Isolation and characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from national horse racetracks and private horse-riding courses in Korea

Limited information is available regarding horse-associated antimicrobial resistant (AR) Escherichia (E.) coli. This study was designed to evaluate the frequency and characterize the pattern of AR E. coli from healthy horse-associated samples. A total of 143 E. coli (4.6%) were isolated from 3,078 samples collected from three national racetracks and 14 private horse-riding courses in Korea. Thirty of the E. coli isolates (21%) showed antimicrobial resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, and four of the AR E. coli (13.3%) were defined as multi-drug resistance. Most of the AR E. coli harbored AR genes corresponding to their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Four of the AR E. coli carried class 1 integrase gene (intI1), a gene associated with multi-drug resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis showed no genetic relatedness among AR E. coli isolated from different facilities; however, cross-transmissions between horses or horses and environments were detected in two facilities. Although cross-transmission of AR E. coli in horses and their environments was generally low, our study suggests a risk of transmission of AR bacteria between horses and humans. Further studies are needed to evaluate the risk of possible transmission of horse-associated AR bacteria to human communities through horse riders and horse-care workers.     

Pharmacokinetic indices for cefovecin after single‐dose administration to adult sea otters (Enhydra lutris)

Seven sea otters received a single subcutaneous dose of cefovecin at 8 mg/kg body weight. Plasma samples were collected at predetermined time points and assayed for total cefovecin concentrations using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The mean (±SD) noncompartmental pharmacokinetic indices were as follows: C_Max (obs) 70.6 ± 14.6 μg/mL, T_{Max (obs)} 2.9 ± 1.5 h, elimination rate constant (k_el) 0.017 ± 0.002/h, elimination half‐life (t_1/2kel) 41.6 ± 4.7 h, area under the plasma concentration‐vs.‐time curve to last sample (AUC_last) 3438.7 ± 437.7 h·μg/mL and AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUC_0→∞) 3447.8 ± 439.0 h·μg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for select isolates were determined and used to suggest possible dosing intervals of 10 days, 5 days, and 2.5 days for gram‐positive, gram‐negative, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacterial species, respectively. This study found a single subcutaneous dose of cefovecin sodium in sea otters to be clinically safe and a viable option for long‐acting antimicrobial therapy.     

尼润花属品种在杭州地区的引种栽培研究

以从荷兰引进的7个尼润花品种为试验材料,在杭州地区进行适应性栽培,观察并记载其物候期、花期形态与栽培适应性,在国内详细报道了尼润花属植物的引种及栽培情况,以期丰富我国夏秋季开花的球根花卉品种资源。结果表明:引种材料中有4个品种适应性较好,能够正常生长、开花,全年绿叶期长达8个月,花期持续3个月。栽植1年后,7个品种的更新鳞茎收获均为室外阴棚区盆栽方式优于露地栽植条件。尼润花属园艺品种在杭州地区能良好生长,有望发展成为优良的花境植物、地被植物及切花材料。     

黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌的毒力分化及AFLP分析

以6个黄瓜品种(系)为试材,以来自山东、辽宁、黑龙江的200个黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌为供试菌株,采用苗期接种鉴定及AFLP分子标记技术,研究了黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌的毒力分化。结果表明:黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌存在生理小种分化现象,并将200个菌株分为4个生理小种,初步筛选出D0330、D1306、D0649和D2025作为研究黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌生理小种分化的鉴别寄主备选材料;AFLPs与菌株的地理来源无关,与毒力存在相关性。     

西藏设施番茄晚疫病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究

以具典型晚疫病症状的番茄病叶为试材,采用薯片夹叶分离法对病原菌进行分离,测定了不同培养基、pH、温度、碳源、氮源对菌丝生长、产孢的影响,通过病原菌鉴定和生物学特性研究,以期为西藏设施番茄晚疫病发生及防治提供理论依据。结果表明:引起设施番茄晚疫病的病原菌为致病疫霉菌Phytophthora infestans(Mont)de Bary。病菌菌丝在大多数培养基上均能良好生长,其中RSA培养基最适宜菌丝生长及产孢;菌丝生长和产孢的最适温度范围为18℃,最适生长pH 6~7;菌丝对碳源的利用,以可溶性淀粉最好,麦芽糖最差;在氮源利用方面,菌丝在以脯氨酸为氮源的查氏培养基上生长最快,在精氨酸、胱氨酸和氯化铵上不生长。孢子囊的致死温度为55℃,15min。     

