中国对虾育苗时间与温度的关系及其应用

根据多年的调研和试验资料，利用非线性积温模型，模拟了对虾幼体各发育阶段所需天数与水温的关系。在此基础上研究确定了亲虾产卵孵化期的气候决策模式；并应用模式计算出了我市亲虾产卵孵化的适宜时段。为亲虾适宜产卵孵化期的决策提供了科学方法。     

改性木质素对砖红壤磷素有效性的影响

磷肥施入砖土壤后，土壤速效磷随着时间的推移，呈现下降的趋势。利用改性木质素缓释磷铵，可以有效地络合土壤活性钵，降低其活性，从而阻止土壤速效磷被固定，使土壤磷素维持在较高的水平。土壤中交换性钙和交换性镁对土壤速效磷的影响不大。     

黄颡鱼毒棘结构研究

黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）是较为典型的淡水刺毒鱼类,本研究结合宏观毒棘骨骼标本制作和微观组织切片等方法,深入探究黄颡鱼的毒棘结构。研究结果表明,黄颡鱼的胸鳍和背鳍均具有尖锐的倒刺棘骨,棘骨外包围着皮膜,皮膜拥有能分泌毒液的毒腺细胞,它们共同组成了黄颡鱼毒棘装置。毒棘骨骼宏观结构表明,黄颡鱼的背鳍和胸鳍毒棘均具有贯穿全棘骨的中央管和包围棘骨的皮膜;背鳍棘骨细长、锥形,且轻微拱起,顶部骤尖,后缘为弱锯齿;胸鳍棘骨前后缘均有锯齿,但后缘为强锯齿。背鳍和胸鳍毒棘基部结构的髁突形状、大小、位置全然不同。微观结构显示,皮膜中的毒腺细胞聚集成层,位于鳞状上皮与色素层之间,未见导管与之相连,背鳍和胸鳍毒棘的分支性骨管中均未发现毒腺细胞。胸鳍和背鳍锁紧装置可让毒棘保持倒伏或者直立的锁定状态,降低猎物挣脱几率。本研究可深入了解黄颡鱼的毒棘结构和特征,增强人们对刺毒鱼类的认知,同时为淡水刺毒鱼类深入研究奠定基础。     

新巴尔虎右旗植被覆盖变化研究

利用ArcGIS和ENVI的栅格空间分析工具,采用叠置分析、线性趋势分析法、均值法等分析方法,选用2001～2016年每年5～9月MODIS NDVI数据和该研究区域行政区划矢量数据来研究新巴尔虎右旗16年间的植被覆盖变化,为该地区植被趋势研究和生态建设提供一定的科学依据.结果表明:2001～2016年间新巴尔虎右旗生...     

黄土丘陵区丰水年产流产沙特征分析

设置标准径流小区进行长期定位监测,探讨天然降雨条件下,流域内不同土地利用方式对坡面产流产沙的影响,以期为该流域土地利用规划、水土流失综合治理、生态环境改善提供理论依据.基于汾河上游阳坡小流域内2种坡度、6种不同土地利用方式的8个径流小区,开展自然降雨观测、径流泥沙观测.结果表明:(1)试验期降雨超过多年同期平均雨量,属...     

Incidence,risk factors,and outcomes for early postoperative seizures in dogs with rostrotentorial brain tumors after intracranial surgery

BackgroundSeizures in the early postoperative period after intracranial surgery may affect outcome in dogs.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of early postoperative seizures (EPS) in dogs with brain tumors, identify specific risk factors for EPS, and determine if EPS affects outcome.AnimalsEighty‐eight dogs that underwent 125 intracranial surgeries for diagnosis and treatment of rostrotentorial brain tumors.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. All patients with a diagnosis of rostrotentorial brain tumor from 2006 to 2020 were included. Early postoperative seizures were diagnosed by observation of seizure activity within 14 days of neurosurgery. Previously diagnosed structural epilepsy, perioperative anticonvulsant drug (ACD) use, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and tumor characteristics were evaluated. Outcome measures included neurologic and nonneurologic complications, duration of hospitalization, and survival to discharge.ResultsDogs with rostrotentorial brain tumors had EPS after 16/125 (12.8%) neurosurgical procedures (95% confidence interval [CI], 7%‐19%). Presence of previous structural epilepsy was not associated with EPS risk (P = 1). Perioperative ACD use also was not associated with EPS (P = .06). Dogs with EPS had longer hospitalization (P < .001), were more likely to have neurologic complications postsurgery (P = .01), and were less likely to survive to discharge (P = .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIt is difficult to predict which dogs are at risk of EPS because the presence of previous structural epilepsy and the use of perioperative ACDs was not associated with EPS. However, seizures in the early postoperative period are clinically important because affected dogs had prolonged hospitalization, more neurologic complications, and decreased short‐term survival.     

黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分及生态化学计量特征

[目的]探究黄土丘陵区土地利用方式变化前后土壤养分及生态化学计量比的变化特征,为该区农业生产以及生态恢复工作提供科学依据。[方法]选取山西省永和县岔口小流域因生态工程的实施而改变土地利用方式的坡改梯地(梯田)、退耕还林地(林地)、地埂核桃园地(园地)3种样地为研究对象,以现有坡耕地为对照,利用时空互代法,比较不同土地利用方式变化前后0—20 cm,20—40 cm土壤C,N,P,K含量以及生态化学计量比的差异。[结果]①流域各种生态恢复措施实施后,土壤C,N元素含量明显增加,梯田、林地、园地0—40 cm土壤有机C含量分别是坡耕地的1.38,2.44和1.09倍,全N含量分别是坡耕地的1.76,2.66,1.68倍。P,K元素增加量不明显,林地相比其他2种土地利用方式对C,N元素的固持更加明显;②通过分析土壤养分化学计量比的关系,发现流域土壤的限制性元素为C,N元素;③流域土壤养分及计量比之间存在着稳定的耦合关系,C-N之间的耦合关系最为显著且在各元素和生态化学计量比稳定方面发挥着重要作用。[结论]流域3种土地利用方式有效地改变了土壤全量养分含量和元素的生态化学计量比,有利于流域的生态保护和植被修复。     

Modern wheat cultivars have greater root nitrogen uptake efficiency than old cultivars

The availability of nitrogen (N) contained in crop residues for a following crop may vary with cultivar, depending on root traits and the interaction between roots and soil. We used a pot experiment to investigate the effects of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (three old varieties introduced before mid last century and three modern varieties) and N fertilization on the ability of wheat to acquire N from maize (Zea mays L.) straw added to soil. Wheat was grown in a soil where ¹⁵N‐labeled maize straw had been incorporated with or without N fertilization. Higher grain yield in three modern and one old cultivar was ascribed to preferred allocation of photosynthate to aboveground plant parts and from vegetative organs to grains. Root biomass, root length density and root surface area were all smaller in modern than in old cultivars at both anthesis and maturity. Root mean diameter was generally similar between modern and old cultivars at anthesis but was greater in modern than in old cultivars at maturity. There were cultivar differences in N uptake from incorporated maize straw and the other N sources (soil and fertilizer). However, these differences were not related to variation in the measured root parameters among the six cultivars. At anthesis, total N uptake efficiencies by roots (total N uptake per root weight or root length) were greater in modern than in old cultivars within each fertilization level. At maturity, averaged over fertilization levels, the total N uptake efficiencies by roots were 292?336 mg N g^?1 roots or 3.2?4.0 mg N m^?1 roots for three modern cultivars, in contrast to 132?213 mg N g^?1 roots or 0.93?1.6 mg N m^?1 roots for three old cultivars. Fertilization enhanced the utilization of N from maize straw by all cultivars, but root N uptake efficiencies were less affected. We concluded that modern spring wheat cultivars had higher root N uptake efficiency than old cultivars.     

浅谈网络环境下高校图书馆馆员的信息素质教育

阐述了信息素质教育的涵义,探讨了图书馆馆员信息素质教育的重要性及现状,指出了图书馆馆员信息素质教育的构成、主要内容和实现图书馆馆员信息素质教育的途径。     

华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米轮作田能量闭合状况分析

对华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米轮作田连续3a(2003-11-2006-10)涡度相关观测的能量闭合状况进行综合分析,并探讨下垫面对能量闭合程度的影响.结果表明,能量平衡比率(EBR)日变化规律明显,以昼夜交替时波动最大,下午略高于上午,白天能量闭合状况明显优于夜间.将湍流能的相位提前0.5h,湍流通量和有效能的匹配度及能量闭合程度均得到提高.白天EBR呈秋冬高(分别为0.98和0.94)、春夏低(分别为0.85和0.70)的季节变化特征,EBR的波动幅度依次为:夏＞秋＞冬＞春.下垫面状况对地表能量闭合程度影响显著,裸地阶段、小麦季和玉米季的年均白天EBR分别为1.11、0.94和0.74,小麦季的能量闭合状况优于玉米季;EBR波动幅度依次为:裸地阶段＞玉米季＞小麦季.观测期间,白天EBR年均值范围在0.82 ～0.97,平均0.89,较好地满足了农田通量观测对数据质量的要求.