration with pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid, high level of T-bet expression at 48 h was detected in the lung tissue by Western blotting. In pcDNA3-T-bet treated asthmatic models, histological evaluation revealed the significant suppression of eosinophil peribronchial and perivascular infiltration, and reduction of epithelial damage. The numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF from pcDNA3-T-bet treated mice were significantly reduced compared to those in asthmatic control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-4 in BALF was significantly decreased in pcDNA3-T-bet group compared to that in asthmatic control group (P<0.05), while the level of IFN-γ in BALF was significantly increased in pcDNA3-T-bet group. No significant change of inflammation cells and cytokines in pcDNA3 plasmid group and asthmatic control group was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Intranasal pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid transfer inhibits asthmatic airway inflammation in the murine asthmatic model, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for allergic asthma.     

硬肉大果型番茄新品种北研1号的选育

北研1号是以05B-91为母本,以05B-93为父本配制而成的硬肉大果型番茄一代杂种。无限生长类型,中早熟,生育期 106 d（天）左右。成熟果红色,扁圆形,无绿肩,可溶性固形物含量4.8 %,VC 114.4 mg·kg^-1,可溶性总糖2.7 %。抗叶 霉病、ToMV,果实硬度0.84 kg·cm^-2,耐贮运,平均单果质量192.7 g,每667 m²产量6 000 kg左右,全国各地保护地、露 地均可栽培。     

白灵菇多糖对CCI4损伤的小鼠心脏抗氧化作用研究

目的:探讨白灵菇多糖对CCI4损伤小鼠心脏抗氧化作用.方法:将成年小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组(低、中、高剂量给予的白灵菇多糖每天分别为100、200、500 mg/kg共5组,连续灌胃30d后,模型对照组及3个试验组以5 mg/kg·d·wt的量,灌以用色拉油配制的1%CCL溶液,正常对照组灌以等体积的色拉油.24h后将各组动物处死,测定心脏器官的总SOD、Mn-SOD、MDA、GSH-Px几个主要抗氧化指标.结果:与模型对照组相比,给予中、高剂量的白灵菇多糖,可显著提高受损小鼠心脏的总SOD、Mn-SOD及GSH-Px几个主要抗氧化指标.结果:与模型对照组相比,给予中、高剂量的白灵菇多糖,可显著提高受损小鼠心脏的总SOD、Mn-SOD及GSH-Px的活性,降低MDA的含量.结论:对于CCI4损伤的小鼠心脏,白灵菇多糖具有较好的抗氧化作用.     

鲁西南地区'蒙阳红'石榴丰产栽培技术

‘蒙阳红’石榴是山东省平邑‘蒙阳红’石榴研究所开发中心经过十余年努力选育出的枝变优系,其性状优于国内现有的传统石榴品种。该品种树势开张,丰产性良好,早实性强。果实近圆形,果皮薄而光洁,颜色鲜红．平均单果重500～700g,粒大肉厚,味甜微酸,百粒重54g,含糖19％,含酸0．4％,核半软,121感好,品质极佳,且不裂果、耐贮运。成熟期9月下旬。