Identification of qRL7, a major quantitative trait locus associated with rice root length in hydroponic conditions

Root system development is an important target for improving yield in rice. Active roots that can take up nutrients more efficiently are essential for improving grain yield. In this study, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses using 215 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Xieqingzao B (XB), a maintainer line with short roots and R9308, a restorer line with long roots. Only a QTLs associated with root length were mapped on chromosomes 7. The QTL, named qRL7, was located between markers RM3859 and RM214 on chromosome 7 and explained 18.14–18.36% of the total phenotypic variance evaluated across two years. Fine mapping of qRL7 using eight BC₃F₃ recombinant lines mapped the QTL to between markers InDel11 and InDel17, which delimit a 657.35 kb interval in the reference cultivar Nipponbare. To determine the genotype classes for the target QTL in these BC₃F₃ recombinants, the root lengths of their BC₃F₄ progeny were investigated, and the result showed that qRL7 plays a crucial role in root length. The results of this study will increase our understanding of the genetic factors controlling root architecture, which will help rice breeders to breed varieties with deep, strong and vigorous root systems.     

微生物预处理秸秆纤维浆结构、形态及成膜性研究

为研究生物预处理对秸秆纤维解离作用,促进制浆过程纤维分丝帚化及成膜性,采用实验室模拟发酵法,探讨微生物接种量及发酵时间对秸秆纤维化学组分、纤维形态及膜力学性质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,接种1%外源菌处理稻秸14天时降解率达到20%,纤维降解适中,细小纤维占比仅59.63%~67.91%,纤维间交织力增强,纤维的疏解与拆分效应提升,打浆能耗降低71.54%。且随发酵时间的延长,纤维膜的抗张强度先升高再降低,第7和14天时分别提高7.6%和4.64%;3%接菌量处理14天时,浆料重均和质量加权增幅最大至28.57%和49.36%,膜撕裂度最高达240.9 mN。抗张强度与纤维质量间无明显相关性,耐破强度与纤维质量加权长度间呈负相关,撕裂强度与纤维数均长度、重均及纤维长宽比间呈显著正相关。该研究为生物降解秸秆纤维地膜的开发应用可行性提供技术支撑。     

细粒棘球蚴TSP1和TSP6基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

为了研究绵羊细粒棘球蚴重要抗原基因Tetraspanin 1-TSP1(TSP1)和Tetraspanin 1-TSP6(TSP6)的功能,对Gen Bank中Eg基因组数据库检索,获得TSP1和TSP6的c DNA序列并设计特异性引物。以Eg头节为总RNA模板,进行RT-PCR,将PCR产物克隆到p MD19-T载体后测序并进行生物信息学分析。TSP1 c DNA全长792个核苷酸,编码263个氨基酸,该多肽含有3个潜在的N端糖基化位点,2个N端酰基化位点,与已登录的标准株TSP1基因序列(EG_11043)同源性为98.99%,其推导的氨基酸序列同源性为98.48%;TSP6 c DNA全长666个核苷酸,编码221个氨基酸,该多肽含有5个N端酰基化位点,1个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点,与已登录的标准株TSP6基因序列(EG_00715)同源性为98.18%,其推导的氨基酸序列同源性为85.07%。运用分子生物学软件对Eg TSP1和TSP6基因进行生物信息学分析,预测已知序列的蛋白质抗原的结构和表位,为疫苗的研发奠定了前期基础。     

西瓜新品种‘黄晶’高产栽培技术研究

为提高西瓜新品种‘黄晶’的品质和产量,加速新品种的推广应用,研究了与之配套的栽培技术。结果表明：该品种的最佳育苗方式为营养钵育苗,最佳栽培方式为白色地膜覆盖+单蔓整枝,种植密度以株距25 cm、11000~13200株/hm²为最佳,基肥施用量以硫酸钾型复合肥（狮马牌）975~ 1200 kg/hm² +有机肥30 t/hm²混施为宜。该品种在春播设施栽培条件下及推广应用中,采用单蔓整枝、白地膜覆盖、合理的种植密度及施肥量可以达到高产、优质的目的。     