Toxic pneumonitis caused by inhalation of hydrocarbon waterproofing spray in two dogs

CASE DESCRIPTION: 2 dogs were evaluated because of vomiting and lethargy (a Toy Poodle; dog 1) and acute respiratory distress, vomiting, and anorexia (a Chihuahua; dog 2). Dog 1 had been exposed to a commercial hydrocarbon waterproofing spray 24 hours before the development of clinical signs, and dog 2 was examined 18 hours after exposure to a waterproofing spray containing heptane, a highly flammable liquid hydrocarbon. CLINICAL FINDINGS: In both dogs, major gastrointestinal tract abnormalities were ruled out but respiratory status worsened. Thoracic radiography revealed a diffuse interstitial pulmonary pattern, and hypoxemia was detected. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Hospitalization for monitoring and care was required for both dogs. The dogs recovered with supportive care, which included administration of oxygen, fluids, and bronchodilators. Additionally, dog 1 received glucocorticoids via inhalation and supplemental enteral nutrition, whereas dog 2 was treated with an antimicrobial. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The dogs of this report developed hydrocarbon pneumonitis following exposure to waterproofing sprays. Such sprays contain potentially toxic hydrocarbons. The severity of the adverse effects associated with exposure may have been amplified because the dogs were physically small and were exposed to a relatively large amount of aerosolized spray within small areas. Development of chemical pneumonitis in pet animals is best prevented by application of waterproofing sprays in well-ventilated or outdoor areas from which pets have been excluded. With prolonged hospitalization and considerable monitoring and care, affected dogs can recover from these exposures.     

Protection of pigs against post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2

Post-weaning multisystemic wating syndrome (PMWS) associated with PCV2 was one of the most costly diseases currently faced by the swine industry. In order to develop a vaccine to control this disease, we previously constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid of PCV2. Here, we examined the protection of swine against PMWS by the recombinant adenovirus. Eighteen 32-day-old pigs were assigned to three groups each with six. Group 1 was vaccinated subcutaneously with rAd-Cap and boosted 2 weeks later. Thirty-seven days after first vaccination, Groups 1 and 2 were oronasally challenged with virulent PCV2 isolate, 4 and 7 days later, intramuscularly exposed to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Group 3 remained unchallenged but with KLH. The results showed that high level of PCV2-specific ELISA antibody and neutralizing antibody could be induced at 37 days after first vaccination. After challenge, pigs in vaccinated group had no clearly clinical signs, although some of them had increased rectal temperatures (>/=40 degrees C) for short time. The pyrexic phase in vaccinated group was significantly lighter than that in challenge-control group (P<0.05). The relative daily weight gain in vaccinated-challenged group was similar to that in empty control group. But it was significantly high compared to the challenge-control group (P<0.05). Mean while the pathological lesions and virema presented in vaccinated group were milder than those in control group. It indicated that the recombinant adenovirus was able to confer significant protection against clinical disease and reduce pathogenic lesions induced by PCV2 challenge, even though it could not provide complete virological protection. The recombinant adenovirus might be an attractive candidate vaccine for preventing the disease associated with PCV2 infection.     

Tibial plateau symmetry and the effect of osteophytosis on tibial plateau angle measurements

A novel technique was developed to estimate the caudal medial tibial plateau landmark in the face of osteophytosis to improve accuracy in tibial plateau angle measurements. Using this technique, tibial plateau angles were evaluated in 31 normal dogs before and 8 months after right cranial cruciate ligament transection. There was no significant difference in mean tibial plateau angle before or after induction of osteophytosis. Additionally, it was determined that 90% of dogs had a difference of =2 degrees between right and left tibial plateau angles, which was considered symmetrical.