间伐对杉木人工林土壤酶和活性有机碳的短期影响

为了明确杉木人工林间伐后短期内土壤酶和活性有机碳的变化,在浙江开化开展了3种间伐强度（对照、中度和强度）下2年后土壤酶活性、活性有机碳含量以及碳库管理指数变化的研究。结果表明：相对于未间伐林地,间伐处理增加了0~20 cm土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和转化酶活性,其中中度间伐仅增加了表层(0~10 cm)土壤酶活性,而强度间伐处理可以显著增加0~20 cm土壤酶活性。间伐处理增加了0~20 cm土层土壤活性有机碳含量,土壤非活性有机碳含量没有显著变化。0~10 cm土层土壤碳库活度、碳库活度指数、碳库指数和碳库管理指数均随间伐强度增加而增大,10~20 cm土层强度间伐处理碳库管理指数显著高于对照。20 cm以下土层土壤酶、活性有机碳及碳库管理指数在不同间伐处理之间均无显著差异。这4种土壤酶与活性有机碳和碳库管理指数呈显著正相关。这些试验结果说明杉木人工林间伐2年后,增加了浅层土壤酶活性和活性有机碳含量,将促进土壤碳释放。     

A dwarfing mutant caused by deactivation function of alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein in rice

Dwarf mutants in plants are crucial for elucidating regulatory mechanisms for plant growth and development. Previous studies suggested that the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit known as D1/RGA1 in rice was involved in deactivation function of the G protein. However, so far no partner has been analyzed the spatial structure change acting with D1. In this study, a dwarf mutant designated Mu101 was obtained in M₂ population of rice indica cultivar M804 treated with ⁶⁰Co γ-ray. Genetic analysis of Mu101 indicated that the dwarf phenotype was controlled by a single dwarf gene, and the dwarf mutant was insensitive to gibberellin (GA), which was named dwarf 89 (d89). Using a large F₂ population derived from a cross between the d89 and a japonica rice variety, Taigeng16, the D89 gene was fine mapped into a 62.13 kb physical distance on chromosome 5, where eight open reading frames were predicted. Sequence analysis indicated that only one bp substitution (A-G) was found in LOC_Os05g26890 between M804 and the d89 mutant. The rice GA insensitive dwarf mutant DWARF1 gene was in this locus. The modeling analysis showed amino acid threonine to alanine mutation was likely to make the alpha helix short, and led to the G protein deactivation.     

Inheritance of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and genetic correlations with fruit characters in a diploid Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) population

Bacterial canker of kiwifruit, caused by a virulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), has resulted in serious damage to kiwifruit industry worldwide. The variability and inheritance of resistance to Psa and fruit characters in a disconnected factorial mating population of diploid Actinidia chinensis Planch were investigated. Significant variation in all characters was found, and this appeared to be under polygenic control. Results indicated the extent and nature of genetic variation in Psa resistance available in our breeding gene pool. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability were moderate-high to high for Psa resistance, fruit weight, dry matter content (DM) and soluble solids contents (SSC), but low for fruit number per vine. The moderate-high heritability for Psa resistance indicated a genetic control of the observed variation, and selection for Psa resistance could be possible. Psa resistance had a high negative genetic correlation with fruit number per vine, but a moderate positive correlation with fruit weight, DM and SSC. The results implied that yield penalty of Psa resistance might exist in kiwifruit. Thus, selection strategies based on Psa resistance need to take account of its negative correlation with fruit number per vine. Male and female parents useful for improving Psa resistance and fruit characters simultaneously were identified. Two full-sib families were outstanding, as they combined high degrees of resistance to Psa with high yield components and reasonable amounts of DM and SSC.     

单核细胞增生李斯特菌 sRNA 伴侣分子 hfq的基因克隆、表达及纯化

为克隆、表达单核细胞增生李斯特菌sRNA分子伴侣蛋白hfq基因,并纯化重组蛋白,通过PCR的方法从单核细胞增生李斯特菌基因组DNA中扩增出hfq基因,将扩增产物克隆于pMD18-T载体中,测序验证后,再将hfq基因亚克隆至表达载体pET-32a（＋）中,成功构建pET-32a（＋）-hfq原核表达载体。然后,转化至大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞中,通过IPTG进行诱导表达,对表达蛋白进行可溶性分析,并采用Ni-NTA纯化目的蛋白。结果显示：克隆的hfq基因全长234 bp,编码77个氨基酸,通过SDS-PAGE可以检测到27 kDa的蛋白特异性条带;并从上清中纯化得到了Hfq融合蛋白。为进一步研究该蛋白的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

玉米新品种南校201高产优质制种技术的研究

研究了施肥量、种植密度及父母本行比对玉米新品种南校201制种产量的影响.结果表明:(1)配方施肥水平18:6:18产量最高;(2)种植密度3 500株/667m~2产量最高;(3)父母本行比以1:6花粉量最合适,经济效益最好.